Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Ultrastructure Methods in Cuticle Research

  • Chapter
Cuticle Techniques in Arthropods

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Experimental Entomology ((SSEXP))

Abstract

Insect cuticle was among the first biological objects studied by electron microscopy. Pore canals and lamellae were observed in hand-cut wedges of cockroach cuticle as early as 1942 (Richards and Anderson 1942). It was also found possible to view whole mounts of thin cuticle membranes such as those of tracheae and tracheoles (Richards and Korda 1950). The use of the electron microscope for cuticle problems has grown exponentially in the 1960s and 1970s from these early beginnings.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Agar AW (1974) The basic principles of the electron microscope. In: Glauert AM (ed) Practical methods in electron microscopy, Vol 2. American El-sevier, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ainsworth SK, Karnovsky MJ (1972) An ultrastructural staining method for enhancing the size and electron opacity of ferritin in the sections. J His-tochem Cytochem 20:225–229.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alderson RH (1974) Image recording and display. In: Glauert AM (ed) Practical methods in electron microscopy, vol 2. North-Holland/American Elsevier, Amsterdam/New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson TF (1969) Electron microscopy of micro-organisms. In: Polister AW (ed) Physical techniques in biological research. Vol III, Part A. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baumeister W, Hahn M (1978) Specimen supports. In: Hayat MA (ed) Principles and techniques of electron microscopy: Vol 8, Biological applications. Van Nostrand-Reinhold, Princeton, N.J..

    Google Scholar 

  • Black JT (1974) The scanning electron microscope: Operating principles. In: Hayat MA (ed) Principles and techniques of electron microscopy: Vol. 1, Biological applications. Van Nostrand-Reinhold, Princeton, N.J..

    Google Scholar 

  • Branton D, Bullivant S, Gilula NB, Karnovsky MJ, Moor H, Mühlethaler K, Northcote DH, Packer L, Satir B, Satir P, Speth V, Staehlin LA, Steere RL, Winestein RS (1975) Freeze-etching nomenclature. Science 190:54–56.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Britton HTS, Robinson RA (1931) Universal buffer solutions and the dissociation constant of veronal. J Chem Sde 1456.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown GL, Locke M (1978) Nucleoprotein localization by bismuth staining. Tissue cell 10:365–388.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bullivant S (1973) Freeze-etching and freeze-fracturing. In: Koehler JK (ed) Advanced techniques in biological electron microscopy. Springer Verlag, New York, Heidelberg, Berlin, pp. 67–112..

    Google Scholar 

  • Caveney S, Podgorski C (1975) Intercellular communication in a positional field. Ultrastructural correlates and tracer analysis of communication between insect epidermal cells. Tissue Cell 7:559–574.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chandler JA (1977) Wavelength dispersive X-ray microanalysis in biological research. In: Meek G A, Elder H Y (eds) Analytical and quantitative methods in microscopy. Cambridge University Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen AL (1974) Critical point drying. In: Meek G A, Elder HY (eds) Analytical and quantitative methods in microscopy. Cambridge University Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman JR, Terepka AR (1974) Preparatory methods for electron probe analysis. In: Hayat MA (ed) Principles and techniques of electron microscopy: Vol 4, Biological applications. Van Nostrand-Reinhold, Princeton, N.J..

    Google Scholar 

  • Colliex C, Trebbia P (1978) Electron energy loss spectroscopy in the electron microscope: Present state of affairs. In: Sturgess JM (ed) Electron microscopy 1978, vol III. Microscopical Society of Canada, Toronto, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cornelisse CJ, Van Duijn P (1973a) A new method for the investigation of the kinetics of the capture reaction in phosphatase cytochemistry. I. Theoretical aspects of the local formation of crystalline precipitates. J Histochem Cy-tochem 21:607–613.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cornelisse CJ, Van Duijn P (1973b) A new method for the investigation of the kinetics of the capture reaction in phosphatase cytochemistry. II. Theoretical and experimental study of phosphate diffusion from thin polyacrylamide films. J Histochem Cytochem 21:614–622.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Czaninski Y, Catesson AM (1974) Polyphenoloxidases. In: Hayat MA (ed) Electron microscopy of enzymes: Vol 2, Principles and methods. Van Nostrand-Reinhold, Princeton, N.J..

    Google Scholar 

  • Danon D, Goldstein L, Marikovsky Y, Skutelsky E (1972) Use of cationized fer-ritin as a label of negative charges on cell surfaces. J Ultrastruct Res 38:500–510.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dawson RMC, Elliott DC, Elliott WH, Jones, KM (eds) (1959) Data for biochemical research, pp 192-209. Oxford University Press, London and New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Iraldi AP, Suburo AM (1970) Electron staining of synaptic vesicles using the Champy-Maillet technique. J Micros 91:99–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunn RF (1978) Calibration of magnification in transmission electron microscopy. In: eriHayat MD (ed) Principles and techniques of electron micrscopy: vol 8, Biological applications. Van Nostrand-Reinhold, Princeton, N.J..

    Google Scholar 

  • Eppig JJ Jr (1974) Tyrosinase. In: Hayat MA (ed) Electron microscopy of enzymes: Vol 2, Principles and methods. Van Nostrand-Reinhold, Princeton NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Essner E (1973) Phosphatases. In: Hayat MA (ed) Electron microscopy of enzymes: Vol 1, Principles and methods. Van Nostrand-Reinhold, Princeton NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Essner E (1974) Hemoproteins. In: Hayat MA (ed) Electron microscopy of enzymes: Vol 1, Principles and methods. Van Nostrand-Reinhold, Princeton NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farnell GC, Flint RB (1975) Photographic aspects of electron microscopy. In: Hayat MA (ed) Principles and techniques of electron microscopy: Vol 5, Biological applications. Van Nostrand-Reinhold, Princeton NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farquhar M (1978) Recovery of surface membrane in anterior pituitary cells. J Cell Biol 77:R35–R42.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friend DS (1969) Cytochemical staining of multivesicular body and Golgi vesicles. J Cell Biol 41:269–279.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friend DS, Brassil GE (1970) Osmium staining of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in the rat adrenal cortex. J Cell Biol 46:252–266.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glauert AM (1975) Fixation, dehydration and embedding of biological specimens. In: Glauert AM (ed) Practical methods in electron microscopy. Vol. 3, Pt I. American Elsevier, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gomori G (1955) Methods in enzymology, Vol 1. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodhew PJ (1973) Specimen preparation in materials science. In: Glauert AM (ed) Practical methods in electron microscopy, Vol 1, Pt I. American Elsevier, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodhew PJ (1975) Electron microscopy and analysis. Wykeham Publ London, Springer-Verlag, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halcrow K (1978) Modified pore canals in the cuticle of Gammarus (Crustacea: Amphipoda); a study by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Tissue Cell 10:659–670.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haschemeyer RH, Meyers RJ (1972) Negative staining. In: Hayat MA (ed) Principles and techniques of electron microscopy: Vol 2, Biological applications. Van Nostrand-Reinhold, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayat MA (1970) Principles and techniques of electron microscopy: Vol 5, Biological applications. Van Nostrand-Reinhold, Princeton, New York NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayat MA (1974) Principles and techniques of scanning electron microscopy: Vol 2, Biological applications. Van Nostrand-Reinhold, Princeton, NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayat MA (1975) Positive staining for electron microscopy. Van Nostrand-Reinhold, Princeton NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayat MA (1978) Introduction to biological scanning electron microscopy. University Park Press, Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayes TL (1973) Scanning electron microscope techniques in biology. In: Koehler JK (ed) Advanced techniques in biological electron microscopy. Springer-Verlag, New York, Heidelberg, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henkelman RM, Ottensmeyer FP (1974) An energy filter for biological electron microscopy. J Microsc 102:79–94.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holmes W (1943) Silver staining of nerve axons in paraffin sections. Anat. Record 86:157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Howden HF, Ling LEC (1974) Low-magnification study of uncoated specimens. In: Hayat AM (ed) Principles and techniques of electron microscopy: Vol 1, biological applications. Van Nostrand-Reinhold Co., Princeton NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson TE (1977) Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis. In: Meek GA, Elder HY (eds) Analytical and quantitative methods in microscopy. Cambridge University Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jouffrey B, Kihn Y, Perez JPh, Sevely J, Zanchi G (1978) On chemical analysis of thin films by energy loss spectroscopy. In: Sturgess JM (ed) Electron microscopy 1978, Vol III. Microscopical Society of Canada, Pubi., Toronto, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kessel RG, Shih CY (1974) Scanning electron microscopy in biology. Springer, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lange RH (1976) Tilting experiments in the electron microscope. In: Hayat MA (ed) Principles and techniques of electron microscopy: Vol 6, Biological applications. Van Nostrand-Reinhold, Princeton NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Larsen WJ (1970) Genesis of mitochondria in the fat body of an insect. J Cell Biol 47:373–383.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Larsen WJ (1971) Cell remodeling in the fat body at metamorphosis. PhD dissertations, Case Western Reserve University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Locke M (1966) The structure and formation of the cuticulin layer in the epicu-ticle of an insect, Calpodes ethlius (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). J Morphol 118:461–494.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Locke M (1969a) The localization of a peroxidase associated with hard cuticle formation in an insect, Calpodes ethlius Stoll, Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae. Tissue cell 1(3):555–574.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Locke M (1969b) The structure of an epidermal cell during the formation of the protein epicuticle and the uptake of molting fluid in an insect. J Morphol 127:7–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Locke M, Collins JV (1965) The structure and formation of protein granules in the fat body of an insect. J Cell Biol 26:857–885.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Locke M, Collins JV (1968) Protein uptake into multivesicular bodies and storage granules in the fat body of an insect. J Cell Biol 36:453–483.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Locke M, Huie P (1972) The fiber components of insect connective tissue. Tissue Cell 4:601–612.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Locke M, Huie P (1975) Staining of the elastic fibers in insect connective tissue after tannic acid/glutaraldehyde fixation. Tissue Cell 7:211–216.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Locke M, Huie P (1976) The beads in the golgi complex/ endoplasmic reticulum region. J Cell Biol 70:384–394.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Locke M, Huie P (1977) Bismuth staining for light and electron microscopy. Tissue Cell 9:347–371.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Locke M, Huie P (1979) Apolysis and the turnover of plasma membrane plaques during cuticle formation in an insect. Tissue Cell 11:277–291.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Locke M, Huie P (1980) The nucleolus during epidermal development in an insect. Tissue Cell 12:175–194.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Locke M, Krishnan N (1971a) Hot alcoholic phosphotungstic acid and uranyl acetate as routine stains for thick and thin sections. J Cell Biol 50:550–556.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Locke M, Krishnan N (1971b) Distribution of phenoloxidases and polyphenols during cuticle formation. Tissue Cell 3:103–126.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Locke M, Krishnan N (1973) The formation of the ecdysial droplets and the ec-dysial membrane in an insect. Tissue Cell 5:441–450.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Locke M, McMahon JT (1971) The origin and fate of microbodies in the fat body of an insect. J Cell Biol 48:61–78.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Locke M, Sykes AK (1975) The role of the Golgi complex in the isolation and digestion of organelles. Tissue Cell 7:143–158.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Locke M, Krishnan N, McMahon JT (1971) A routine method for obtaining high contrast without staining sections. J Cell Biol 50:540–544.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maser MD, Powell TE III, Philpott CW (1967) Relationships among pH, os-molality, and concentration of fixative solutions. Stain technol 42:175–182.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moor H, Miihlethaler K (1963) Fine structure in frozen-etched yeast cells. J Cell Biol 17:609–628.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rambourg A, Hernandez W, Leblond CP (1969) Detection of complex carbohydrates in the Golgi apparatus of rat cells. J Cell Biol 40:395–414.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reid N (1975) Ultramicrotomy. In: Glauert AM (ed) Practical methods in electron microscopy. North-Holland Publ, Amsterdam, Oxford/American El-sevier, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Revel JP, Karnovsky MJ (1967) Hexagonal array of subunits in intercellular junctions of the mouse heart and liver. J Cell Biol 33:No. 3 C7–12..

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds ES (1963) The use of lead citrate of high pH as an electron-opaque stain in electron microscopy. J Cell Biol 17:208.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richards AG, Anderson TF (1942) Electron microscope studies of insect cuticle with a discussion of the application of electron optics to this problem. J Morphol 71:135–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richards AG, Korda FH (1950) Studies on arthropod cuticle. 4. An electron microscope survey of the intima of arthropod tracheae. Ann Entomol Soc Am 43:49–71.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers AW (1973) Techniques of autoradiography, 2nd edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salpeter MM, Bachman L (1972) Autoradiography. In: Hayat MA (ed) Principles and techniques of electron microscopy. Vol 2, Biological applications. Van Nostrand-Reinhold, Princeton NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salpeter MM, McHenry FA (1973) Electron microscopic autoradiography. In: Koehler JK (ed) Advanced techniques in biological electron microscopy. Springer Verlag, New York, Heidelberg, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scharf D (1977) Magnifications. Schocken Books, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shivers RR, Brightman MW (1976) Trans-glial channels in ventral nerve roots of crayfish. J Comp Neurol 167:1–26.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simionescu N, Simionescu M (1976) Galloylglucoses of low molecular weight as mordants in electron microscopy. I and II. J Cell Biol 70:608–633.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Staehelin LA (1973) Analysis and critical evaluation of the information contained in freeze-etch micrographs. In: Benedetti EL, Favard P (eds) Freeze-etching techniques and applications. Société Française de Microscopie Électronique, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steere RL (1957) Electron microscopy of structural detail in frozen biological specimens. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 3:45–60.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stolinski C, Breathnach AS (1975) Freeze-fracture replication of biological tissues. Techniques, interpretation and applications. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sturgess JM, Katona E, Moscarello MA (1973) The Golgi complex I. Isolation and ultrastructure in normal rat liver. J Membrane Biol 12:367–384.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walpole GS (1914) Hydrogen potentials of mixtures of acetic acid and sodium acetate. J Chem Soc 105:2501.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weavers BA (1975) The analytical electron microscope Emma-4. In: Hayat MA (ed) Principles and techniques of electron microscopy: Vol 5, Biological applications. Van Nostrand-Reinhold, Princeton NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weibel ER, Bolender RP (1973) Stereological techniques for electron microscopic morphometry. In: Hayat MA (ed) Principles and techniques of electron microscopy. Vol 3, Biological applications. Van Nostrand-Reinhold Co., Princeton NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitson SW (1977) Zinc osmium iodide (ZnlOs): A modification of technique and progress toward a mechanism of staining. J Cell Biol 75:247a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wischnitzer S (1973) The electron microscope. In: Hayat MA (ed) Principles and techniques of electron microscopy: Vol 3, Biological applications. Van Nostrand-Reinhold, Princeton, NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolosewick JJ, Porter KR (1979) Microtubular lattice of the cytoplasmic ground substance. J Cell Biol 82:114–139.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. M. Locke
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. P. Huie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, 92521, USA

    Thomas A. Miller

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1980 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Locke, M., Huie, P. (1980). Ultrastructure Methods in Cuticle Research. In: Miller, T.A. (eds) Cuticle Techniques in Arthropods. Springer Series in Experimental Entomology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-6076-9_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-6076-9_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-6078-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-6076-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation