Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Signs and Symptoms

  • Chapter
Intracranial Aneurysms

Abstract

In the two preceding chapters on general and specific signs and symptoms of intracranial aneurysms there were brief discussions of ophthalmic signs and symptoms. The preponderance of these latter findings in patients and the volume of literature on the subject (1–152) necessitates a separate chapter. Most patients with either ruptured aneurysms or unruptured large aneurysms will have some alterations of cranial nerves (CN) 2, 3, 4, and 5 and/or of the ocular fundus. These alterations often are diagnostic and even localizing but are frequently missed without a detailed neuro-ophthalmologic study.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Bibliography

  1. Adams JA: A case of aneurism of internal carotid in the cavernous sinus, causing paralysis of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth nerves. Lancet 2: 768, 1869

    Google Scholar 

  2. Alajouanine T, Nehlil J, Billet R: Anévrysme de la communicante antérieure avec hématome calcifié et porencéphalie frontale. Rev Neurol 92: 397401, 1955

    Google Scholar 

  3. Albi H: Aneurysma der Carotis interna, einèn Hypophysentumor vortäuschend ein Beitrag zur Diagnose intrakranieller Aneurysmen. Fortschr Röntgenstr 39: 890–895, 1929

    Google Scholar 

  4. Ayer WD: So-called spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. A resumé with its medicolegal consideration. Am J Surg 26: 143–151, 1934

    Google Scholar 

  5. Ballantyne AJ: The ocular manifestations of spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage. Br J Ophthalmol 27: 383–414, 1943

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Barnett HJM: Some clinical features of intra-cranial aneurysms. Clin Neurosurg 16: 43–71, 1969

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Barr HWK, Blackwood W, Meadows SP: Intracavernous carotid aneurysms. A clinical-pathological report. Brain 94: 607–622, 1971

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Beadles CF: Aneurisms of the larger cerebral arteries. Brain 30: 285–336, 1907

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bergin J: Aneurismal and thrombotic lesions of the carotid with ocular presentation. Trans Ophthalmol Soc N Zealand 9:9–18, 1956 (57)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Berson EL, Freeman MI, Gray AJ: Visual field defects in giant suprasellar aneurysms of internal carotid. Report of three cases. Arch Ophthalmol 76: 52–58, 1966

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Bisland T, Topilow A: Subhyaloid hemorrhage and exophthalmos due to ruptured intraventricular aneurysm. A case occurring in toxemia of pregnancy. Arch Ophthalmol 47: 470–476, 1952

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Bonnet I: Les anévrysmes artériels intra-craniens et leurs signes ophtalmologiques. Formes anatomo-cliniques. Ann Oculist (Paris) 187: 420–450, 1954

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Botterell EH, Lloyd LA, Hoffman HJ: Oculomotor palsy due to supraclinoid internal carotid artery berry aneurysm. A long-term study of the results of surgical treatments on the recovery of third-nerve function. Am J Ophthalmol 54: 609–616, 1962

    Google Scholar 

  14. Brenner H, Pendl G: Hirngefassaneurysmen mit ausschliesslich ophthalmologischen Symptomen. Bericht Dtsch Ophthalmol Ges 72: 85–91, 1974

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Bull JWD: Massive aneurysms at the base of the brain. Brain 92: 535–570, 1969

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Bull JWD: Radiological investigation in cases of cerebrovascular disease. Br Med J 1: 795–797, 1958

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Cabrai RJ, Scott DF: A possible association between migraine and post-operative epilepsy in patients with intracranial aneurysm. Acta Neurol Scand 54: 204–206, 1976

    Google Scholar 

  18. Campbell E, Burklund CW: Ocular manifestations of aneurysms of the circle of Willis. NY State J Med 50: 2427–2432, 1950

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Cantu RC: Oculomotor palsy with posterior communicating artery aneurysm. Outcome with carotid ligation versus medical therapy. Intern Surg 52: 144–150, 1969

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Cantu RC, Souders T, Hepler RS: Effects of carotid ligation on aneurysm-induced oculomotor palsy. J Neurosurg 31: 528–532, 1969

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Caramazza F: Syndrome chiasmatique de lésion anévrismatique de la carotide interne. Ann Ocul 170: 696, 1933

    Google Scholar 

  22. Cares HL, Bakay L: The clinical significance of the optic strut. J Neurosurg 34: 355–364, 1971

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Carruthers J, Black RK: Vitrectomy in subarachnoid haemorrhage. Br Med J 2: 404, 1976

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Castren JA: Pathogenesis and treatment of Terson-syndrome. Acta Ophthalmol 41: 430–434, 1963

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Charamis J, Tsamparlakis J, Scouras J, et al.: Les manifestations ophtalmologiques des anévrysmes artériels intracrâniens. Bull Mem Soc Fr Ophtalmol 87: 213–218, 1976

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Cogan DG: Neurology of the Ocular Muscles, 2nd ed. Springfield, Illinois, Charles C Thomas, 1956, p. 60

    Google Scholar 

  27. Cogan DG, Mount HTJ: Intracranial aneurysms causing ophthalmoplegia. Arch Ophthalmol 70: 757–771, 1963

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Cohen DN, Zakon NZ, Salanga VD, et al.: Raeder’s paratrigeminal syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol 79: 1044–1054

    Google Scholar 

  29. Collier J: Observations on cerebral haemorrhage due to causes other than arteriosclerosis. Br Med J 2: 519–521, 1931

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Dailey EJ, Holloway JA, Murto RE, et al.: Evaluation of ocular signs and symptoms in cerebral aneurysms. Arch Ophthalmol 71: 463–474, 1964

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Dandy WE: Intracranial Arterial Aneurysms. New York, Hafner, 1944 (reprinted 1969 )

    Google Scholar 

  32. Dandy WE: Intracranial arterial aneurysms in the carotid canal. Diagnosis and treatment. Arch Surg 45: 335–350, 1942

    Google Scholar 

  33. Danziger J, Block S: Intracranial aneurysms presenting as mass lesions. Clin Radiol 26: 267–273, 1975

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Davis DO: Neuroradiological diagnosis of sellar and parasellar lesions. Clin Neurosurg 17: 160–188, 1970

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Dohn DF: Carotid aneurysms and arteriovenous fistulae of the cavernous sinus. In Youmans JR (ed): Neurological Surgery, Vol. 2. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1973, pp. 807–826

    Google Scholar 

  36. Doris M: Ophthalmic signs in intracranial aneurysms. Bull Soc Hellen Ophthalmol 33: 159–177, 1965

    Google Scholar 

  37. Dorland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 25th ed. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1974, pp. 727, 1723

    Google Scholar 

  38. Dott NM: Brain, movement and time. Br Med J 2: 12–16, 1960

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Doubler FH, Marlow SB: A case of hemorrhage into the optic-nerve sheaths as a direct extension from a diffuse intra-meningeal hemorrhage caused by rupture of aneurysm of a cerebral artery. Arch Ophthalmol 46: 533–536, 1917

    Google Scholar 

  40. Drews LC, Minckler J: Massive bilateral preretinal type of hemorrhage associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage of brain with case report and pathologic findings. Am J Ophthalmol 27: 1–15, 1944

    Google Scholar 

  41. Fahmy JA: Fundal haemorrhages in ruptured intracranial aneurysms. I. Material, frequency and morphology. Acta Ophthalmol 51: 289–298, 1973

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Fahmy JA: Fundal haemorrhages in ruptured intracranial aneurysms. II. Correlation with the clinical course. Acta Ophthalmol 51: 299–304, 1973

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Fahmy JA: Papilledema associated with ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Acta Ophthalmol 50: 793–802, 1972

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Fahmy JA: Symptoms and signs of intracranial aneurysms with particular reference to retinal haemorrhage. Acta Ophthalmol 50: 129–136, 1972

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Fahmy JA: Vitreous haemorrhage in subarachnoid haemorrhage—Terson’s syndrome. Report of a case with macular degeneration as a complication. Acta Ophthalmol 50: 137–143, 1972

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Fahmy JA, Knudsen V, Anderson SR: Intraocular haemorrhage following subarachnoid haemorrhage. Acta Ophthalmol 47: 550–559, 1969

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Fekas L, Constas CG: Hemianopsie bei einem supra-klinoidalen Riesen-Aneurysma aus dem Karotis-Siphon. Wien Z Nervenheilk 28: 196–200, 1970

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Fine BS, Tousimis AJ: The structure of the vitreous body and the suspensory ligaments of the lens. Arch Ophthalmol 65: 95–110, 1961

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Fisher CM: Clinical syndromes in cerebral thrombosis, hypertensive hemorrhage, and ruptured saccular aneurysm. Clin Neurosurg 22: 117–147, 1975

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Fisher H, Cooper RL: On the visual disturbances associated with massive basal aneurysms. Proc Aust Assoc Neurol 13: 97–107, 1976

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Foggie WE: Aneurism of the carotid in the cavernous sinus. Edinburg Med J 34: 649–657, 1927

    Google Scholar 

  52. Ford FR, Walsh FB, King A: Clinical observations on the pupillary phenomena resulting from regeneration of the third nerve with special reference to the Argyll Robertson pupil. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 68: 309–318, 1941

    Google Scholar 

  53. France JF: Examples of ptosis with illustrative remarks. Guy’s Hosp Rep 4: 37–63, 1846

    Google Scholar 

  54. Golden J, Odom GL, Woodhall B: Subdural hematoma following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Arch Neurol Psychiat 69: 486–489, 1953

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Goldin RR, Silver ML: Ophthalmic artery aneurysm. Radiology 68: 727–729, 1957

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Goldstein JE, Cogan DG: Diabetic ophthalmoplegia with special reference to the pupil. Arch Ophthalmol 64: 592–600, 1960

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Grayson MC, Soni SR, Spooner VA: Analysis of the recovery of third nerve function after direct surgical intervention for posterior communicating aneurysms. Br J Ophthalmol 58: 118–125, 1974

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Greear JN Jr: Rupture aneurysm of circle of Willis. Relationship between intravascular and intracranial hemorrhage. Arch Ophthalmol 30: 312–319, 1943

    Google Scholar 

  59. Green WR, Hackett ER, Schlezinger NS: Neuro-ophthalmologic evaluation of oculomotor nerve paralysis. Arch Ophthalmol 72: 154–167, 1964

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Gurgenidze RV, Gogsadze VG: A case of aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery accompanied by persistent bitemporal hemianopsia. Vestn Oftal 82: 89–91, 1969

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Hamby WB: Intracranial Aneurysms. Springfield, Illinois, Charles C Thomas, 1952

    Google Scholar 

  62. Harris P, Udvarhelyi GB: Aneurysms arising at the internal carotid-posterior communicating artery junction. J Neurosurg 14: 180–191, 1957

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Harris ST: A case of aneurysm of anterior cerebral artery causing compression of optic nerves and chiasma. Br J Ophthalmol 12: 15–22, 1928

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Heidrich R: Die subarachnoideale Blutung. Leipzig, Thieme Verlag, 1970, pp. 32–87

    Google Scholar 

  65. Heidrich R: Subarachnoid haemorrhage. In Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW (eds.): Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Vol. 12. Vascular Diseases of the Nervous System. Part II. Amsterdam, North Holland, 1972, pp. 68–204

    Google Scholar 

  66. Henderson JW: Intracranial arterial aneurysms. A study of 119 cases, with special reference to the ocular findings. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 53: 349–462, 1955

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Hepler RS, Cantu RC: Aneurysms and third nerve palsies. Ocular status of survivors. Arch Ophthalmol 77: 604–608, 1967

    Google Scholar 

  68. Holmes JM: The ocular symptoms of intracranial aneurysms. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 74: 549–557, 1954

    Google Scholar 

  69. Huber A: Die ocularen Symptome der zerebralen Aneurysmen. Ophthalmologica 167: 165–188, 1973

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Hyland HH, Barnett HJM: The pathogenesis of cranial nerve palsies associated with intracranial aneurysms. Proc Roy Soc Med 47: 141–146, 1954

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Igersheimer J: Binasal hemianopsia. Arch Ophthalmol 38: 248–258, 1947

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Igersheimer J: Intraocular pressure and its relation to retinal extravasation. Arch Ophthalmol 32: 50–55, 1944

    Google Scholar 

  73. Jain DC, Ahuja GK, Goulatia RK: Intracranial internal carotid artery aneurysm as a cause of Raeder’s paratrigeminal syndrome. Surg Neurol 16: 357–359, 1981

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Jeanmart L, Noterman J, Brihaye J, et al.: Les anevrysmes de la carotide intra-caverneuse. Neuro-chirurgie (Paris) 19: 61–73, 1973

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Jefferson G: Chiasmal lesions produced by intracranial aneurysms. Arch Neurol Psychiat 72: 111–112, 1954

    Google Scholar 

  76. Jefferson G: Compression of the chiasma, optic nerves, and optic tracts by intracranial aneurysms. Brain 60: 444–497, 1937

    Google Scholar 

  77. Jefferson G: Concerning injuries, aneurysms and tumours involving the cavernous sinus. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 73: 117–152, 1953

    Google Scholar 

  78. Jefferson G: Further concerning compression of the optic pathways by intracranial aneurysms. Clin Neurosurg 1: 55–103, 1955

    Google Scholar 

  79. Jefferson G: Isolated oculomotor palsy caused by intracranial aneurysm. Proc Roy Soc Med 40: 419–432, 1947

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Jefferson G: On the saccular aneurysms of the internal carotid artery in the cavernous sinus. Br J Surg 26: 267–302, 1938

    Google Scholar 

  81. Johnston AC, Pratt-Johnson JA: The ocular sequelae of third cranial nerve palsy. Canad Med Assoc J 89: 871–873, 1963

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Kasoff I, Kelly DL Jr: Pupillary sparing in oculomotor palsy from internal carotid aneurysm. Case report. J Neurosurg 42: 713–717, 1975

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Kerr FWL, Hollowell OW: Location of pupillomotor and accommodation fibres in the oculomotor nerve. Experimental observations on paralytic mydriasis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 27: 473–480, 1964

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Khan SG, Frenkel M: Intravitreal hemorrhage associated with rapid increase in intracranial pressure (Terson’s syndrome). Am J Ophthalmol 80: 37–43, 1975

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Klingler M: Compression des nerfs et du chiasma optique par des anévrismes. Confin Neurol 11: 261–270, 1951

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Kodama N, Sato T, Suzuki J: Homonymous hemianopsia caused by chiasmal compression due to intracranial aneurysm. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 18 (1): 91–100, 1978

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Krayenbühl H, Yaşargil MG: Étude clinique. In Krayenbühl H, et al. (eds.): L’Anevrysme de l’Artère Communicante Antérieure. Paris, Masson et Cie, 1959, pp. 41–56

    Google Scholar 

  88. Law WR, Nelson ER: Internal carotid aneurysm as a cause of Raeder’s paratrigeminal syndrome. Neurology 18: 43–46, 1968

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Levin PM: Intracranial aneurysms. Clinicopathologic considerations of oculomotornerve regeneration and intracerebral hemorrhage. Arch Neurol Psychiat 67: 771–786, 1952

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. List CF, Hodges FJ: Intracranial angiography. I. The diagnosis of vascular lesions. J Neurosurg 3: 25–45, 1946

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Litten M: Über einige vom allgemein-klinischen Standpunkt aus interessante Augenveränderungen. Berlin Klin Wochenschr 18: 23–27, 1881

    Google Scholar 

  92. Locksley HB: Natural history of subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracranial aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations. Based on 6,368 cases in the cooperateive study. In Sahs AL, Perret GE, Locksley HB, Nishioka H (eds.): Intracranial Aneurysms and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. A Cooperative Study. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 1969, pp. 37–108

    Google Scholar 

  93. Locksley HB: Report on the cooperative study of intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Section V. Natural history of subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracranial aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations. Based on 6,368 cases in the cooperative study. J Neurosurg 25:219–239, 321–368, 1966

    Google Scholar 

  94. Lombardi G, Passerini A, Migliavacca F: Intracavernous aneurysms of the internal carotid artery. Am J Roentgenol 89: 361–371, 1963

    Google Scholar 

  95. MacDonald AE: Ocular lesions caused by intracranial hemorrhage. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 29: 418–432, 1931

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Macpherson P, Anderson DE: Radiological differentiation of intrasellar aneurysms from pituitary tumours. Neuroradiology 21: 177–183, 1981

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Mahoudeau D, Daum S, George, et al.: Ophtalmoplégie double révélatrice dun anévrysme intracranien bilatéral de la carotide interne. Intérêt diagnostique de l’artériographie. Bull Mem Soc Med Hop Paris 65: 503–509, 1949

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Manschot WA: Subarachnoid hemorrhage. Intraocular symptoms and their pathogenesis. Am J Ophthalmol 38: 501–505, 1954

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Manschot WA: The fundus oculi in subarachnoid haemorrhage. Acta Ophthalmol 22: 281–299, 1944

    Google Scholar 

  100. Matas R: Aneurysms of the circle of Willis. A discussion of Dr. Dandy’s intracranial occlusion of the internal carotid for aneurysms of the circle of Willis, with supplementary remarks. Ann Surg 107: 660–680, 1938

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. McKinney JM, Acree T, Soltz SE: The syndrome of the unruptured aneurysm of the intracranial portion of the internal carotid artery. Bull Neurol Inst NY 5: 247–277, 1936

    Google Scholar 

  102. Meadows SP: Aneurysms of the internal carotid artery. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 69: 137–155, 1950

    Google Scholar 

  103. Meadows SP: Intracavernous aneurysms of the internal carotid artery. Their clinical features and natural history. Arch Ophthalmol 62: 566–574, 1959

    Google Scholar 

  104. Miller AJ, Cuttino JT: On the mechanism of production of massive preretinal hemorrhage following rupture of a congenital medial-defect intracranial aneurysm. Am J Ophthalmol 31: 15–24, 1948

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Miller D: Ophthalmological aspects of intracranial aneurysms. Trans Ophthalmol Soc Aust 20: 68–70, 1960

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Muller PJ, Deck JHN: Intraocular and optic nerve sheath hemorrhage in cases of sudden intracranial hypertension. J Neurosurg 41: 160–166, 1974

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Odom GL: Ophthalmic involvement in neurological vascular lesions. In Smith JL (ed.): Proceedings of University of Miami Neurophthalmology Symposium. Springfield, Illinois, Charles C Thomas, 1964, pp. 181–276

    Google Scholar 

  108. Ortiz de Zarate JC, Tamaroff L: Preretinal hemorrhages. Their mechanism of production and significance. Neurology 11: 180–181, 1961

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Otradovec J: Massive intra-ocular hemorrhage following rupture of intracranial arterial aneurysm. Contribution to the study of hematoma of the optic nerve sheath. Cesk Ofthal 15: 416–427, 1959

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Pagani LF: The rapid appearances of papilledema. J Neurosurg 30: 247–249, 1969

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Paton L: Ocular symptoms in subarachnoid haemorrhage. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 44: 110–126, 1924

    Google Scholar 

  112. Paton L, Holmes G: Pathology of papilledema. A histological study of sixty eyes. Brain 33: 389–432, 1910

    Google Scholar 

  113. Paunoff E: Glaskôrperblutungen bei Subarachnoidalblutung (Terson-syndrom). Klin Mbl Augenheilk 141: 625, 1962

    Google Scholar 

  114. Peiris JB, Russell RWR: Giant aneurysms of the carotid system presenting as visual field defect. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 43: 1053–1064, 1980

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Petit-Dutaillis D, Guillaumat L, Rougerie J: Syndrome de compression du nerf optique droit. Déconverte opératoire d’un anévrisme de l’artère ophtalmique. Traitement par la méthode du “trapping.” Neuro-chirurgie (Paris) 3: 22–29, 1957

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Pool JL, Potts DG: Aneurysms and Arteriovenous Anomalies of the Brain. Diagnosis and Treatment. New York, Harper & Row, 1965

    Google Scholar 

  117. Rácz P, Bobest M, Szilvâssy I: Significance of fundal hemorrhage in predicting the state of the patient with ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Ophthalmologica (Basel) 175: 61–66, 1977

    Google Scholar 

  118. Raja IA: Aneurysm-induced third nerve palsy. J Neurosurg 36: 548–551, 1972

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Raymond LA, Tew J: Large suprasellar aneurysms imitating pituitary tumour. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 41: 83–87, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Richardson JC, Hyland HH: Intracranial aneurysms. A clinical and pathological study of subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage caused by berry aneurysms. Medicine 20: 1–83, 1941

    Google Scholar 

  121. Riddoch G, Goulden C: On the relationship between subarachnoid and intraocular hemorrhage. Br J Ophthalmol 9: 209–233, 1925

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Riise R: Ocular symptoms in saccular aneurysms of the internal carotid artery. A survey of 100 cases. Acta Ophthalmol 47: 1012–1020, 1969

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Rischbieth RHC, Bull JWD: The significance of enlargement of the superior orbital (sphenoidal) fissure. Br J Radiol 31: 125–135, 1958

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Robertson EG: Intracranial aneurysm. Med J Aust 2: 381–390, 1936

    Google Scholar 

  125. Röttgen P: Intrakranielle Aneurysmen nit Chiasmasyndromen. Zbl Neurochir 29: 285–292, 1968

    Google Scholar 

  126. Rucker CW: Paralysis of the third, fourth and sixth cranial nerves. Am J Ophthalmol 46: 787–794, 1958

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Rucker CW: The cause of paralysis of the third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerves. Am J Ophthalmol 61: 1293–1298, 1966

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Salines-Garcia RF, Smith JL: Binasal hemianopia. Surg Neurol 10: 187–194, 1978

    Google Scholar 

  129. Sarner M, Rose FC: Clinical presentation of ruptured intracranial aneurysm. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 30: 67–70, 1967

    Google Scholar 

  130. Sato T, Kodama N, Suzuki J: Homonymous hemianopsia due to chiasmal compression by intracranial aneurysms. Neurol Surg (Tokyo) 4: 689–697, 1976

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Shah PM, Aiyar RR: Aneurysms of the basilar artery. Neurol India 13: 48–55, 1965

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Shannon JR: A case of aneurysm of the internal carotid artery (intracranial portion) and its effect on the patient’s vision. Arch Ophthalmol 46: 518–523, 1917

    Google Scholar 

  133. Shaw HE Jr, Landero MB III: Vitreous hemorrhage after intracranial hemorrhage. Am J Ophthalmol 80: 207–213, 1975

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  134. Smith DC, Kearns TP, Sayre GP: Preretinal and optic nerve-sheath hemorrhage: Pathologic and experimental aspects in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 61: 201–211, 1957

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Soni SR: Aneurysms of the posterior communicating artery and oculomotor paresis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 37: 475–484, 1974

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Suzuki J, Harada N: Surgery of intra- and/or supra-sellar aneurysms associated with defects of the visual field. Brain Nerve (Tokyo) 20: 121–130, 1968

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Suzuki J, Iwabuchi T: Ocular motor disturbances occurring as false localizing signs in ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Acta Neurochir 30: 119–128, 1974

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Symonds CP: Contributions to the clinical study of intracranial aneurysms. Guy’s Hosp Rep (London) 72: 139–158, 1923

    Google Scholar 

  139. Symonds CP: Spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage. Q J Med 18: 93–122, 1924–1925

    Google Scholar 

  140. Terson A: De l’hémorrhagie dans le corps vitré au cours de l’hémorrhagie cérébrale. Clin Ophthalmol 6: 309–315, 1900

    Google Scholar 

  141. Terson A: Le syndrome de l’hématome du corps vitré et de l’hémorrhagie intracranienne spontanés. Ann Ocul 163: 666–673, 1926

    Google Scholar 

  142. Terson A: Un type ophtalmoscopique exceptionnel: l’ecchymose secondaire centrale du disque optique après les traumatismes périorbitaires. Ann Ocul 147: 410–417, 1912

    Google Scholar 

  143. Thomas JE, Reagan TJ: Nonhemorrhagic complications of intracranial aneurysms of the internal carotid artery. Neurology 20: 1043–1051, 1970

    Google Scholar 

  144. Timberlake WH, Kubik CS: Follow-up report with clinical and anatomical notes on 280 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Trans Am Neurol Assoc 77: 26–30, 1952

    Google Scholar 

  145. Torres ML Jr: Vitreous hemorrhage secondary to ruptured intracranial aneurysm. J Philipp Med Assoc 40: 869–873, 1964

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  146. Trobe JO, Glaser JS, Post JD: Meningiomas and aneurysms of the cavernous sinus. Neuro-ophthalmologic features. Arch Ophthalmol 96: 457–467, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Troupp H, Koskinen K, af Bjôrkesten G: Ophthalmoplegia caused by intracranial aneurysm. Prognosis after intracranial surgery. Acta Ophthalmol 36: 79–86, 1958

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Tyler HT, Clark DB: Neurologic complications in patients with coarctation of aorta. Neurology 8: 712–718, 1958

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Vanderlinden RG, Chisholm LD: Vitreous hemorrhages and sudden increased intracranial pressure. J Neurosurg 41: 167–176, 1974

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Wagener HP, Foster RF: Ruptured intracranial aneurysm with hemorrhage into the retina and vitreous. Proc Staff Meeting Mayo Clin 10: 225–229, 1935

    Google Scholar 

  151. Walsh FB: Visual field defects due to aneurysms at the circle of Willis. Arch Ophthalmol 71: 15–27, 1964

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Walsh FB, Hedges TR: Optic nerve sheath hemorrhage. The Jacksori Memorial Lecture. Am J Ophthalmol 34: 509–527, 1951

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Walsh FB, Hoyt WF: Clinical Neuro-ophthalmology, Vol. 2. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1969, pp. 1110, 1737–1774

    Google Scholar 

  154. Walsh FB, King AB: Ocular signs of intracranial saccular aneurysms. Experimental work on collateral circulation through the ophthalmic artery. Arch Ophthalmol 27: 1–33, 1942

    Google Scholar 

  155. Walton JN: Subarachnoid Haemorrhage. Edinburg, Livingstone, 1956

    Google Scholar 

  156. Wappenschmidt J, Bettag W: Ein als suprasellaer raumfordernder Prozess imponierendes Aneurysma und seine Behandlung. Neurochirurgia (Stuttgart) 3: 193–202, 1960

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. White WH: Two cases of intra-cranial aneurysm in young adults, unaffected with malignant endocarditis or syphilis. Trans Clin Soc (London) 28: 5–9, 1895

    Google Scholar 

  158. Zielinski HW: Augensymptome bei intracraniellen Aneurysmen und Angiomen. Buch Augenarzt 28: 1–55, 1957

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medical Center School of Medicine, West Virginia University, 26506, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA

    John L. Fox M.D. (Professor of Neurosurgery)

Authors
  1. John L. Fox M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1983 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Fox, J.L. (1983). Signs and Symptoms. In: Intracranial Aneurysms. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5437-9_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5437-9_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-5439-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-5437-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation