Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Detection of Cocarcinogens and Anticarcinogens with Microbial Mutagenicity Assays

  • Conference paper
Short-Term Tests for Chemical Carcinogens

Part of the book series: Topics in Environmental Physiology and Medicine ((TEPHY))

Abstract

A meaningful discussion of cocarcinogens and anticarcinogens with reference to microbial assays is difficult. Although carcinogenesis is a whole-animal phenomenon, the apparent steps in the process, i.e., initiation, promotion, and progression, may be mimicked to some degree in vitro with mammalian cells and, to a much lesser degree, with microbial cells. In this paper we will examine the interactive effects of pairs of compounds and mixtures in cancer tests, attempt to relate these effects to specific mechanisms, and discuss the ability of microbial mutagenicity assays to predict co- and anticarcinogenic activity.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Anon. (1978): Clearinghouse finds seven com-pounds are carcinogenic, threat to humans. The Cancer Letter 4 (35): 5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashby, J., Styles, J.A. (1978): Comutagenicity, competitive enzyme substrates, and in vitro carcinogenicity assays. Mutat. Res. 54: 105–112.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ashby, J., Styles, J.A., Paton, D. (1978): In vitro evaluation of some derivatives of the carcinogen butter yellow: implications for environmental screening. Br. J. Cancer 38: 34–50.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berenblum, I. (1978): Historical perspective. In: T.J. Slaga, A. Sivak, and R.K. Boutwell (eds.), Mechanisms of Tumor Promotion and Cocarcinogenesis. New York: Raven Press, pp. 1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowden, J.P., Chung, K.-T., Andrews, A.W. (1976): Mutagenic activity of tryptophan metabolites produced by rat intestinal microflora. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 57: 921–924.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bruce, W.R., Varges, A.J., Furrer, R., Land, P.C. (1977): A mutagen in the feces of normal humans. In: H.M. Hiatt, J.D. Watson, and J.A. Winsten (eds.), Origins of Human Cancer, Book C, Cold Spring Harbor Conferences on Cell Proliferation, Vol. 4. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, pp. 1641–1646.

    Google Scholar 

  • Callen, D.F., Wolf, C.R., Philpot, R.M. (1978): Cumene hydroperoxide and yeast cytochrome P-450: spectral interactions and effect on the genetic activity of promutagens. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 83: 14–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cardy, R.H., Lijinsky, W., Hilderbrandt, P.K. (1979): Neoplastic and non-neoplastic urinary bladder lesions induced in Fischer 344 rats and B6C3FX hybrid mice by N-ni-trosodiphenylamine. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 3: 29–35.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chowaniec, J., Hicks, R.M. (1979): Response of the rat to saccharin with particular reference to the urinary bladder. Br. J. Cancer 39: 355–374.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cinti, D.L. (1978): Agents activating the liver microsomal mixed function oxidase system. Pharmacol. Ther. A2: 121–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, C.H., Shankel, D.M. (1975): Antimutagenesis in microbial systems. Bacteriol. Rev. 59: 33–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Demaster, E.G., Nagasawa, H.T. (1978): Inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase by propiolaldehyde, a possible metabolite of pargyline. Res. Commun. Chem. Path. Pharmacol. 21: 497–505.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dierickx, P.J. (1979): Deactivation of sodium azide in the Salmonella/microsome test. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 22: 660–665.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elespuru, R.K., Lijinsky, W. (1976): Mutagenicity of cyclic nitrosamines in Escherichia coli following activation with rat liver microsomes. Cancer Res. 36: 4099–4101.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evarts, R.P., Brown, C.A. (1977): Effect of L- tryptophan on diethylnitrosamine and 3′- methyl-4-N-dimethylaminoazobenzene hepatocarcinogenesis. Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 15: 431–435.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fresen, K. O.,Zur Hausen, H. (1976): Establishment of EBNA-expressing cell lines by infection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-genome-negative human lymphoma cells with different EBV strains. Int. J. Cancer 17: 161–166.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fujino, T., Fujiki, H., Nagao, M., Yahagi, T., Seino, Y., Sugimura, T. (1978): The effect of norharman on the metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene by rat liver microsomes in vitro in relation to its enhancement of the mutagenicity of benzo(a)pyrene. Mutat. Res. 58: 151–158.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guttenplan, J.B. (1979): Comutagenic effects exerted by N-nitroso compounds. Mutat. Res. 66: 25–32.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayashi, K., Nagao, M., Sugimura, T. (1977): Interactions of norharman and harman with DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 4: 3679–3685.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huggins, C.B., Ueda, N., Russo, A. (1978): Azo dyes prevent hydrocarbon-induced leukemia in the rat. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75: 4524–4527.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ivanetich, K.M., Lucas, S., Marsh, J.A., Ziman, M.R., Katz, I.D., Bradshaw, J.J. (1978): Organic compounds: their interaction with and degradation of hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes in vitro. Drug Metab. Disp. 6: 218–225.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kada, T., Morita, K., Inoue, T. (1978): Antimu-tagenic action of vegetable factor(s) on the mutagenic principle of tryptophan pyrolysate. Mutat. Res. 53: 351–353.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kinsella, A.R., Radman, M. (1978): Tumor promoter induces sister chromatid exchanges: relevance to mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75: 6149–6153.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, K., Gold, B., Mirvish, S.S. (1977): Mu-tagenicity of 22 N-nitrosamides and related compounds for Salmonella typhimurium. Mutat. Res. 45: 131–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leibman K.C., Ortiz, E. (1973): Metyrapone and other modifiers of microsomal drug metabolism. Drug Metab. Disp. 1: 184–189.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lesca, P., Lecointe, P., Paoletti, C., Mansuy, D. (1979): Ellipticines as potent inhibitors of microsomes-dependent chemical mutagenesis. Chem.-Biol. Interact. 25: 279–287.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacGregor, J.T. (1979): Mutagenicity study of flavonoids in vivo and in vitro. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 48: A41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mandel, M., Ichinotsubo, D., Mower, H. (1977): Nitroso group exchange as a way of activation of nitrosamines by bacteria. Nature (Lond.) 267: 248–149.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsumoto, M., Oyasu, R., Hopp, M.L., Kitajima, T. (1977a): Suppression of dibutylni-trosamine-induced bladder carcinomas in hamsters by dietary indole. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 55: 1825–1829.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matsumoto, T., Yoshida, D., Mizusaki, S. (1977b): Enhancing effect of harman on mutagenicity in Salmonella. Mutat. Res. 56: 85–88.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Minnich, V., Smith, M.E., Thompson, D., Kornfeld, S. (1976): Detection of mutagenic activity in human urine using mutant strains of Salmonella typhimurium. Cancer 55: 1253–1258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Montesano, R., Bartsch, H. (1976): Mutagenic and carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds: possible environmental hazards. Mutat. Res. 52: 179–228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nagai, S. (1976): Counteracting effect of eosin and related dyestuffs on the production of respiration-deficient mutants in yeast by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide. Mutat. Res. 54: 187–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nagao, M., Yahagi, T., Honda, M., Seino, Y., Matsushima, T., Sugimura, T. (1977a): Demonstration of mutagenicity of aniline and o-toluidine by norharman. Proc. Japan. Acad. 55: 34–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nagao, M., Yahagi, T., Kawachi, T., Seino, Y., Honda, M., Matsukura, N., Sugimura, T.,Wakabayashi, K., Tsuji, K., Kosuge, T. (1977b): Mutagens in foods, and especially pyrolysis products of protein. In: D. Scott, B.A. Bridges and F.H. Sobels (eds.), Progress in Genetic Toxicology. Amsterdam: Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, pp. 259–264.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nagao, Yahagi, T., Kawachi, T., Sugimura, T., Kosuge, T., Wakabayashi, K., Mizusaki, S., Matsumoto, T. (1977c): Comutagenic action of norharman and harman. Proc. Japan Acad. 53: 95–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nagasawa, H., Little, J.B. (1979): Effect of tumor promoters, protease inhibitors, and repair processes on X-ray-induced sister chromatid exchanges in mouse cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76: 1943–1947.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • National Health and Welfare (1973): The Testing of Chemicals for Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity and Teratogenicity. Ottawa, Canada, pp. 44–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neurath, G.B., Dunger, M., Pein, F.G., Ambrosius, D., Schreiber, O. (1977): Primary and secondary amines in the human environment. Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 15: 275–282.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oesch, F., Raphael, D., Schwind, H., Glatt, H.R. (1977): Species differences in activating and inactivating enzymes related to the control of mutagenic metabolites. Arch. Toxicol. 39: 97–108.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Okuno, S., Takeishi, K., Seno, T. (1979): Differential effect of a microsomal deacetylase inhibitor on the mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium of 2-acetylaminofluorene by liver homogenates of guinea pigs, mice and rats. Cancer Lett. 6: 1–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pariza, M.W., Ashoor, S.H., Chu, F.S., Lund, D.B. (1979): Mutagens and inhibitors of mutagenesis in pan-fried hamburger. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 20: 39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peraino, C., Fry, R.J.M., Grube, D.D. (1978): Drug induced enhancement of hepatic tumorigenesis. In: T.J. Slaga, A. Sivakand R.K. Boutwell (eds.), Mechanisms of Tumor Promotion and Cocarcinogenesis. New York: Raven Press, pp. 421–432.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rao, T.K., Stoltz, D.R., Epler, J.L. (1979): Lack of enhancement of chemical mutagenesis by saccharin in the Salmonella assay. Arch. Toxicol. 43: 141–145.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Remsen, J.F., Cerutti, P.A. (1979): Inhibition of DNA repair and DNA synthesis by harman in human alveolar tumor cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 86: 124–129.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saffiotti, U., Donovan, P.J., Rice, J.M. (1979): Interactions of multiple carcinogens in the Salmonella mutagenesis assay (Ames). Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 20: 191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salamone, M.F., Heddle, H.A., Katz, M. (1979): The use of the Salmonella/microsomal assay to determine mutagenicity in paired chemical mixtures. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 27: 101–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmähl, D. (1976): Combination effects in chemical carcinogenesis (experimental results). Oncology 33: 13–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schubert, J., Riley, E.J., Tyler, S.A. (1978): Combined effects in toxicology— a rapid systematic testing procedure: cadmium, mercury and lead. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 4: 763–776.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Selkirk, J.K. (1977): Divergence of metabolic activation systems for short-term mutagenesis assays. Nature (Lond.) 270: 604–607.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shahin, M.M., Fournier, F. (1978): Suppression of mutation induction and failure to detect mutagenic activity with Athabasca tar sand fractions. Mutat. Res. 58: 29–34.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shand, F.L., Howard, J.G. (1979): Induction in vitro of reversible immunosuppression and inhibition of B cell receptor regeneration by defined metabolites of cyclophosphamide. Europ. J. Immunol. 9: 17–21.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silverman, S.J., Andrews, A.W. (1977): Bile acids: co-mutagenic activity in the Salmonella-mammalian-microsome mutagenicity test. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 59: 1557–1559.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soper, C.J., Evans, F.J. (1977): Investigations into the mode of action of the cocarcinogen 12-o-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate using auxotrophic bacteria. Cancer Res. 37: 2487–2491.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stoltz, D.R., Stavric, B., Iverson, F., Bendall, R., Klassen, R. (1979): Suppression of naphthylamine mutagenicity by amaranth. Mutat. Res. 60: 391–393.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sugimura, T., Nagao, M., Kawachi, T., Honda, M., Yahagi, T., Seino, Y., Sato, S., Matsukura, N., Matsushima, T., Shirai, A., Sawamura, M., Matsumoto, H. (1977): Mutagen-carcinogens in food, with special reference to highly mutagenic pyrolytic products in broiled foods. In: H.H. Hiatt, J.D. Watson and J.A. Winsten (eds.), Origins of Human Cancer, Book C, Cold Spring Harbor Conferences on Cell Proliferation, Vol. 4. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, pp. 1561–1577.

    Google Scholar 

  • Troll, W., Meyn, M.S., Rossman, T.G. (1978): Mechanisms of protease action in carcinogenesis. In: T.J. Slaga, A. Sivak and R.K. Boutwell (eds.), Mechanisms of Tumor Pro-motion and Cocarcinogenesis. New York: Raven Press, pp. 301–312.

    Google Scholar 

  • Umezawa, K., Matsushima, T., Sugimura, T. (1979): Antimutagenic effect of elastatinal, a protease inhibitor from Actinomycetes. Proc. Japan Acad. 53: 30–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wattenberg, L.W., Loub, W.D. (1978): Inhibition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-induced neoplasia by naturally occurring indoles. Cancer Res. 38: 1410–1413.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wattenberg, L.W., Lam, L.K.T., Fladmoe, A.V. (1979): Inhibition of chemical carcinogen-induced neoplasia by coumarins and a-angelicalactone. Cancer Res. 39: 1651–1654.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization (1977): Environ-mental Health Criteria. 5. Nitrates, Nitrates and N-Nitroso Compounds. Geneva, pp. 63–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, E.E., Bird, J.L., Feldman, J.M. (1979): The effect of harmane and other monoamine oxidase inhibitors on N-acetyltransferase activity. Res. Commun. Chem. Path. Pharmacol. 24: 259–272.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yahagi, T., Nagao, M., Seino, Y., Matsushima, T., Sugimura, T., Okada, M. (1977): Mutagenicities of N-nitrosamines on Salmonella. Mutat. Res. 48: 121–130.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. D. R. Stoltz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Carcinogenesis Unit, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

    H. F. Stich (Head) (Head)

  2. Carcinogen Testing Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

    R. H. C. San (Chief) (Chief)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1981 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this paper

Cite this paper

Stoltz, D.R. (1981). Detection of Cocarcinogens and Anticarcinogens with Microbial Mutagenicity Assays. In: Stich, H.F., San, R.H.C. (eds) Short-Term Tests for Chemical Carcinogens. Topics in Environmental Physiology and Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5847-6_39

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5847-6_39

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-5849-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-5847-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation