Abstract
Numerous insects communicate with pheromones that induce attraction or directed movement toward the pheromone source. Documentation of orientation to such chemicals and their use to monitor insect pests typically require development of traps and a trapping protocol. Field trapping also has served as the bioassay in the characterization and identification of many pheromones. Among the attributes sought in a trapping system are low cost, sensitivity to and specificity for the target species and user convenience.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Baker TC, Cardé RT (1978) Disruption of gypsy moth male sex pheromone be¬havior by high frequency sound. Environ Entomol 7: 45–52.
Baker TC, Cardé RT (1979) Analysis of pheromone-mediated behavior in male Grapholitha molesta, the Oriental fruit moth (Lepidopterai Tortricidae). Environ Entomol 8: 956–968.
Baker TC, Cardé RT, Croft BA (1980) Relationship between pheromone trap capture and emergence of adult Oriental fruit moths, Grapholitha molesta (Lepidoptera:Tortricidae). Can Entomol 112: 11–16.
Baker TC, Kuenen LPS (1982) Pheromone source location in flying moths: A supplementary nonanemotactic mechanism. Science 216: 424–427.
Baker TC, Carde RT, Roelofs WL (1976) Behavioral responses of male Argyrotaenia velutinana (Lepidoptera:Tortricidae) to components of its sex pheromone. J Chem Ecol 2: 333–352.
Baker TC, Roelofs WL (1981) Initiation and termination of Oriental fruit moth male response to pheromone concentrations in the field. Environ Entomol 10: 211–218.
Bakke A (1982) Mass trapping of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus in Norway as part of an integrated control program. In: Insect Suppression with Controlled Release Pheromone Systems. Kydonieus AF, Beroza M (eds), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, Vol 2, pp 17–25.
Bakke A, Riege L (1982) The pheromone of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus and its potential use in the suppression of beetle populations. In: Insect Suppression with Controlled Release Pheromone Systems. Kydonieus AF, Beroza M (eds), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, Vol 2, pp 3–15.
Bartell RJ, Bellas TE (1981) Evidence for naturally occurring, secondary compounds of the codling moth female sex pheromone. J Aust Entomol Soc 20: 197–199.
Bartlett RJ, Jones RL, Kulman HM (1982) Evidence for a multicomponent sex pheromone in the yellowheaded spruce sawfly. J Chem Ecol 8: 83–94.
Bedard WD, Wood DL, Tilden PE, Lindahl KQ, Silverstein RM, Rodin JO (1980) Field response of the western pine beetle and one of its predators to host- and beetle-produced compounds. J Chem Ecol 6: 625–641.
Cardé RT (1979) Behavioral responses of moths to female-produced pheromone and the utilization of attractant-baited traps for population monitoring. In: Movement of Highly Mobile Insects: Concepts and Methodology in Research. Rabb RL, Kennedy GG (eds), North Carolina State University, pp 286–315.
Cardé RT (1981) Precopulatory sexual behavior of the adult gypsy moth. In: USDA Tech Bull 1584. Doane CC, McManus ML (eds), pp 572–587.
Cardé RT (1984) Chemo-orientation: Flying insects. In: Chemical Ecology of Insects. Bell WJ, Cardé RT (eds), Chapman and Hall, London, pp 111–124.
Cardé RT, Baker TC, Roelofs WL (1975a) Ethological function of components of a sex attractant system for Oriental fruit moth males, Grapholitha molesta ( Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). J Chem Ecol 1: 475–491.
Cardé RT, Baker TC, Roelofs WL (1975b) Behavioral role of individual compo¬nents of a multichemical attractant system in the Oriental fruit moth. Nature (London) 253: 348– 349.
Cardé RT, Doane CC, Baker TC, Iwaki S, Murumo S(1977a) Attractancy of optically active pheromone for male gypsy moths. Environ Entomol 6: 768– 772.
Cardé RT, Doane CC, Granett J, Hill AS, Kochansky J, Roelofs WL (1977b) Attractancy of racemic disparlure and certain analogues to male gypsy moths and the effect of trap placement. Environ Entomol 6: 765– 767.
Conner WE, Eisner T, Vander Meer RK, Guerrero A, Ghiringelli D, Meinwald J (1980) Sex attractant of an arctiid moth ( Utethesia ornatrix ): A pulsed chemical signal. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 7: 55–63.
Coppel HC, Casida JE, Dauterman WC (1960) Evidence for a potent sex attractant from the introduced pine sawfly Diprion similus. Ann Entomol Soc Amer 53: 510– 512.
Cross WH, Mitchell HC, Hardee DD (1976) Boll weevils: Response to light sources and colors on traps. Environ Entomol 5: 565–571.
Daterman GE (1978) Monitoring and early detection. In: The Douglas-fir Tussock Moth: A Synthesis. USDA Tech Bull 1505. Brookes MH, Stark RW, Campbell RW (eds), pp 99– 102.
Daterman GE (1980) Pheromone responses of forest Lepidoptera: Implications for dispersal and pest management. In: Dispersal of Forest Insects: Evaluation, Theory and Management Implications. Berryman AA, Safranyik L (eds), Washington State University, pp 251– 265.
Den Otter CJ, Klinjnstra JW (1980) Behaviour of male summerfruit tortrix moth, Adoxophyes orana ( Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), to synthetic and natural sex pheromone. Entomol Exp Appl 28 : 15–21.
Doane CC, Brooks TW (1980) Research and development of pheromones for insect control with emphasis on the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella. In: Management of Insect Pests with Semiochemicals: Concepts and Practice. Mitchell ER (ed), Plenum, New York, pp 285–303.
Elkinton JS, Cardé RT (1980) Distribution, dispersal, and apparent survival of male gypsy moths as determined by capture in pheromone-baited traps. Environ Entomol 9: 729–737.
Elkinton JS, Cardé RT (1981) The use of pheromone traps to monitor distribution and population trends of the gypsy moth. In: Management of Insect Pests with Semiochemicals: Concepts and Practice. Mitchell ER (ed), Plenum, New York, pp 41–55.
Elkinton JS, Cardé RT (1984) The effect of wild and laboratory-reared female gypsy moths (Lepidoptera:Lymantriidae) on the capture of males in pheromone-baited traps. Environ Entomol 13 (in press).
Elkinton JS, Childs RW (1983) Efficiency of two gypsy moth ( Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) pheromone-baited traps. Environ Entomol 12: 1519–1525.
Farkas SR, Shorey HH (1972) Chemical trail-following by flying insects: A mechanism for orientation to a distant odor source. Science 176: 67–68.
Granett J (1973) A disparlure-baited trap for capturing large numbers of gypsy moths. J Econ Entomol 66: 359– 362.
Granett J (1974) Estimation of male mating potential of gypsy moths with disparlure baited traps. Environ Entomol 3: 383– 385.
Hardee DD (1982) Mass trapping and trap cropping of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman. In: Insect Suppression with Controlled Release Pheromone Systems. Kydonieus AF, Beroza M (eds), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, Vol 2, pp 65– 71.
Howell JF (1974) The competitive effect of field populations of codling moth on sex attractant trap efficiency. Environ Entomol 3: 803– 807.
Kennedy JS, Marsh D (1974) Pheromone-regulated anemotaxis in flying moths. Science 184 : 999– 1001.
Kochansky JP, Cardé RT, Taschenberg EF, Roelofs WL (1977) Rhythms of male Antheraea polyphemus attraction and female attractiveness, and an improved pheromone systhesis. J Chem Ecol 3 : 419– 427.
Knipling EF (1979) The basic principles of insect population suppression and management. Agriculture Handbook 512 USDA, Washington.
Ladd TL Jr, Klein MG (1982) Trapping Japanese beetles with synthetic female sex pheromone and food-type lures. In: Insect Suppression with Controlled Release Pheromone Systems. Kydonieus AF, Beroza M (eds), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, Vol 2, pp 57– 64.
Lewis T, Macaulay EDM (1976) Design and elevation of sex-attractant traps for pea moth, Cydia nigricana ( Steph.) and the effect of plume shape on catches. Ecol Entomol 1: 175–187.
Lingren PD, Sparks AN, Raulston JR, Wolf WW (1978) Applications for noctur¬nal studies of insects. Bull Entomol Soc Am 24: 206– 212.
McLaughlin JR, Brogdon JE, Agee HR, Mitchell ER (1975) Effect of trap color on captures of male cabbage loopers and soybean loopers in double-cone pheromone traps. J Georgia Entomol Soc 10: 174– 179.
Mastro VC, Richerson JR, Cameron EA (1977) An evaluation of gypsy moth pheromone-baited traps using behavioral observations as a measure of trap efficiency. Environ Entomol 6: 128– 132.
Minks AK (1977) Trapping with behavior-modifying chemicals: Feasibility and limitations. In: Chemical Control of Insect Behavior. Shorey HH, McKelvey JJ (eds), Wiley Interscience, New York, pp 385– 394.
Minks AK, DeJong DJ (1975) Determination of spraying dates for Adoxophyes orana by sex pheromone traps and temperature recordings. J Econ Entomol 68: 729– 732.
Mitchell ER, Webb JC, Baumhover AH, Hines RW, Stanley JM, Endris RG, Lindquist DA, Masuda S (1972) Evaluation of cylindrical electric grids as phero¬mone traps for loopers and tobacco budworms. Environ Entomol 1: 365– 368.
Perry JN, Wall C, Greenway AR (1980) Latin-square designs in field experiments involving insect sex-attractants. Ecol Entomol 5: 385– 396.
Ramaswamy SB, Cardé RT (1982) Nonsaturating traps and long-life lures for monitoring spruce budworm males. J Econ Entomol 75: 126– 129.
Ramaswamy SB, Cardé RT, Witter JA (1983) Relationship between catch in pheromone-baited traps and larval density of the spruce budworm ( Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Can Entomol 115: 1437–1443.
Riedl H (1980) The importance oi pheromone trap density and trap maintenance for the development of standardized monitoring procedures for the codling moth (Lepidoptera:Tortricidae). Can Entomol 112: 655– 663.
Riedl H, Croft BA, Howitt AJ (1976) Forecasting codling moth phenology based on pheromone trap catches and physiological time models. Can Entomol 108: 449– 460.
Riedl H, Hoying SA, Barnett WW, Detar JE (1979) Relationship of within-tree placement of the pheromone trap to codling moth catches. Environ Entomol 8: 765– 769.
Roelofs WL, Class EH, Tette J, Comeau A (1970) Sex pheromone trapping for red-banded leaf roller control: Theoretical and actual. J Econ Entomol 63: 1162.
Sanders CJ (1978) Evaluation of sex attractant traps for monitoring spruce bud¬worm populations (Lepidoptera:Tortricidae). Can Entomol 110: 43– 50.
Sanders CJ (1981) Sex attractant traps: Their role in management of spruce bud¬worm. In: Management of Insect Pests with Semiochemicals. Mitchell ER (ed), Plenum, New York, pp 75– 91.
Schwalbe CP (1981) Disparlure-baited traps for survey and detection: In: The Gypsy Moth: Research Toward Integrated Pest Management. Doane CC, McManus ML (eds), USDA Tech Bull 1584, pp 542, 549.
Schwalbe CP, Paszek EC (1978) Preliminary evaluation of large capacity traps. Progress Report, APHIS, Gypsy Moth Methods Development Laboratory, April 1, to September 30,1978. Otis Air Force Base, Mass.
Sen PK (1968) On a class of aligned rank order tests in two-way layouts. Ann Math Stat 39: 1115– 1124.
Snedecor GW, Cochran WG (1980) Statistical Methods, 7th ed. Iowa State Uni¬versity Press, Ames.
Sokal RR, Rohlf FJ (1969) Biometry. Freeman, San Francisco, pp 239– 246.
Stanley JM, Webb JC, Wolf WW, Mitchell ER (1976) Electrocutor grid insect traps for research purposes. Trans Am Soc Agric Eng 20: 175– 178.
Tilden PE, Bedard WD, Lindahl KQ, Wood DL (1983) Trapping Dendroctonus brevicomis: Changes in attractant release rate, dispersion of attractant and silhouette. J Chem Ecol 9: 311–321.
Timmons GM, Potter DA (1981) Influence of pheromone trap color on capture of lilac borer males. Environ Entomol 10 : 756– 759.
Wall C, Perry JN (1978) Interactions between pheromone traps for the pea moth, Cydia nigricana ( F. ). Entomol Exp Appl 24: 155–162.
Wall C, Perry JN (1980) Effect of spacing and trap numbers on interactions be¬tween pea moth pheromone traps. Entomol Exp Appl 28 : 313– 321.
Wall C, Perry JN (1981) Effects of dose and attractant on interactions between pheromone traps for the pea moth, Cydia nigricana ( F. ). Entomol Exp Appl 30: 26–30.
Wall C, Perry JN (1982) The behaviour of moths responding to pheromone sour¬ces in the field: A basis for discussion. Les Médiateurs chimiques INRA Coll 7 : 171–188.
Wall C, Sturgeon DM, Greenway AR, Perry JN (1981) Contamination of vegeta¬tion with synthetic sex-attractant released from traps for the pea moth, Cydia nigricana ( F. ). Entomol Exp Appl 30 : 111–115.
Webb RE (1982) Mass trapping of the gypsy moth. In: Insect Suppression with Controlled Release Pheromone Systems. Kydonieus AF, Beroza M (eds), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, Vol 2, pp 27–56.
Webb JC, Agee HR, Stanley JM (1978) Electrocutor grid trap arcing sounds- Analysis and bollworm moth detection. Trans Amer Soc Agric Eng 21:982– 985.
Welch SM, Croft BA, Michels MF (1981) Validation of pest management models. Environ Entomol 10 : 425–432.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1984 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Cardé, R.T., Elkinton, J.S. (1984). Field Trapping with Attractants: Methods and Interpretation. In: Hummel, H.E., Miller, T.A. (eds) Techniques in Pheromone Research. Springer Series in Experimental Entomology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5220-7_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5220-7_4
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9743-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-5220-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive