Abstract
While studying the transfer of tuberculin sensitivity by lymphoid cells and cell extracts, Lawrence made the original and highly important observation that dialyzable substances present in leukocytes have the ability to influence the expression of delayed hypersensitivity (Lawrence, 1955; Lawrence, 1963). In particular, Lawrence noted that a component of such dialyzates could apparently “transfer” specific immunologic sensitivity from a highly sensitive donor to a nonsensitive recipient. This component of the leukocyte dialyzate was called “transfer factor.” It is essential to understand that the component (s) responsible for this phenomenon of immunologic transfer represents only a minor fraction of the total dialyzate. Evidence has accumulated from several laboratories that indicate that a variety of other molecules present in the total leukocyte dialyzate are capable of affecting a number of parameters of cell-mediated immunity. The existence of specific transfer factor in such a heterogeneous milieu poses a problem in the evaluation of the active component(s) and in the interpretation of studies in which the crude dialyzate is employed, since the activity of individual components is likely to be affected by the action of other components in the mixture. Nevertheless, the administration of such dialyzates has repeatedly been shown to confer immunologic reactivity upon recipients who lack demonstrable sensitivity to a given antigen. A key issue in the interpretation of these experiments in which specific immunologic markers have apparently been transferred is to determine whether authentic transfer has been achieved, or alternately whether a weak and inapparent sensitivity to antigen has simply been amplified.
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
References
Andron, L. A., and M. S. Ascher (1978), Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 9, 157.
Arala-Chaves, M. P., R. Proenca, and M. de Sousa (1974), Cell Immunol. 10, 371.
Ascher, M. S., and L. A. Andren (1976), Fed. Proc. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol. 35, 337.
Ascher, M. S., W. J. Schneider, F. T. Valentine, and H. S. Lawrence (1974), Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 71, 1178.
Borkowsky, V., and H. S. Lawrence (1980), Clin. Res. 28, 550.
Burger, D. R., A. A. Vandenbark, W. Dunnick, W. Kraybill, G. D. Daves, and R. M. Vetto (1979), J. Immunol. 122, 1091.
Burger, D. R., R. M. Vetto, A. A. Vandenbark (1974), Cell. Immunol. 14, 332.
Burger, D. R., A. A. Vandenbark, P. Finke, J. E. Nolte, and R. M. Vetto (1976b), J. Immunol. 117, 782.
Burger, D. R., A. A. Vandenbark, D. Daves, W. A. Anderson, R. M. Vetto, and P. Finke (1976a), J. Immunol. 117, 789.
Burger, D. R., A. A. Vandenbark, P. Finke, and R. M. Vetto (1977), Cell. Immunol 29, 410.
Chase, M. W. (1945), Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med. 59, 134.
Chase, M. W. (1965), Med. Clin. North Am. 49, 1613.
Dvorak, H. F., M. C. Mihm, A. M. Dvorak, R. A. Johnson, E. J. Manseau, E. Morgan, and R. B. Colvin (1974), Lab. Invest. 31, 111.
Fine, J. (1973), New Engl. J. Med. 289, 484.
Fudenberg, H. H., A. S. Levin, L. E. Spitler, J. Wybran, and V. Byres (1974), Hosp. Pract. 9, 95.
Gallin, J. I., and C. H. Kirkpatrick (1974), Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 71, 498.
Good, R. A., W. D. Kelley, J. Rotsten, and R. L. Varco (1962), Prog. Allergy 6, 187.
Gottlieb, A. A., K. Saito, S. Sutcliffe, L. A. Foster, N. Tamaki, G. Maziarz, C. Sutherland, and B. Brennessel (1977), J. Reticuloendothel. Soc. 21, 403.
Graziano, F. M., and J. M. Dwyer (1978), Conn. Med. 42, 1.
Hamblin, A. S., D. C. Dumonde, and R. N. Maini (1976a), Clin. Exptl. Immunol. 23, 303.
Hamblin, A. S., R. M. Maini, and D. Dumonde (1976b), Clin. Exptl. Immunol. 23, 290.
Holzman, R. S., and H. S. Lawrence (1977), J. Immunol. 188, 1672.
Horowitz, S., T. Groshong, R. Albrecht, and R. Hong (1975), Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol 4, 405.
Krohn, D., P. Grohn, M. Horsmanheimo, and M. Virolainen (1976), Med. Biol. 54, 334.
Landsteiner, K., and M. W. Chase (1942), Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med. 49, 668.
Lawrence, H. S. (1949), Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med. 71, 516.
Lawrence, H. S. (1955), J. Clin. Invest. 34, 219.
Lawrence, H. S. (1963), Trans. Assoc. Am. Physicians 76, 14.
Lawrence, H. S. (1970), New Engl. J. Med. 283, 411.
Lawrence, H. S. (1972), New Engl. J. Med. 287, 1092.
Lawrence, H. S. (1974), Harvey Lect. 68, 239.
LoBuglio, A. F., J. A. Neidhart, R. W. Hilberg, E. N. Metz, and S. P. Balcerzak (1973), Cell. Immunol. 7, 159.
Neidhart, J. A., R. S. Schwartz, P. E. Hurtubise, S. G. Murphy, E. N. Metz, S. P. Balcerzak, and A. F. LoBuglio (1973), Cell Immunol. 9, 319.
Neidhart, J. A., N. Christakis, E. N. Metz, S. P. Balcerzak, and A. F. LoBuglio (1978), J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 61, 115.
Oettgen, H., L. Old, J. Farrow, F. Valentine, H. S. Lawrence, and L. Thomas (1971), J. Clin. Invest. 50, 71.
Polmar, S. H. (1973), New Engl. J. Med. 289, 1420.
Rapaport, F. T., H. S. Lawrence, J. W. Millar, D. Pappagianis, and C. E. Smith (1960), J. Immunol. 84, 358.
Rocklin, R. E., R. A. Chilgren, R. Hong, and J. R. David (1970), Cell. Immunol. 1, 290.
Saito, K., N. Tamaki, L. A. Foster, B. Brennessel, and A. A. Gottlieb (1977), Cell. Immunol. 31, 311.
Schulkind, M. L., W. H. Adler, W. A. Alteneier, and E. M. Ayoub (1972), Cell. Immunol 3, 606.
Sokal, J. E. (1975), New Engl. J. Med. 293, 501.
Spitler, L. E., A. S. Levin and J. Wybran (1976), Cell. Immunol. 21, 1.
Tomar, R. H., and J. Terzian (1977), Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 156, 242.
Udenfriend, S., S. Stein, P. Bohlen, W. Dairman, W. Leimgruber, and M. Weigle (1972), Science 178, 871.
Uhr, J. W., S. B. Salvin, and A. M. Pappenheimer (1956), Fed. Proc. Am. Soc. Ejcp. Biol. 15, 619.
Valdimarsson, H., C. B. S. Wood, J. R. Hobbs, and P. J. L. Holt (1972), Clin. Exp. Immunol. 11, 151.
Vandenbark, A. A., D. R. Burger, D. L. Dreyer, G. D. Daves, and R. M. Vetto (1977), J. Immunol. 118, 636.
Wybran, J., A. S. Levin, L. E. Spitler, and H. H. Fudenberg (1973), New Engl. J. Med. 288, 710.
Zuckerman, K. S., J. A. Neidhart, S. P. Balcerzak, and A. F. LoBuglio (1974), J. Clin. Invest. 54, 997.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1982 The Humana Press Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Maziarz, G.A., Gottlieb, A.A. (1982). Transfer Factor and Other Factors in Leukocyte Dialyzates That Affect Cell-Mediated Immunity. In: Luderer, A.A., Weetall, H.H. (eds) Clinical Cellular Immunology. Contemporary Immunology. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5802-5_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5802-5_8
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-5804-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-5802-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive