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The Distinctive Properties of Andosols

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Advances in Soil Science

Part of the book series: Advances in Soil Science ((SOIL,volume 2))

Abstract

Most soils derived from volcanic ash and pumice show distinctive properties that are not found in soils derived from other parent materials under the same vegetation and climate. Thorp and Smith (1949) first recognized them as a great soil group and gave them the tentative name Ando soils; Ando means dark soils in Japanese. They noted a wide distribution of these soils in deposits of volcanic ash not only in Japan but in other parts of the world. The Ando soils consist, primarily, of dark brown to black A1 horizons, averaging about 30 cm thick, of fine crumb or granular structure with the organic content close to 8% on average and ranging up to 30% in the darkest members of the group. Some members of the group have distinct B horizons with more clay than A horizons, but the younger members are essentially AC soils. The soils have low exchangeable “bases” and occur in humid to perhumid climates with temperature efficiency ranging from cool mesothermal to tropical. Natural vegetation varies from place to place and includes broad-leaved and coniferous forest types often with an understory of bamboo. Thorp and Smith (1949) had some difficulty in deciding whether Ando soils should be placed in the zonal or intrazonal orders, because they did not know whether the dark color of the soils was caused by vegetation or by the soils’ parent material.

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  1. Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University 46, Fukuoka, 812, Japan

    Koji Wada

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  1. USDA Conservation Production Research Laboratory, 79012, Bushland, Texas, USA

    B. A. Stewart

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Wada, K. (1985). The Distinctive Properties of Andosols. In: Stewart, B.A. (eds) Advances in Soil Science. Advances in Soil Science, vol 2. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5088-3_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5088-3_4

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