Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Insect Life History Patterns pp 151–181Cite as

Organization of a Guild of Sap-feeding Insects: Equilibrium vs. Nonequilibrium Coexistence

  • Conference paper

Part of the book series: Proceedings in Life Sciences ((LIFE SCIENCES))

Abstract

The great majority of ecological literature assumes that communities are in equilibrium and that interspecific competition plays a primary role in their organization (e.g., Lotka 1931, Gause 1934, Slobodkin 1961, MacArthur and Wilson 1967, Schoener 1974, Hutchinson 1977). For insects, several hypotheses have been invoked when attempting to explain coexistence under equilibrium conditions. McClure and Price (1975) suggest that coexistence in a guild of sycamore-feeding leafhoppers may be partially explained by frequency-dependent competitive ability, since at high densities each species adversely affects its own fitness more than that of its competitors. However, by far the most common explanation for equilibrium existence is resource partitioning, whereby species reduce interspecific competition by exploiting different aspects of resources (e.g., Connell 1961, MacArthur 1972, Cody 1974, Schoener 1974, Harper 1977, Diamond 1978). As Strong points out in his contribution (Chapter 10), competition has been invoked primarily by ecologists working with vertebrates, plants or marine organisms rather than insects.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adams, D. A.: Factors influencing vascular plant zonation in North Carolina salt marshes. Ecology 44, 445–456 (1963).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Auclair, J. L.: Feeding and nutrition of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), with special reference to amino acids. Symp. Biol. Hung. 16, 29–34 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  • Blum, J. L.: Salt marsh spatinas and associated algae. Ecol. Monogr. 38, 199–221 (1968).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brinkhurst, R. O.: Observations on wing-polymorphism in the Heteroptera. Proc. Roy. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 38, 15–22 (1963).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, J. H.: Geographical ecology of desert rodents. In: Ecology and Evolution of Communities. Cody, M. L., Diamond, J. M. (eds.). Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press, 1975, pp. 315–341.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caswell, H.: Predator-mediated coexistence: A non-equilibrium model. Am. Nat. 112, 127–154 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cody, M. L.: Competition and the structure of bird communities. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  • Connell, J. H.: The influence of interspecific competition and other factors on the distribution of the barnacle Chthamalus stellatus. Ecology 42, 710–723 (1961).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Connell, J. H.: Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs. Science 199, 1302–1309 (1978).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, L. V., Gray, I. E.: Zonal and seasonal distribution of insects in North Carolina salt marshes. Ecol. Monogr. 36, 275–295 (1966).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dayton, P. K.: Competition, disturbance, and community organization: The provision and subsequent utilization of space in a rocky intertidal community. Ecol. Monogr. 41,351–389 (1971).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Denno, R. F.: Ecological significance of wing polymorphism in Fulgoroidea which inhabit tidal salt marshes. Ecol. Entomol. 1, 257–266 (1976).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Denno, R. F.: Comparison of the assemblages of sap-feeding insects (Homoptera- Hemiptera) inhabiting two structurally different salt marsh grasses in the genus Spartina. Environ. Entomol. 6, 359–372 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  • Denno, R. F.: The optimum population strategy for planthoppers (Homoptera: Delphacidae) in stable marsh habitats. Can. Entomol. 110, 135–142 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Denno, R. F.: The relation between habitat stability and the migration tactics of planthoppers. Misc. Publ. Entomol. 11, 41–49 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Denno, R. F.: Ecotope differentiation in a guild of sap-feeding insects on the salt marsh grass, Spartina patens. Ecology 61, 702–714 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Denno, R. F., Grissell, E. E.: The adaptiveness of wing-dimorphism in the salt marsh- inhabiting planthopper, Prokelisia marginata (Homopetera: Delphacidae). Ecology 60,221–236 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Denno, R. F., Raupp, M. J., Tallamy, D. W., Reichelderfer, C. F.: Migration in heterogeneous environments: Differences in habitat selection between the wing-forms of the dimorphic planthopper, Profcdww marginata (Homptera: Delphacidae). Ecology 61,859–867 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diamond, J. M.: Niche shift and the rediscovery of interspecific competition. Am. Sci. 66,322–331 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dixon, A. F. G.: Quality and availability of food for a sycamore aphid populations. In: Animal Populations in Relation to their Food Resources. Watson, A. (ed.). Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publ., 1969, pp. 271–287.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gause, G. F.: The Struggle for Existence. Baltimore, Md.: Williams and Wilkins, 1934.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hair, J. D., Holmes, J. C.: The usefulness of measures of diversity, niche width and niche overlap in the analysis of helminth communities of waterfowl. Acta Parasitol. Pol. 23,253–269 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • Harper, J. L.: Population Biology of Plants. New York: Academic Press, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmes, J. C.: Site selection by parasitic helminths: Interspecific interactions, site segregation, and their importance to the development of helminth communities. Can. J. Zool. 51, 333–347 (1973).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horsfield, D.: Relationships between feeding of Philaenus spumarius (L.) and the amino acid concentration in the xylem sap. Ecol. Entomol. 2, 259–266 (1977).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horwitz, W.: Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. Agric. Chemists, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hubbell, S. P.: Tree dispersion, abundance, and diversity in a tropical dry forest. Science 203, 1299–1309 (1979).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, G. E.: The concept of pattern in ecology. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. USA 105, 1–12 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, G. E.: Homage to Santa Rosalia or why are there so many kinds of animals? Am. Nat. 93, 145–159 (1959).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, G. E.: An Introduction to Population Ecology. New Haven, Conn.: Yale Univ. Press, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, C. G.: Migration and Dispersal of Insects by Flight. London: Methuen, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, C. R.: The regulation of fish parasite populations. In: Regulation of Parasite Populations. Esch, G. W. (ed.). New York: Academic Press, 1977, pp. 63–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kisimoto, R.: Factors determining the wing-form of adult, with special reference to the effect of crowding during the larval period of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stal. Studies on the polymorphism in the planthoppers (Homoptera, Areopidae). I. Oyo-Kontyu 12, 105–111 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kisimoto, R.: Studies on the polymorphism and its role playing in the population growth of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stal. Bull. Shikohu Agric. Exp. Stn. 13, 1–106 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lotka, A. J.: The structure of a growing population. Hum. Biol. 3, 459–493 (1931).

    Google Scholar 

  • MacArthur, R. H.: Geographical Ecology-Patterns in the Distribution of Species. London: Harper and Row, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacArthur, R. H., Wilson, E. O.: The Theory of Island Biogeography. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  • May, R. M.: Stability and Complexity in Model Ecosystems. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • May, Y. Y.: The biology and population ecology of Stenocranus minutus (Fab.) (Delphacidae, Hemiptera). Ph.D. Dissertation, University of London, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  • McClure, M. S.: Population dynamics of the red pine scale, Matsucoccus resinosae (Homoptera: Margarodidae): The influence of resinosis. Environ. Entomol. 6, 789–795 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  • McClure, M. S.: Self-regulation in hemlock scale populations: Role of food quantity and quality. Misc. Publ. Entomol. 11, 33–39 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • McClure, M. S., Price, P. W.: Competition and coexistence among sympatric Erythro- neura leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) on American sycamore. Ecology 56, 1388–1397 (1975).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McClure, M. S., Price, P. W.: Ecotype characteristics of coexisting Erythroneura leaf- hoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) on sycamore. Ecology 57, 928–940 (1976).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, W. R., Egler, F. E.: Vegetation of the Wequetequock-pawcatuck tidemarshes, Connecticut. Ecol. Monogr. 20, 143–172 (1950).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitsuhashi, J., Koyama, K.: Effects of amino acids on the oviposition of the Smaller Brown Planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). Entomol. Exp. Appl. 22, 156–160 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mittler, T.: Studies on the feeding and nutrition of Tuberolachnus salignus (Gmelin) (Homoptera: Aphididae). II. The nitrogen and sugar composition of ingested phloem sap and excreted honeydew. J. Exp. Biol. 35, 74–84 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mobberley, D. G.: Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Spartina. J. Sci. Iowa St. Coll. 30,471–574 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mochida, O.: The characters of the two wing-forms of Javesella pellucida (F) (Homoptera: Delphacidae), with special reference to reproduction. Trans. Roy. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 125, 177–225 (1973).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nasu, S.: The Virus Diseases of the Rice Plant. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Price, P. W.: Evolutionary Biology of Parasites. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raupp, M. J., Denno, R. F.: The influence of patch size on a guild of sap-feeding insects that inhabit the salt marsh grass Spartina patens. Environ. Entomol. 8, 412–417(1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Redfield, A. C.: Development of a New England salt marsh. Ecol. Monogr. 42, 201–237 (1972).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rey, J. R.: Ecological biogeography of arthropods on small islands in northwest Florida. Ecology (1981) (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenzweig, M. L., Sterner, P.: Population ecology of desert rodent communities: Body size and seed husking as bases for heteromyid coexistence. Ecology 51,217–224 (1970).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schoener, T. W.: Resource partitioning in ecological communities. Science 185, 27–39 (1974).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simberloff, D. S.: Experimental zoogeography of islands: A model for insular colonization. Ecology 50, 296–314 (1969).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simberloff, D. S.: Experimental zoogeography of islands: Effects of island size. Ecology 57,629–648 (1976).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simberloff, D., Boecklen, W.: A bum rap for Santa Rosalia: Size ratios and competition. Am. Nat. (1981) (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Simberloff, D. S., Wilson, E. O.: Experimental zoogeography of islands: The colonization of empty islands. Ecology 50, 278–296 (1969).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simberloff, D. S., Wilson, E. O.: Experimental zoogeography of islands: A two-year record of colonization. Ecology 51, 934–937 (1970).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skellam, J. G.: Random dispersal in theoretical populations. Biometrica 38, 196–218 (1951).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Slobodkin, L. B.: Growth and Regulation of Animal Populations. New York: Holt, Reinhart and Winston, 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  • Southwood, T. R. E.: Migration of terrestrial arthoropods in relation to habitat. Biol. Rev. 37, 171–214 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strong, D. R.: Insect species richness: hispine beetles of Heliconia latispatha. Ecology 58, 573–582 (1977a).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strong, D. R.: Rolled-leaf hispine beetles (Chrysomelidae) and their Zingiberales host plants in Middle America. Biotropica 9, 156–169 (1977b).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tallamy, D. W., Denno, R. F.: Responses of sap-feeding insects (Homoptera-Hemiptera) to simplification of host plant structure. Environ. Entomol. 8, 1021–1028 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsai, P., Hwang, F., Feng, W., Fu, Y., Dong, Q.: Study onDelphacodes striatella Fallen (Homoptera, Delphacidae) in north China. Acta Entomol. Sin. 13, 552–571 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • van Emden, H. F.: Studies on the relations of insect and host plant. III. A comparison of the reproduction of Brevicoryne brassicae and Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Brussels sprout plants supplied with different rates of nitrogen and potassium. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 9, 444–460 (1966).

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Robert F. Denno
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Michael J. Raupp
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Douglas W. Tallamy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, 20742, College Park, Maryland, USA

    Robert F. Denno

  2. Department of Zoology, University of Iowa, 52242, Iowa City, Iowa, USA

    Hugh Dingle

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1981 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this paper

Cite this paper

Denno, R.F., Raupp, M.J., Tallamy, D.W. (1981). Organization of a Guild of Sap-feeding Insects: Equilibrium vs. Nonequilibrium Coexistence. In: Denno, R.F., Dingle, H. (eds) Insect Life History Patterns. Proceedings in Life Sciences. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5941-1_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5941-1_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-5943-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-5941-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation