Skip to main content

Cardiac Output and Regional Blood Flows in Altitude Residents

  • Conference paper
High Altitude Physiology and Medicine

Part of the book series: Topics in Environmental Physiology and Medicine ((TEPHY))

Abstract

It is now well documented that residence in altitude induces circulatory changes. The aim of this presentation is not to give an exhaustive picture of the altitude resident’s circulatory status, but only to describe some of its aspects: (1) the regional distribution of cardiac output; (2) the functional consequences of the circulatory changes, taking the thermoregulatory disturbances induced by the reduction of cutaneous blood flow as an example; and (3) the altitude threshold of the hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Alarcon-Castillo, L.: Varaciones de la pression venosa peripherica. Thesis. Lima, Faculty of Medicine, 1956

    Google Scholar 

  2. Anderson, C.B. and Gray, F.D.: The circulatory and ventilatory effects of nor- 100 movolemic polycythemia. Yale J. Biol. Med. 35: 233, 1962.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Arias-Stella, J. and Topilsky, M.: Anatomy of the coronary circulation at high altitude. In Porter, R. and Knight, J. (eds.): High Altitude Physiology: Cardiac and Respiratory Aspects. Ciba Foundation Symposium. Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone, 1971, pp. 149–157.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Banchero, N., Sime, F., Penaloza, D., Cruz, J., Gamboa, R., and Marticorena, E.: Pulmonary pressure, cardiac output, and arterial oxygen saturation during exercise at high altitude and at sea level. Circulation 33: 249, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bargeton, D., Durand, J., Mensch- Dechene, J., and Decaud, J.: Echanges de chaleur de la main. Rôle des réactions circulatoires et des variations de la température locale du sang artériel. J. Physiol. (Paris) 51: 111, 1959.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Becker, L., Schilling, A., and Harvey, R.: Renal function in man acclimatized to high altitude. J. Appl. Physiol. 10 (1): 79, 1957.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Bidart, Y., Drouet, L., and Durand, J.: Débit sanguin dans le muscle squelettique chez les sujets résidant et transplantés en altitude (3800 m). J. Physiol. (Paris) 70: 333, 1975.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Bidart, Y., Mensch-Dechene, J., Bourdarias, J.P., and Seroussi, S.: Circulation cutanée du pied lors d’un exercice des membres supérieurs chez le sujet normal et chez le sujet atteint de section traumatique de la moëlle. J. Physiol. (Paris) 62 (Suppl. 1): 130, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bradley, S.E., Ingelfinger, F.J., Bradley, G.P., and Curry, J.J.: The estimation of hepatic blood flow in man. J. Clin. Invest. 24: 890, 1945.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Capderoir, A., Polianski, J., Mensch- Dechene, J., Drouet, L., Antezana, G., Zelter, M., and Lockhart, A.: Splanchnic blood flow 02 consumption, removal of lac¬tate, and output of glucose in highlanders. J. Appl. Physiol. 43 (2): 204, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Cerretelli, P.: O2 breathing at altitude: ef-fects on maximal performance. Hypoxia Symposium (The Arctic Institute of North America). Banff, Canada, February 21–24, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Chavez, C., Barragan, M., and Mariaca, J.: DeterminaciĂ³n del flugo plasmatico renal en la Altura con Hippuran I-131. Inst. Boliviano Biol. Alture 4(2)25, 1972

    Google Scholar 

  13. De Michelli, A., Villaces, E., Guzzy, P., and Rubio, V.: Observaciones sobre los valores hemodynamicos y respiratorios obtenidos en subjectos normales. Arch. Inst. Cardiol. Mexico 30: 507, 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Durand, J., Leroy Ladurie, M., and Ranson-Bitker, B.: Effects of hypoxia and hypercapnia on the repartition of pulmonary blood flow in supine subjects. Prog. Resp. Res 5: 156, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Durand, J., Marc-Vergnes, J.P., Coudert, J., Blayo, M.C., and Pocidalo, J.J.: Cerebral blood flow, brain metabolism, and CSF acid-base balance in highlanders. In Paintal, A.S. and Gill-Kumar, P. (eds.): Respiratory Adaptations, Capillary Exchange, and Reflex Mechanisms. New Delhi, Nauchetan Press, 1977, pp. 27–37.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Durand, J. and Martineaud, J.P.: Resistance and capacitance vessels of the skin in permanent and temporary residents at high altitude. In Porter, R. and Knight, J. (eds.): High Altitude Physiology: Cardiac and Respiratory Aspects. Ciba Foundation Symposium. Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone, 1971, pp. 159- 17a.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Durand, J., Martineaud, J.P., Pradel, M., and Massoum, M.: Influence de l’altitude sur les résistances et capacitances vasculares cutanées chez l’homme. J. Physiol. (Paris) 59 (4): 400, 1967.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Durand, J. and Mensch-Dechene, J.: Relation théorique entre le débit cardiaque et la consommation d’oxygène au cours de l’exercice. Bull. Physiopath. Resp. 15: 977, 1979.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Durand, J., Olesen, J., Coudert, J., David, P., and Marc-Vergnes, J.P.: High altitude resident’s cerebral blood flow. IX Interamerican Congress of Cardiology. San Francisco, April 23–29, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Durand, J., Verpillat, J.M., Pradel, M., and Martineaud, J.P.: Influence of altitude on the cutaneous circulation of residents and newcomers. Fed. Proc. 28 (3): 1124, 1969.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Eisner, R.W., Bolstad, A., and Forno, E.: Maximum oxygen consumption of Peruvian Indian natives at high altitudes. In Weike, H. (ed.): The Physiological Effects of High Altitude. Oxford, Pergamon Press, 1964, p. 217.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Greenleaf, J.E., Greenleaf, C.J., Card, D.H., and Saltin, B.: Exercise temperature regulation in man during acute exposure to simulated altitude. J. Appl. Physiol 26: 290, 1969.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Grover, R.F., Lufschanowski, R., and Alexander, J.K.: Decreased coronary blood flow in man following ascent to high altitude. In Vogel, J. (ed.): Hypoxia, High Altitude, and Heart. Basel, Karger, 1970, pp. 72–79.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Harris, P.: Some observations on the bio¬chemistry of the myocardium at high altitude. In Porter, R. and Knight, J. (eds.): High Altitude Physiology: Cardiac and Respiratory Aspects. Ciba Foundation Sym¬posium. Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone, 1971, pp. 125–129.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Hartley, L.H., Alexander, J.K., and Modelski, M.: Subnormal cardiac output at rest and during exercise in residents at 3100 m altitude. J. Appl. Physiol. 23: 839, 1967.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Houdas, Y., Bonaventure, M., Sauvage, A., Houdas, C., and Ginestet, A.: Quantitative influence of COz inhalation on thermal sweating in man. Aerospace Med. 44: 265, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Hultgren, H.N., Kelly, J., and Miller, H.: Pulmonary circulation in acclimatized man at high altitude. J. Appl. Physiol. 20: 233, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Klausen, K.: Cardiac output in man at rest and work during and after acclimatization to 3800 m. J. Appl. Physiol. 21: 609, 1966.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Lockhart, A., Zelter, M., Mensch-Dechene, J., Antezana, G., Paz-Zamora, M., Vargas, E., and Coudert, J.: Pressure-flow-volume relationships in the pulmonary circulation of normal highlanders. J. Appl. Physiol. 41 (4): 449, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Lozano, R. and Monge, C.: Renal function in high altitude natives and in natives with chronic mountain sickness. J. Appl. Physiol. 20 (5): 1026, 1965.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Marc-Vergnes, J.P., Antezana, G., Coudert, J., Gourdin, D., and Durand, J.: Débit sanguin et métabolisme énergétique du cerveau et équilibre acido-basique du L.C.R. chez les résidents en altitude. J. Physiol. (Paris) 68: 633, 1974.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Maseri, A., L’Abbate, A., Coudert, J., Biagini, A., Michelassi, C., and Distante, A.: Study of the adaptation of the coronary circulation in natives at high altitude. In: Anthropologie des Populations Andines. I.N.S.E.R.M. 63:363, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Milledge, J.S. and Sørensen, S.C.: Cerebral arteriovenous oxygen difference in man na¬tive to high altitude. J. Appl. Physiol. 32: 687, 1972.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Moret, P.: Circulation coronaire et insuffisance du myocarde dans l’insuffisance respiratoire. Poumon Coeur 4: 421, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Moret, P., Covarrubias, E., Coudert, J., and Duchosal, F.: Cardiocirculatory adaptation to chronic hypoxia: comparative study of coronary flow, myocardial oxygen consumption, and efficiency between sea level and high altitude residents. Acta Cardiol. 27: 283, 1972.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Moret, P., Covarrubias, E., Coudert, J., and Duchosal, F.: Cardiocirculatory adaptation to chronic hypoxia: comparative study of myocardial metabolism of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and free fatty acids between sea level and high altitude residents. Acta Cardiol. 27: 483, 1972.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Murray, J.F., Gold, P., and Johnson, B.L.: Systemic oxygen transport in induced nor-movolemic anemia and polycythemia. Am. J. Physiol. 203: 720, 1962.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Prioux-Guyonneau, M., Cretet, E., Jacquot, C., Rapin, J.R., and Cohen, Y.: The effect of various simulated altitudes on the turnover of norepinephrine and dopamine in the central nervous system of rats. PflĂ¼gers Arch. 380: 127, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Prioux-Guyonneau, M., Jacquot, C., Cohen, Y., and Rapin, J.R.: Influence de l’hypoxie normobare et hypobare sur le taux de renouvellement de la noradrénaline cardiaque. J. Physiol. (Paris) 72: 579, 1976.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Pugh, L.G.C.E.: Cardiac output in muscu¬lar exercise at 5800 m (19,000 ft). J. Appl. Physiol. 19: 441, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Rapin, J.R., Coudert, J., Drouet, L., Durand, J., and Cohen, Y.: Uptake of noradrenaline in high altitude natives’ heart. Experientia 33: 739, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Raynaud, J., Corone, P., Escourrou, P., and Drouet, L.: Electrocardiographic observations in high altitude residents of Nepal and Bolivia. Int. J. Biometeorol. (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  43. Raynaud, J., Martineaud, J.P., Bordachar, J., Tillous, M.C., and Durand, J.: Oxygen deficit and debt in submaximal exercise at sea level in high altitude. J. Appl. Physiol. 37 (1): 43, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Raynaud, J., Varene, P., Jacquemin, C., and Durand, J.: Heat exchange and energetic balance during exercise in highlanders and lowlanders at sea level and high altitude. Intern. Symp. on Environmental Physiology: Bioenergetics and Temperature Regulation. Dublin, July 18–23, 1971. Environ. Physiol. 30A: 161, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Raynaud, J., Varene, P., Vieillefond, H., and Durand, J.: Circulation cutanée et échanges thermiques en altitude (3800 m). Arch. Sei. Physiol 27: A247, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Reeves, J.T. and Grover, R.F.: High altitude pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary edema. In: Progress in Cardiology, Vol. 4. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1975, pp. 99 - 117.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Reynafarge, B.: Effect of chronic hypoxia on the kinetics of energy transformation in heart mitochondria. In: Metabolism of the Hypoxic and Ischaemic heart. Cardiology 56: 206, 1971–1972.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Rotta, A., Canepa, A., Hurtado, A., Velasquez, T., and Chavez, R.: Pulmonary circulation at sea level and at high altitude. J. Appl. Physiol. 9: 328, 1956.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Rowell, L.B., Blackmon, J.R., and Bruce, R.A.: Indocyanine green clearance and estimated hepatic blood flow during mild to maximal exercise in upright man. J. Clin. Invest. 43: 1677, 1964.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Roy, S.B.: Circulatory and ventilatory ef-fects of high altitude-acclimatization and de- acclimatization of Indian soldiers. A prospective study, 1964–1972. New Delhi, ICMR. 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Roy, S.B., Guleria, J.S., Khanna, P.K., Talwar, J.R., Manchanda, S.C., Pande, J.N., Kaushik, V.S., Subba, P.S., and Wood, J.E.: Immediate circulatory response to high altitude hypoxia in man. Nature 217: 1177, 1968.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Rudolph, W.: Myocardial metabolism in cyanotic congenital heart disease. In: Metabolism of the Hypoxia and Ischaemic Heart. Cardiology 56: 209, 1971–1972.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Seroussi, S., Durand, J., Verpillat, J.M., Pradel, M., and Martineaud, J.P.: Débit et distensibilité vasculaire cutanées post-ischémiques chez l’homme. J. Physiol. (Paris) 60 (Suppl. 2): 545, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Severinghaus, J.W., Chiodi, H., Eger, E.I., Brandstater, B., and Hornbein, T.F.: Cere-bral blood flow in man at altitude. Role of cerebrospinal fluid pH in normalization of flow in chronic hypoxia. Circ. Res. 19: 274, 1966.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Sime, F., Banchero, N., Penaloza, D., and Cruz, J.: Hemodynamic changes in the pulmonary circulation of high altitude natives after two years residence at sea level. Circulation 34 (Suppl. 3): 217, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Sørensen, S.C., Lassen, N.A., Severinghaus, J. W., Coudert, J., and Paz-Zamora, M.: Cerebral glucose metabolism and cerebral flow. J. Appl. Physiol 37 (3): 305, 1974.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Thielen, E.O., Gregg, D.E., and Rotta, A.: Exercise and cardiac work response at high altitude. Circulation 12: 383, 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Vogel, J.H.K., Weaver, W.F., Rose, R.L., Blount, S.G., and Grover, R.F.: Pulmonary hypertension on exertion in normal man liv-ing at 10,150 feet (Leadville, Colorado). Med. Thoracalis 19: 461, 1962.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Wahren, J.: Quantitative aspects of blood flow and oxygen uptake in the human forearm during rhythmic exercise. Acta. Physiol. Scand. 67 (Suppl. 269): 5, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Weil, J.V., Byrae-Quinn, E., Battock, D.J., Grover, R.F., and Chidsey, C.A.: Forearm circulation in man at high altitude. Clin. Sci. 40: 235, 1971.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Wood, J.E. and Roy, S.B.: The relationship of peripheral venomotor responses to high altitude pulmonary edema in man. Am. J. Med. Sci. 259: 56, 1970.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Zelter, M., Capderou, A., Polianski, J., and Mensch-Dechene, J.: Renal blood flow in normal highlanders. J. Appl. Physiol, (in press).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1982 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.

About this paper

Cite this paper

Durand, J., Varene, P., Jacquemin, C. (1982). Cardiac Output and Regional Blood Flows in Altitude Residents. In: Brendel, W., Zink, R.A. (eds) High Altitude Physiology and Medicine. Topics in Environmental Physiology and Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5639-7_18

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5639-7_18

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-5641-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-5639-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics