Abstract
Barium studies of the gastrointestinal tract are the contrast examinations most frequently performed by radiologists. The inert nature of barium sulfate and its use as a suspension of insoluble particles make the routine examination of the gastrointestinal tract the safest of radiologic contrast examinations. Complications of these studies are very infrequent considering the vast numbers performed—more than 10 million in 1964 (1).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Gitlin JN, Lawrence PS: Population exposure to x-rays. Washington: USPHS Publ 1519, 1964
Govindiah D, Bhaskar GR: An unusual case of barium poisoning. Antiseptic 69: 675–677, 1972
McNally WD: Two deaths from the administration of barium salts. JAMA 84: 1805–1807, 1925
Berning J: Hypokalemia of barium poisoning. Lancet 1: 110, 1975
Corby C, Camps FF: Therapeutic accidents during the administration of barium enemas. J Forensic Med 7: 206–220, 1960
Felson B: Radiologist on the rocks. Semin Roentgenol 4: 361–363, 1973
Amberg JR, Unger JD: Contamination of barium sulfate suspension. Radiology 97: 182–183, 1970
Meyers PH: Contamination of barium enema apparatus during its use. JAMA 173: 1589–1590, 1960
Steinbach HL, Rousseau R, McCormack KR, et al: Transmission of enteric pathogens by barium enemas. JAMA 174: 1207–1208, 1960
Steinbach HL, Burhenne HJ: Performing the barium enema: Equipment, preparation and contrast medium. Am J Roentgenol 87: 644–654, 1962
Puyleart CBAJ: Barium perforation of a peptic ulcer and barium granuloma of the colon. Radiol Clin Biol 38: 84–95, 1969
Schilling JA: Perforation of a duodenal ulcer during roentgen examination. Surgery 20: 730–743, 1946
Killingback M: Acute large bowel obstruction precipated by barium x-ray examination. Med J Aust 2: 503–508, 1964
Ansell G (ed): Complications in Diagnostic Radiology. Oxford: Blackwell 1976, p 334
Serjeant JCB, Raymond JA: Perforation of apparently normal colon after a barium meal. Lancet 263: 1245–1246, 1952
Prout BJ, Datta SB, Wilson TS: Colonic retention of barium in the elderly after barium meal examination and its treatment with lactulose. Br Med J 4: 530–533, 1970
Young MO: Acute appendicitis following retention of barium in the appendix. Arch Surg 77: 1011–1014, 1958
Dixon GD, Ferris DO, Hodgson JR: Unusual complications of barium studies: Report of a case of adherent cecal barolith. Am J Roentgenol 99: 106–111, 1967
Schabel SI, Skucas J: Esophageal obstruction following administration of “aged” barium sulfate tablets-A warning. Radiology 122: 835–836, 1977
Willson JKV, Rubin PS, McGee TM: The effects of barium sulfate on the lungs. A clinical and experimental study. Am J Roentgenol 82: 84–94, 1959
Huston J, Wallach DP, Cunningham GJ: Pulmonary reaction to barium sulfate in rats. Arch Pathol 54: 430–438, 1952
Nelson SW: Facts versus folklore. Am J Surg 109: 543–545, 1965
Chiu CL, Gambach RR: Hypaque pulmonary edema. Radiology 111: 91–92, 1974
Ansell G: A national survey of radiological complications: Interim report. Clin Radiol 19:175– 191, 1968
Mahboubi S, Gohel VK, Dalinka MK, et al: Barium embolization following upper gastrointestinal examination. Radiology 114: 301–302, 1974
Gelfand DW, Moskowitz M: Massive gastric dilatation complicating hypotonic duodenography. A report of three cases. Radiology 97: 637–639, 1970
Jacobson G, Berne CJ, Meyers HI, et al: The examination of patients with suspected perforated ulcer using a water soluble contrast medium. Am J Roentgenol 86: 37–49, 1961
Margulis AR: Contrast media. The present status of water-soluble iodine-containing material in the examination of acute abdominal disease. Calif Med 110: 193–199, 1969
Ross LS: Precipitation of meglumine diatrizoate 76% (Gastrografin) in the stomach. Radiology 105: 19–22, 1972
Hugh TB, Hennessey WB, Sunner BW, et al: Precipitation of contrast medium causing impaction of Sengstaken Blakemore oesophageal tube. Med J Aust 1: 60–61, 1970
Gallitano AL, Kondi ES, Phillips E, et al: Near fatal hemorrhage following Gastrografin studies. Radiology 118: 35–36, 1976
Harris PD, Neuhauser EDB, Gerth R: The osmotic effect of water-soluble media on circulating plasma volume. Am J Roentgenol 91: 694–698, 1964
Elman S, Palayew MJ: Assessment of biochemical and hematologic changes to oral administration of an iodinated contrast medium. Invest Radiol 8: 322–325, 1975
Seaman WB, Wells J: Complications of the barium enema. Gastroenterology 48: 728–737, 1965
Norland CC, Kirsner JB: Toxic dilatation of the colon (toxic megacolon): Etiology, treatment and prognosis in 42 patients. Medicine 48: 229–250, 1969
Lorinc P, Brahme F: Perforation of the colon during examination by the double contrast method. Gastroenterology 37: 770–773, 1959
Welin S, Welin G: The double contrast examination of the colon. Experiences with the Welin modification. Stuttgart: Thieme 1976, p 17
Santulli TV: Perforation of the rectum or colon in infancy due to enema. Pediatrics 23: 972–975, 1959
DeCarlo J: Complications associated with diagnostic barium enema. Surgery 47: 965–969, 1960
Spector GW, Susman N: The roentgen recognition of intramural perforation following barium enema examination in obstructing lesions of the sigmoid. Am J Roentgenol 89: 876–879, 1963
Spiro RK: Perforation of the rectum following barium enema. Am J Gastroenterol 30: 540–543, 1958
Zheutlin N, Lasser EC, Rigler LG: Clinical studies on the effect of barium in the peritoneal cavity following rupture of the colon. Surgery 32: 967–979, 1952
Masel H, Masel JP, Casey KV: A survey of colon examination techniques in Australia and New Zealand with a review of complications. Aust Radiol 15: 140–147, 1971
Westfall RH, Nelson RH, Musselman MM: Barium peritonitis. Am J Surg 112: 760–763, 1966
Winsky AD, Robinson FW: Barium peritonitis, Kans Med Soc J 112: 426–428, 1966
Yudis M, Cohen A, Pearce AE: Perforation of the transverse colon during barium enema examination and air contrast studies. Am Surg 34:334– 336, 1968
Becker MH, Genieser NB, Clark H: Perforation of the colon during barium enema. NY State J Med 67: 278–282, 1967
Pyle R, Samuel E: An evaluation of the hazards of barium enema examinations. Clin Radiol 11: 192–196, 1960
Kiser JL, Spratt JS, Johnson CA: Colon perforations occurring during sigmoidoscopic examinations and barium enemas. Mo Med 65:969– 974, 1968
DeBoer HHM, Speyer B: Perforatie van het rectum tijdens het maken van colon-inloopfotos. Ned Tidschr Geneeskd 112: 1026–1029, 1968
Vieta JO, Bell-Thomson J: Barium peritonitis. Am J Gastroenterol 63: 414–419, 1975
Kleinsasser LJ, Warshaw H: Perforation of the sigmoid colon during barium enema. Am Surg 135: 560–565, 1952
Seaman WB, Bragg DB: Colonic intramural barium: A complication of the barium enema examination. Radiology 89: 250–255, 1967
Gardiner H, Miller RE: Barium peritonitis. A new therapeutic approach. Am J Surg 125: 350–352, 1973
Cameron HC: Barium proctitis. Proc Soc Med 57: 399–400, 1964
Porter EC: The risk of barium enema. J Maine Med Assoc 51: 422–423, 1960
Dubarry JJ, Martin PL, Broussin J, et al: Un accident imprevu du lavement baryte: 1’infiltration parietale et lymphatique du rectum. J Radiol Electrol Med Nucl 46: 800–802, 1965
Nelson JA, Daniels AV, Dodds WJ: Rectal balloons: Complications, causes and recommendations. Invest Radiol 14: 48–59, 1979
Pratt JH, Jackman RJ: Perforation of the rectal wall by enema tips. Proc Mayo Clin 20: 277, 1945
Burrows EH: An unusual pelvic opacity. Br J Radiol 35: 287–289, 1962
Brown S, Fine A: Diffuse emphysema following a double-contrast enema. Radiology 37: 228–229, 1941
Shapiro JH, Rifkin H: Perforation of the colon during a barium-enema study. Development of retroperitoneal mediastinal and cervical emphysema. Am J Dig Dis 1: 430–436, 1956
Neveroske RJ: Perforation of a normal colon by too much pressure. J Indiana State Med Assoc 65: 23–25, 1972
Neveroske RJ: Perforation of the rectosigmoid by a Bardex balloon catheter. Am J Roetgenol 96: 326–331, 1966
Hartman AW, Hills WJ: Rupture of the colon in infants during barium enema: Report of two cases. Ann Surg 154: 712–717, 1957
Dibbell DG, Cohn R: Perforation of the colon during hydrostatic reduction. Am J Surg 111: 715–717, 1966
Geigle CF: Rectal perforations during administration of barium enemas: Report of three cases. Dis Colon Rectum 13: 29–30, 1970
Berk JE: Perforation following barium enema. JAMA 148: 766, 1952
Goldston AB, Blast L, Hands S: Perforation of the large bowel during routine barium enema studies. Tex Med 64: 52–56, 1968
Portin BA, Bernhoft WH: Colon perforation during barium enema: Report of a case. Dis Colon Rectum 6: 308–310, 1963
Hamit HF: Perforation of the colon after barium enema and air contrast studies. Am Surg 21: 1226–1234, 1955
Isaacs I: Intraperitoneal escape of barium enema fluid. Perforation of sigmoid colon. JAMA 150: 645–646, 1952
Koucky J, Beck WC: Acute nonmalignant perforations of the colon. Surgery 7: 674–685, 1940
Greentree LB, Wesley F: Perforation of normal colon by barium enema. Report of a case with uncomplicated survival. Ohio State Med J 58: 1150–1151, 1966
Desaulniers M: Intramural perforation of barium-Transverse colon. J Can Assoc Radiol 29: 194, 1978
Carter RW: Barium granuloma of the rectum: A complication of diagnostic barium enema examination. Am J Roentgenol 89: 880–882, 1963
Carney JA, Stephens DH: Intramural barium (barium granuloma) of colon and rectum. Gastroenterology 65: 316–320, 1973
Broadfoot E, Martin G: Barium granuloma of the rectum. Australas Radiol 21: 50–52, 1977
Fielding JF, Lumsden K: Large bowel perforations in patients undergoing sigmoidoscopy and barium enema. Br Med J 1: 471–473, 1973
Mowat PD: Pneumoperitoneum following double contrast enema. Br J Radiol 40: 230–231, 1967
Gross MD, Howard MA: Perforations of the colon from barium enema. Am Surg 38: 583–585, 1972
Ansell G (ed): Complications in Diagnostic Radiology. Oxford: Blackwell 1976, p 340–344
Staple TW, McAllister WH: Perforation of an atretic colon during barium enema examination. Am J Roentgenol 101: 325–328, 1967
Spiro RH, Hertz RE: Colostomy perforation. Surgery 60: 590–597, 1966
Zatzkin HR, Irwin AL: Nonfatal intravasation of barium. Am J Roentgenol 92: 1169–1172, 1964
Burt CAV: Pneumatic rupture of the intestinal canal. Arch Surg 22: 875–902, 1931
Noveroske RJ: Intracolonic pressures during barium enema examination. Am J Roentgenol 91: 852–863, 1964
Nahrwold DL, Isch JH, Benner DA, et al: Effect of fluid administration and operation on the mortality rate in barium peritonitis. Surgery 70:778– 781, 1971
Almond CH, Cochran DQ, Shucart WA: Comparative study of the effects of various radiographic contrast media on the peritoneal cavity. Ann Surg 154: 219–224, 1961
Cochran DQ, Almond CH, Shucart WA: An experimental study of barium and intestinal contents on the peritoneal cavity. Am J Roentgenol 89: 883–887, 1963
Westfall RH, Nelson RH, Musselman MM: Barium peritonitis. Am J Surg 112: 760–763, 1966
Cuevas P, Fine J: Role of intraintestinal endotoxin in death from peritonitis. Surg Gynecol Obstet 134: 953–957, 1972
Mullin HJ, Thoeni RF, Quan SH: Timing of barium enema studies following sigmoidoscopy (letter and replies). JAMA 241: 941, 1979
Matek W, Fruhmorgen P, Fuchs HF: Barium enema with subsequent perforation of the rectum following rectoscopic biopsy. Endoscopy 10: 132–136, 1978
Cave JK, Snyder RN: Fatal barium intravasation during barium enema. Radiology 112: 9–10, 1974
Isaacs I, Nisser R, Epstein BS: Liver abscess resulting from barium enema in a case of chronic ulcerative colitis. NY State J Med 50: 332–334, 1950
Truemner KM, White S, Vanlandingham H: Fatal embolization of pulmonary capillaries. Report of a case associated with routine barium enema. JAMA 173: 1089–1092, 1960
Kaufman SA: Retrograde vaginal filling during barium enema. Am J Dig Dis 10: 732–736, 1965
Peterson CA, Cayler CG: Water intoxication. Report of a case following a barium enema. Am J Roentgenol 77: 69–70, 1957
Steinbach HL, Rosenberg RH, Grossman M, et al: The potential hazards of enemas in patients with Hirschsprung’s disease. Radiology 64: 45–50, 1955
Richards MR, Hiatt RB: Untoward effects of enemata in congenital megacolon. Pediatrics 12: 253–256, 1953
Wasterlain CG, Posner JB: Cerebral edema in water intoxication. I. Clinical and chemical observations. Arch Neurol 19: 71–78, 1968
Hamilton JB: The use of tannic acid in barium enemas. Am J Roentgenol 56: 101–103, 1946
McAlister WH, Anderson MS, Bloomberg GR, et al: Lethal effects of tannic acid in the barium enema. Report of three fatalities and experimental studies. Radiology 80: 765–773, 1963
Lucke HH, Hodge KE, Patt NL: Fatal liver damage after barium enema containing tannic acid. Can Med Assoc J 89: 1111–1114, 1963
Rambo ON, Zboralske FF, Harris PA, et al: Toxicity studies of tannic acid administered by enema. I. Effects of the enema-administered tannic acid on the colon and liver of rats. Am J Roentgenol 96: 488–497, 1966
Harris PA, Zboralske FF, Rambo ON, et al: Toxicity studies on tannic acid administered by enema. II. The colon absorbtion and intraperitoneal toxicity of tannic acid and its hydrolytic products in rats. Am J Roentgenol 96: 498–504, 1966
Zboralske FF, Harris PA, Riegelman S, et al: Toxicity studies of tannic acid administered by enema. III. Studies on the retention of enemas in humans. IV. Review and conclusions. Am J Roentgenol 96: 505–509, 1966
Janower ML, Robbins LL, Tomchik FS, et al: Tannic acid and the barium enema. Radiology 85: 887–894, 1965
Kemp Harper RA, Pemberton J. Tobias JS: Serial liver function tests following barium enemas containing 1% tannic acid. Clin Radiol 24: 315–317, 1973
Staab EV, Vix VA: Serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase levels following tannic acid enemas. Radiology 84: 1087–1089, 1965
Kees CJ, Hester CL: Portal vein gas following barium enema exam. Radiology 102: 525–526, 1972
Sadhu VK, Brennan RE, Nadan V: Portal vein gas following air-contrast barium enema in granulomatous colitis: Report of a case. Gastrointest Radiol 4: 163–164, 1979
Butt J, Hentges D, Pelican G, et al: Bacteremia during barium enema study. Am J Roentgenol 130: 715–718, 1978
Le Frock JL, Ellis CA, Klainer AS, Transient bacteremia associated with barium enema. Arch Intern Med 135: 835–837, 1975
Schimmel DH, Hanelin LG, Cohen S, et al: Bacteremia and the barium enema. Am J Roentgenol 128: 207–208, 1977
Pelican G. Hentges D, Butt J, et al: Bacteremia during colonoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 23: 33–35, 1976
Cook GB, Margulis AR: Silicone-foam diagnostic enema. I. Assessment with surgical specimens of human sigmoid colon. Surgery 50:513– 518, 1961
Cook GB, Margulis AR: Use of silicone foam for examining the human sigmoid colon. Am J Roentgenol 87: 633–643, 1962
Spjut HJ, Margulis AR, Cook CB: Silicone foam enema: Source for exfoliative cytologic specimens. Acta Cytol 7: 79–84, 1963
Amberg JR: A hazard of silicone foam diagnostic enema. Report of a case with perforation of the colon. Am J Roentgenol 99: 96–97, 1967
Rowe MI, Seagram G, Weinberger M: Gastrografin-induced hypertonicity. Am J Surg 125: 183–188, 1973
Harris PD, Neuhauser EBD, Gerth R: The osmotic effect of water-soluble media on circulating plasma volume. Am J Roentgenol 91: 694–698, 1964
Pike BF, Phillipi PJ, Lawsen EH: Soap colitis. N Engl J Med 285: 217–218, 1971
Bendit M: Gangrene of the rectum as a complication of an enema. Br Med J 1: 664, 1945
Berk RN, Loeb PM, Goldberger LE, et al: Oral cholecystography with iopanoic acid. N Engl J Med 290: 204–210, 1974
White WW, Fischer HW: A double blind study of oragrafin and telepaque. Am J Roentgenol 87: 745–748, 1962
Juhl JH, Cooperman LR, Crummy AB: Oragrafin, a new cholecystography medium. Radiology 80: 87–91, 1963
Russell JG, Frederick PR: Clinical comparison of tyropanoate sodium, ipodate sodium and iopanoic acid. Radiology 112: 519–523, 1974
Parks RE: Double-blind study of four oral cholecystography preparations. Radiology 112: 525–528, 1974
Stanley RJ, Melson GL, Cubillo E, et al: A comparison of three cholecystography agents. Radiology 112: 513–517, 1974
Krook PM, Bush Jr WH: Single dose oral cholecystography. Radiology 127: 643–644, 1978
Shehadi WH: Clinical problems and toxicity of contrast agents. Am J Roentgenol 97: 762–771, 1966
Teplick JG, Myerson RM, Sanen FJ: Acute renal failure following oral cholecystography. Acta Radiol 3: 353–369, 1965
Sanen FJ, Myerson RM, Teplick JG: Etiology of serious reactions to oral cholecystography. Arch Intern Med 113: 241–247, 1964
Rene RM, Mellinkoff SM: Renal insufficiency after oral cholecystography of a double dose of a cholecystographic medium. N Engl J Med 261: 589–592, 1959
Setter JG, Maher JF, Schreiner GE: Acute renal failure following cholecystography. JAMA 184: 102–110, 1963
Harrow BR, Sloane JA: Acute renal failure following oral cholecystography. Am J Med Sci 249: 26–35, 1965
Harrow BR, Winslow OP: Renal toxicity following oral cholecystography with oragrafin (Ipoate calcium). Radiology 87: 721–724, 1966
Duggan FJ Jr, Rohner TJ Jr: Acute renal insufficiency following oral cholecystography. J Urol 109: 156–159, 1973
Ansari Z, Baldwin DS: Acute renal failure due to radio-contrast agents. Nephron 17: 28–40, 1976
Malt RA, Olken HG, Goade Jr WJ: Renal tubular necrosis after oral cholecystography. Arch Surg 87: 743–746, 1963
Fink Jr HE, Roenigk WJ, Wilson GP: An experimental investigation of the nephrotoxic effects of oral cholecystographic agents. Am J Med Sci 247: 201–216, 1964
Postlethwaite AE, Kelley WN: Uricsuric effect of radiocontrast agents. Ann Intern Med 74:845– 852, 1971
Gelfand DW, Ott DJ, Klein A: Massive iopanoic acid (Telepaque) overdose without ill effects. Am J Roentgenol 130: 1174–1175, 1978
Robbins AH, Earampamoorthy S, Koff RS, et al: Successful intravenous cholecystocholangiography in the jaundiced patient using meglumine iodoxamate (Cholovue). Am J Roentgenol 126: 70–76, 1976
Loeb PM, Barnhart JL, Berk RN: Iotroxamide—A new intravenous cholangiography agent. Radiology 125: 323–329, 1977
Shehadi WH: Adverse reactions to intravascularly administered contrast media. Am J Roentgenol 124: 145–152, 1975
Johnson JH Jr, Wise RE: Intravenous cholangiography: A study of reactions to iodipamide methylglucamine. Lahey Clin Bull 13: 245–250, 1964
Peters GA, Hodgson JR, Donovan RJ: The effect of premedication with chlorpheniramine on reactions to methylglucamine iodipamide. J Allergy 38: 74–83, 1966
Scholz FJ, Johnston DO, Wise, RE: Intravenous cholangiography. Optimum dosage and methodology. Radiology 114: 513–518, 1975
Cogen FC, Zweiman B: Adverse radiographic contrast media reactions. Compr Ther 4: 50–56, 1978
Ansell G: Adverse reactions to contrast agents. Invest Radiol 5: 374–391, 1970
Stillman AE: Hepatotoxic reaction to iodipamide meglumine injection. JAMA 228: 1420–1421, 1974
Sutherland LR, Edwards LA, Medline A, et al: Meglumine iodipamide (Cholografin) hepatotoxicity. Ann Intern Med 86: 437–439, 1977
Craft IL, Swales JD: Renal failure after cholangiography. Br Med J 2: 736–738, 1967
Gold CH, Abrahams C. Cohen I: Acute renal failure following intravenous cholangiography. S Afr Med J 45: 1400–1402, 1971
Brown RC, Cohen WN: Acute renal failure following intravenous cholangiography. South Med J 66: 1142–1144, 1973
Sargent EN, Barbour BH, Espinosa N, et al: Evaluation of renal function following double dose infusion intravenous cholangiography. Am J Roentgenol 117: 412–418, 1973
Nebel OT, Silvis SE, Rogers G, et al: Complications associated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Gastrointest Endosc 22: 34–36, 1975
Bilbao MK, Dotter CT, Lee TG, et al: Complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Gastroenterology 70:314– 320, 1976
Kessler RE, Falkenstein DB, Clemett AR, et al: Indications, clinical value and complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Surg Gynecol Obstet 142: 865–870, 1976
Seifert E: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopan-creatography. Am J Gastroenterol 68: 542–549, 1977
Ihre T, Hellers G: Complications and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Acta Chir Scand 143: 167–171, 1977
Standerskjöld-Nordenstam CG, Fräki Ol: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in a surgical unit. Ann Clin Res 10: 30–37, 1978
Zimmon DS, Falkenstein DB, Riccobono C, et al: Complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Gastroenterology 69: 303–309, 1975
Ammann RW, Deyhle P, Butikofer E: Fatal necrotizing pancreatitis after peroral cholangiopan-creatography. Gastroenterology 64: 320–323, 1973
Tseng A, Sales DJ, Simonowitz DA, et al: Pancreas abscess: A fatal complication of endoscopic cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Endoscopy 9: 250–253. 1977
Goldberg HI, Bilbao MK, Stewart ET, et al: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Am J Dig Dis 21: 270–278, 1976
Cotton PB: Progress report ERCP. Gut 18:316– 341, 1977
James EC, Collin DB: Sepsis complications in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Am Surg 42: 229–232, 1976
Wind GG, Rubin P, Waye JD, et al: Pancreatic pseudocyst: Is endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography contraindicated? Mt Sinai J Med 43: 558–564, 1976
Davis JL, Milligan FD, Cameron JL: Septic complications following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Surg Gynecol Obstet 140: 365–367, 1975
Lam SK, Tsui JKC, Chan PKW, et al: How often does bacteraemia occur following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)? Endoscopy 9: 231–234, 1977
Joseph WL, Golding AL, Mulder DG: Complications of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. Am Surg 31: 679–682, 1965
Flemma RJ, Shingleton WW: Clinical experience with percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. Am J Surg 111: 13–19, 1966
Mujahed Z, Evans JA: Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. Radiol Clin North Am 4: 535–545, 1966
Gothlin J, Tranberg K: Complications of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC). Am J Roentgenol 117: 426–431, 1973
Burcharth F, Christiansen L, Efsen F, et al: Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography in diagnostic evaluation of 160 jaundiced patients. Am J Surg 133: 559–561, 1977
Cahow CE, Burrell M, Greco R: Hemobilia following percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. Ann Surg 185: 235–241, 1977
Keighley MRB, Wilson G, Kelly JP: Fatal endo- toxic shock of biliary track origin complicating transhepatic cholangiography. Br Med J 3:147– 148, 1973
Koch RL, Gorder JL: Bile-blood fistula: A complication of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. Radiology 93: 67–68, 1969
Redman HC, Joseph RR: Hemobilia and pancreatitis as complications of a percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram. Am J Dig Dis 20:691– 698, 1975
Hines C Jr, Ferrante WA, Davis WD Jr, Tutton RA: Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. Am J Dig Dis 17: 868–874, 1972
Seldinger SI: Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. Acta Radiol (Suppl) 253: 1–134, 1966
Nakayama T, Ikeda A, Okuda K: Percutaneous transhepatic drainage of the biliary tract. Gastroenterology 74: 554–559, 1978
Ring EJ, Oleaga JA, Freiman DB, et al: Therapeutic applications of catheter cholangiography. Radiology 128: 333–338, 1978
Fraser GM, Cruikshank JG, Sumerling MD, et al: Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography with the Chiba needle. Clin Radiol 29: 101–112, 1978
Ferrucci JT Jr, Wittenberg J: Refinements in Chiba needle transhepatic cholangiography. Am J Roentgenol 129: 11–16, 1977
Ariyama J, Shirakabe H. Ohashi K, et al: Experience with percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography using the Japanese needle. Gastrointest Radiol 2: 359–365, 1978
Goldstein LI, Kadell BM, Weiner M: Thin needle cholangiography. Ann Surg 186: 602–606, 1977
Pereiras R Jr, Chiprut RO, Greenwaid RA, et al: Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography with the ‘’skinny needle. Ann Intern Med 86:562– 568, 1977
Jain S. Long RG, Scott J, et al: Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography using the “Chiba” needl-80 cases. Br J Radiol 50: 175–180, 1977
Okuda K, Tanikawa K, Emura T, et al: Nonsurgical, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography-Diagnostic significance in medical problems of the liver. Am J Dig Dis 19: 21–35, 1974
Juler GL, Conroy RM, Fuelleman RW: Bile leakage following percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography with the Chiba needle. Arch Surg 112: 954–958, 1977
Moskowitz H, Polivy C. Hackford AW, et al: Complications of “Chiba” needle transhepatic cholangiography. Br J Radiol 51: 541–543, 1978
Okuda K, Musha H, Nakajima Y, et al: Frequency of intrahepatic arteriovenous fistula as a sequela to percutaneous needle puncture of the liver. Gastroenterology 74: 1204–1207, 1978
Burhenne HJ: Direct cholangiography. In Miller RE, Skucas J: Radiographic Contrast Agents. Baltimore: University Park Press 1977, pp 251– 259
Weigen JF, Thomas SF: Complications of Diagnostic Radiology. Springfield, 111.: Thomas 1973, p 325
Schulenburg CAR: Operative cholangiography: 1,000 cases. Surgery 65: 723–739, 1969
Mazzariello RM: Residual biliary tract stones: Nonoperative treatment of 570 patients. Surg Annu 8: 113–144, 1976
Burhenne HJ: Nonoperative retained biliary tract stone extraction. Am J Roentgenol 117: 388–399, 1973
Burhenne HJ, Richards V, Mathewson C Jr, et al: Nonoperative extraction of retained biliary tract stones requiring multiple sessions. Am J Surg 128: 288–291, 1974
Burhenne HJ: Complications of nonoperative extraction of retained common duct stones. Am J Surg 131: 260–262, 1976
Garrow DG: The removal of retained biliary tract stones: Report of 105 cases. Br J Radiol 50:777– 782, 1977
Lang EK: Prevention and treatment of complications following arteriography. Radiology 88: 950–956, 1967
Lang EK: A survey of the complications of percutaneous retrograde arteriography: Seldinger technic. Radiology 81: 257–263, 1963
Moore CH, Wolma FJ, Brown RW, et al: Complications of cardiovascular radiology: A review of 1,204 cases. Am J Surg 120: 591–593, 1970
Sigstedt B, Lunderquist A: Complications of angiographic examinations. Am J Roentgenol 130: 455–460, 1978
Pollard JJ, Nebesar RA: Abdominal angiography. N Engl J Med 279: 1035–1042, 1968
Fischer HW: Hemodynamic reactions to angiographic media: A survey and commentary. Radiology 91: 66–73, 1968
Older RA, Miller JP, Jackson DC, et al: Angiographically induced renal failure and its radiographic detection. Am J Roentgenol 126:1039– 1045, 1976
Swartz RD, Rubin JE, Leeming BW, failure following major angiography. Am J Med 65: 31–37, 1978
Looney WB: An investigation of the late clinical findings following Thorotrast (thorium dioxide) administration. Am J Roentgenol 83: 163–185, 1960
Gondos B: Late clinical and roentgen observations following Thorotrast administration. Clin Radiol 24: 195–203, 1973
Mann NS, Chaudhry A, Thaler S, et al: Hepatoma induced by thorium dioxide. South Med J 69: 510–512, 1976
Antonovik R, Rosch J, Dotter CT: Complications of percutaneous transaxillary catheterization for arteriography and selective chemotherapy. Am J Roentgenol 126: 386–393, 1976
Bolasny BL, Killen DA: Surgical management of arterial injuries secondary to angiography. Ann Surg 174: 962–964, 1971
Meaney TF: Complications of percutaneous femoral angiography. Geriatrics 29: 61–64, 1974
Grainger RG: Complications of cardiovascular radiological investigations. Br J Radiol 38: 201–215, 1965
Jonsson K, Lunderquist A, Pettersson H, et al: Subintimal injection of contrast medium as a complication of selective abdominal angiography. Acta Radiol 18: 55–64, 1977
Adams DF, Olin TB, Kosek J: Cotton fiber embolization during angiography: A clinical and experimental study. Radiology 84: 678–681, 1965
Jacobsson B, Schlossman D: Angiographic investigation of formation of thrombi on vascular catheters. Radiology 93: 355–359, 1969
Jacobsson B, Schlossman D: Thromboembolism of leg following percutaneous catheterization of femoral artery for angiography: Predisposing factors. Acta Radiol 8: 109–118, 1969
Schwartz S, Waters L: Cholesterol embolization. Radiology 106: 37–41, 1973
Holder JC, Cherry JF: The use of a tip deflecting guide in untying a knotted arterial catheter. Radiology 128: 808–809, 1978
Szilagyi DE, Smith RF, Elliott JP Jr, et al: Translumbar aortography: A study of its safety and usefulness. Arch Surg 112: 399–408, 1977
Gammill S, Craighead C: Translumbar aortography updated. Surg Gynecol Obstet 140: 59–64, 1975
White RI Jr: Fundamentals of vascular radiology. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger 1976, p 64
Bergman AB, Neiman HL: Computed tomography in the detection of retroperitoneal hemorrhage after translumbar aortography. Am J Roentgenol 131: 831–833, 1978
Sagel SS, Siegel MJ, Stanely RJ, et al: Detection of retroperitoneal hemorrhage by computed tomography. Am J Roentgenol 129: 403–407, 1977
Lande A, Meyers MA: Iatrogenic embolization of the superior mesenteric artery: Arteriographic observations and clinical implications. Am J Roentgenol 126: 822–828, 1976
Reuter SR: Development of collateral vessels in an acute occlusion of the common hepatic artery. Am J Roentgenol 97: 473–476, 1966
Harwood-Nash DC, Fitz CR: Complications of pediatric arteriography. In Gyepes MT (ed): Angiography in Infants and Children. New York: Grune & Stratton 1974, p 342
Howland WJ, Curry JL, Wheeler PP: Intra-arte rial administration of procaine hydrochloride after angiography. Potential value in preventing arteriospasm and thrombosis. JAMA 201: 135–138, 1967
Yunis EJ, Landes RR: Hazards of glove powder in renal angiography. JAMA 193: 304–305, 1965
Goldstein HM, Bookstein JJ: Biochemical evaluation of liver and pancreas following selective and subselective angiography. Radiology 111: 293–295, 1974
Castanede-Zuniga WR, Jauregui H, Rysavy JA, et al: Complications of wedge hepatic venography. Radiology 126: 53–56, 1978
Lunderquist A, Eriksson M, Ingemansson S, et al: Selective pancreatic vein catheterization for hormone assay in endocrine tumors of the pancreas. Cardiovasc Radiol 1: 117–124, 1978
Viamonte M Jr, Pereiras R, Russell E, et al: Transhepatic obliteration of gastroesophageal varices: Results in acute and nonacute bleeders. Am J Roentgenol 129: 237–241, 1977
Widrich WC, Johnson WC, Robbins AH, et al: Esophagogastric variceal hemorrhage: Its treatment by percutaneous transhepatic coronary vein occlusion. Arch Surg 113: 1331–1338, 1978
Burcharth F, Nielbo N, Andersen B: Percutaneous transhepatic portography. II. Comparison with splenoportography in portal hypertension. Am J Roentgenol 132: 183–185, 1979
Foster JH, Conkle DM, Crane JM, et al: Splenoportography: An assessment of its value and risk. Ann Surg 179: 773–781, 1974
Panke WF, Bradley EG, Moreno AH, et al: Technique, hazards, and usefulness of percutaneous splenic portography. JAMA 169:1032– 1037, 1959
Burcharth F: Percutaneous transhepatic portography. I. Technique and application. Am J Roentgenol 132: 177–182, 1979
Viamonte M Jr, LePage J, Lunderquist A, et al: Selective catheterization of the portal vein and its tributaries: Preliminary report. Radiology 114: 457–460, 1975
Boijsen E, Efsing HO: Intrasplenic arterial aneurysms following splenoportal phlebography. Acta Radiol 6: 487–496, 1967
Roberts C, Maddison FE: Partial mesenteric arterial occlusion with subsequent ischemic bowel damage due to Pitressin infusion. Am J Roentgenol 126: 828–831, 1976
Renert WA, Button KF, Fuld SL, et al: Mesenteric venous thrombosis and small-bowel infarction following infusion of vasopressin into the superior mesenteric artery. Radiology 102: 299–302, 1972
Berardi RS: Vascular complications of superior mesenteric artery infusion with pitressin in treatment of bleeding esophageal varices. Am J Surg 127: 757–761, 1974
Bookstein JJ, Naderi MJ, Walter JF: Transcatheter embolization for lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Radiology 127: 345–349, 1978
Goldberger LE, Bookstein JJ: Transcatheter embolization for treatment of diverticular hemorrhage. Radiology 122: 613–617, 1977
Viamonte M Jr: Abdominal visceral venography. Radiol Clin North Am 14: 255–264, 1976
Reuter SR, Redman HC: Gastrointestinal Angiography. Philadelphia: Saunders 1977, p 262
Bradley EL III, Goldman ML: Gastric infarction after therapeutic embolization. Surgery 79:421– 424, 1976
Prochaska JM, Flye MW, Johnsrude IS: Left gastric artery embolization for control of gastric bleeding: A complication. Radiology 107:521– 522, 1973
Cho KJ, Reuter S, Schmidt R: Effects of experimental hepatic artery embolization on hepatic function. Am J Roentgenol 127: 563–567, 1976
White RI Jr, Strandberg JV, Gross GS, et al: Therapeutic embolization with long-term occluding agents and their effects on embolized tissues. Radiology 125: 677–687, 1977
Doppman JL, Dunnick NR, Girton M, et al: Bile duct cysts secondary to liver infarcts: Report of a case and experimental production by small vessel hepatic artery occlusion. Radiology 130: 1–5, 1979
Doppman JL, Girton M, Kahn ER: Proximal versus peripheral hepatic arterial embolization: Experimental study in monkeys. Radiology 128: 577–588, 1978
Anderson JH, VuBan A, Wallace S, et al: Trans– catheter splenic arterial occlusion: An experimental study in dogs. Radiology 125: 95–102, 1977
Castaneda-Zuniga WR, Hammerschmidt DE, Sanchez R, et al: Nonsurgical splenectomy. Am J Roentgenol 129: 805–811, 1977
Goldstein HM, Wallace S. Anderson JH, et al: Transcatheter occlusion of abdominal tumors. Radiology 120: 539–545, 1976
Lina JR, Jaques P, Mandell V: Aneurysm rupture secondary to transcatheter embolization. Am J Roentgenol 132: 553–556, 1979
D’Orsi CJ, Ensminger W, Smith EH, et al: Gas-forming intrahepatic abscess: A possible complication of arterial infusion chemotherapy. Gas-trointest Radiol 4: 1–5, 1978
Clouse ME, Ahmed R, Ryan RB, et al: Complications of long term transbrachial arterial infusion chemotherapy. Am J Roentgenol 129: 799–803, 1977
Lucas RJ, Tumacder O, Wilson GS: Hepatic artery occlusion following hepatic artery catheterization. Ann Surg 173: 238–243, 1971
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1981 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gelfand, D.W., Ott, D.J., Hunt, T.H. (1981). Gastrointestinal Complications of Radiologic Procedures. In: Iatrogenic Gastrointestinal Complications. Radiology of Iatrogenic Disorders. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5853-7_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5853-7_4
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-5855-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-5853-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive