Abstract
The basic thermodynamic relations for systems of variable composition were first derived by J. Willard Gibbs in his memoir entitled On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances (1874–1878). From the differential equation expressing the relation between the energy, the entropy, and the masses of the components of a homogeneous system of variable composition Gibbs then derived the conditions of equilibrium in a heterogeneous system, and from these equilibrium conditions he obtained the phase rule.
Part of the material in this article was presented in a lecture in the Department of the Geophysical Sciences of the University of Chicago on June 1, 1979.
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Tunell, G. (1981). The Operational Basis and Mathematical Derivation of the Gibbs Differential Equation, Which is the Fundamental Equation of Chemical Thermodynamics. In: Newton, R.C., Navrotsky, A., Wood, B.J. (eds) Thermodynamics of Minerals and Melts. Advances in Physical Geochemistry, vol 1. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5871-1_1
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