Skip to main content

The Cerebrospinal Fluid

  • Chapter
Intracranial Aneurysms
  • 132 Accesses

Abstract

Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for diseases of the nervous system began with Quincke with his reports in 1872 (34a) and 1891 (34) (see Chapter 1). He popularized the use of spinal puncture (spinal tap) in the lumbar region (lumbar puncture; LP) mainly for the diagnosis and treatment of hydrocephalus. However, one of his cases did have an intracranial bleed. He measured the opening and closing CSF pressures, the amount removed, the specific gravity, and the protein concentration. This set the stage for confirmation of subarachnoid hemorrhage, a diagnosis presently made by visual CSF examination and, more recently, computerized tomography.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Bibliography

  1. Adams JE, Prawirohardjo S: Fate of red blood cells injected into cerebrospinal fluid pathways. Neurology 9: 561–564, 1959

    Google Scholar 

  2. Barrows LJ, Hunter FT, Banker BQ: The nature and clinical significance of pigments in the cerebrospinal fluid. Brain 78: 59–80, 1955

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Buckell M: Biochemical aspects of ruptured aneurysms. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 30: 586, 1967

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Chavany G-A, Guiot G, Poloukhine P: Sur certaines formes mortelles d’hémorragie ménigée de cause anévrysmale. La forme hypothalamique. Le rôle du spasme carotidien artériographiquement décelable et l’utilité diagnostique de la ponction lombaire tardive. Presse Med 60: 1803–1805, 1952

    Google Scholar 

  5. Collier J, Adie WJ: Cerebral vascular lesions. In Price FW (ed.): A Textbook of the Practice of Medicine. London, Henry Frowde and Hodder & Stoughton, 1922, pp. 1348–1365

    Google Scholar 

  6. Davis L, Davis RA: Intracranial aneurysms. In Davis L, Davis RA (eds.): Principles of Neurological Surgery. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1963, pp. 184–192

    Google Scholar 

  7. Dekaban A, McEachem D: Subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, and intracranial aneurysms. Arch Neurol Psychiat 67: 641–649, 1952

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Dorland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 25th ed. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1974

    Google Scholar 

  9. Dupont J-R, Van Wart CA, Kraintz L: The clearance of major components of whole blood from cerebrospinal fluid following simulated subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 20: 450–455, 1961

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Fishman RA: Cerebrospinal fluid. In Baker AB (ed.): Clinical Neurology, Vol. 1, 2nd ed. New York, Harper & Row, 1962, pp. 350–388

    Google Scholar 

  11. Fox JL, Albin MS, Bader DCH, et al.: Microsurgical treatment of neurovascular disease. Neurosurgery 3: 285–337, 1978

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Froin G: Les Hémorragies Sous-Arachnoidiennes et le Mécanisme de PHématolyse en général. Paris, Steinheil, 1904

    Google Scholar 

  13. Froman C, Smith AC: Hyperventilation associated with low pH of cerebrospinal fluid after intracranial haemorrhage. Lancet 1: 780–782, 1966

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Froman C, Smith AC: Metabolic acidosis of the cerebrospinal fluid associated with subarachnoid haemorrhage. Lancet 1: 965–967, 1967

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Fujishima M, Sugi T, Choki J, et al.: Cerebrospinal fluid and arterial lactate, pyruvate and acid- base balance in patients with intracranial hemorrhages. Stroke 6: 707–714, 1975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Granholm L: The effect of blood in the CSF on the CSF lactate, pyruvate and bicarbonate concentrations. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 23: 361–366, 1969

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Greenblatt SH: Cerebrospinal fluid creatine phosphokinase in acute subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 44: 50–54, 1976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Greenfield JG, Carmichael EA: The Cerebrospinal Fluid in Clinical Diagnosis. London, Macmillan & Co, 1925, pp. 50–52

    Google Scholar 

  19. Grubb RL, Raichle ME, Eichling JO, et al.: Effects of subarachnoid hemorrhage on cerebral blood volume, blood flow, and oxygen utilization in humans. J Neurosurg 46: 446–453, 1977

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Hamby WB: Intracranial Aneurysms. Springfield, 111., Charles C Thomas, 1952

    Google Scholar 

  21. Hamby WB: Remarks concerning intracranial aneurysm surgery. Clin Neurosurg 17: 1–17, 1970

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Heidrich R: Subarachnoid haemorrhage. In Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW: Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Vol 12. Vascular Diseases of the Nervous System, Part II. Amsterdam, North Holland, 1972, pp. 68–204

    Google Scholar 

  23. Inaba Y, Umeo I: Cerebrospinal fluid cytology after subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 51: 352–354, 1979

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Jackson IJ: Aseptic hemogenic meningitis. An experimental study of aseptic meningeal reactions due to blood and its breakdown products. Arch Neurol Psychiat 62: 572–589, 1949

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Kennady JC: Investigations of the early fate and removal of subarachnoid blood. Pacif Med Surg 75: 163–168, 1967

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Kronholm V, Lintrup J: Spectropho tome trie investigations of the cerebrospinal fluid in near-ultraviolet region. A possible diagnostic aid in diseases of the central nervous system. Acta Psychiat Scand 35: 314–329, 1960

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Lindsay JSB: Some observations on spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage. NZ Med J 49: 722–731, 1950

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Madonick MJ, Savitsky N: Spinal fluid sugar in subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Nerv Ment Dis 108: 45–53, 1948

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Matthews WF, Frommeyer WB Jr. The in vitro behavior of erythrocytes in human cerebrospinal fluid. J Lab Clin Med 45: 508–515, 1955

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. McMenemey WH: The significance of subarachnoid bleeding. Proc Roy Soc Med 47: 701–704, 1954

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Merritt HH, Fremont-Smith F: The Cerebrospinal Fluid. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1937, pp. 197–208

    Google Scholar 

  32. Milian G, Chiray: Méningite à pneumocoques. Xanthochromic du liquide céphalo-rachidien. Bull Soc Anat Paris 4: 550–552, 1902

    Google Scholar 

  33. Ohler WR, Hurwitz D: Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. JAMA 98: 1856–1861, 1932

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Patten BM: How much blood makes the cerebrospinal fluid bloody? JAMA 206: 378, 1968

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Quincke H: Die Lumbalpunction des Hydrocephalus. Berl Klin Wochenschr 28: 929–933, 1891

    Google Scholar 

  36. Quincke H: Zur Physiologie der Cerebrospinalfliissigkeit. Arch Anat Physiol pp. 153–177, 1872

    Google Scholar 

  37. Richardson JC, Hyland HH: Intracranial aneurysms. A clinical and pathological study of subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage caused by berry aneurysms. Medicine 20: 1–83, 1941

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Roost KT, Pimstone NR, Diamond I, et al.: Formation of cerebrospinal fluid xanthochromia after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Enzymatic conversion of hemoglobin to bilirubin by the arachnoid and choroid plexus. Neurology 22: 973–977, 1972

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Rothenberg SF, Penka EJ, Garrity RW: A new isotope method for detecting continued or recurrent bleeding after subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 5: 215–222, 1958

    Google Scholar 

  40. Sambrook MA, Hutchinson EC, Aber GM: Metabolic studies in subarachnoid haemorrhage and strokes. II. Serial changes in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma area electrolytes and osmolality. Brain 96: 191–202, 1973

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Shannon DC, Shone N, Kazemi H: Acid-base balance in hemorrhagic cerebrospinal fluid. Neurology 22: 585–589, 1972

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Sicard J-A: Chromodiagnostic du liquide céphalo-rachidien dans les hémorragies du névraxe. Valeur de la teinte jaunatre. CR Soc Biol 53: 1050–1053, 1901

    Google Scholar 

  43. Simmonds WJ: The absorption of blood from cerebrospinal fluid in animals. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci 30: 261–270, 1952

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Simmonds WJ: The absorption of labelled erythrocytes from the subarachnoid space in rabbits. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci 31: 77–83, 1953

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Simmonds WJ: The subarachnoid space: some experimental approaches to its pathology. Med J Aust 2: 452–456, 1953

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Stehbens WH: Pathology of the Cerebral Blood Vessels. St. Louis, Mosby, 1972

    Google Scholar 

  47. Sugi T, Fujishima M, Omae T: Lactate and pyruvate concentrations, and acid-base balance of cerebrospinal fluid in experimentally induced intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage in dogs. Stroke 6: 715–719, 1975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Symonds CP: Spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage. Q J Med 18: 93–122, 1924–1925

    Google Scholar 

  49. Toole JF, Patel AN: Cerebrovascular Disorders, 2nd ed. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1974, pp. 280–313

    Google Scholar 

  50. Tourtellotte WW, Metz LN, Bryan ER, et al.: Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. Factors affecting the cerebrospinal fluid. Neurology 14: 301–306, 1964

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Tourtellotte WW, Simpson JF, Metz LN, et al.: Intracranial hemorrhage and cerebrospinal fluid. In Fields WS, Sahs Al (eds.): Intracranial Aneurysms and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Springfield, 111., Charles C Thomas, 1965, pp. 85–93

    Google Scholar 

  52. Tourtellotte WW, Somers JF, Parker JA, et al.: A study on traumatic lumbar punctures. Neurology 8: 129–134, 1958

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Troost BT, Walker JE, Cherington M: Hypoglycorrhachia associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Arch Neurol 19: 438–442, 1968

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Van Der Meulen JP: Cerebrospinal fluid xanthochromia: an objective index. Neurology 16: 170–178, 1966

    Google Scholar 

  55. Walton JN: Subarachnoid Haemorrhage. Edinburgh, Livingstone, 1956

    Google Scholar 

  56. Wolintz AH, Jacobs LD, Christoff N: Serum and cerebrospinal fluid enzymes in cerebrovascular disease. Creatine Phosphokinase, aldolase, and lactic dehydrogenase. Arch Neurol 20: 54–61, 1969

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1983 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Fox, J.L. (1983). The Cerebrospinal Fluid. In: Intracranial Aneurysms. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5437-9_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5437-9_16

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-5439-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-5437-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics