Skip to main content

Prospects for the Development of Safer Antipsychotic Agents for the Treatment of the Elderly

  • Conference paper
Aging 2000: Our Health Care Destiny
  • 61 Accesses

Summary

Treatment of psychoses in the elderly is complicated by effects of aging on drug absorption, metabolism, and toxicity. Not all of the effects are well understood and considerable research remains to be done to improve the safety and efficacy of antipsychotic drugs in the elderly.

Neurological side effects, particularly tardive dyskinesia (TD) remain a serious problem. The incidence, prevalence, persistence, and severity of TD all appear to be substantially greater in the elderly, even allowing for the presence of some cases of spontaneous dyskinesias in older-patient polulations.

The possibilities for developing or identifying safer antipsychotic drugs and the clinical strategies needed to test them are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Baldessarini, R.J., Cole, J.O., Davis, J.M., Gardos, G., Preskorn, S.H., Simpson, G.M., and Tarsy, D.: Tardive dyskinesia: A Task Force Report of the American Psychiatric Association. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borison, R.L., Fields, J.Z., and Diamond, B.I.: Site-specific blockade of dopamine receptors by neuroleptic agents in human brain. Neuropharmacology 20, 1321–1322 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, A., and Baldessarini, R.J.: Effects of maturation and aging on behavioral responses to haloperidol in the rat. Psychopharmacology(Berlin) 73, 219–222 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, T.B., and Robinson, D.S.: Pharmacokinetics of neuroleptic drugs in the aged. In Raskin, A., Robinson, D.S., and Levine, J. (Eds.), Age and the Pharmacology of Psychoactive Drugs, pp. 181–189. New York: Elsevier, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  • Costall, B., and Naylor, R.J.: Detection of the neuroleptic properties of clozapine, sulpiride and thioridazine. Psychopharmacologia 43, 69–75 (1975).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fann, W.E., Smith, R.C., Davis, J.M., and Domino, E.F. (Eds.), Tardive Dyskinesia: Research and Treatment. New York: Spectrum Publications, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedel, R.O.: Pharmacokinetics in the geropsychiatric patient. In Lipton, M.A., DiMascio, A., and Killam, K.F. (Eds.), Psychopharmacology: A Generation of Progress. New York: Raven, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gianutsos, G., and Moore, K.E.: Dopaminergic supersensitivity in striatum and olfactory tubercle following chronic administration of haloperidol or clozapine. Life Sci. 20, 1585–1592 (1977).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gunne, L.M.: Studies on the pathophysiology of persistent neuroleptic-induced dyskinesia. Paper presented at American College of Neuropsychopharma- cology, San Juan, Puerto Rico, Dec. 12-16, 1983 (unpublished).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunne, L.M., and Barany, S.: Haloperidol-induced tardive dyskinesia in monkeys. Psychopharmacology 50, 237–340 (1976).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jeste, D.V., and Wyatt, R.J.: Understanding and Treating Tardive Dyskinesia. New York: Guilford, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kane, J.M., Rifkin, A., Woerner, M., Reardon, G., Sarantakos, S., Schiebel, D., and Ramos-Lorenzi, J.: Low dose neuroeptics in the treatment of outpatient

    Google Scholar 

  • schizophrenics: I. Relapse rates: preliminary results. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 40, 893–896 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kane, J.M., and Smith, J.M.: Tardive dyskinesia: Prevalence and risk factors 1959-1979. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 39, 473–481 (1982).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kane, J.M., Weinhold, P., Kinon, B., Wegner, J., and Leader, M.L.: Prevalence of abnormal involuntary movements (spontaneous dyskinesias) in the normal elderly. Psychopharmacology 77, 105–108 (1982a).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kane, J.M., Woerner, M., Weinhold, P., Wegner, J., and Kinon, B.: A prospective study of tardive dyskinesia development: Preliminary results. J. Clin. Psychopharmacology 2, 345–349 (1982b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kane, J.M., Woerner, M., Weinhold, P., Wegner, J., and Kinon, B.: A prospective study of tardive dyskinesia development: Preliminary results. J. Clin. Psychopharmacology 2, 345–349 (1982b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klawans, H.L., and Barr, A.: Prevalence of spontaneous lingual-facial-buccal dyskinesias in the elderly. Neurology 32, 558–559 (1982).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lieberman, J., Kane, J.M., Woerner, M., and Weinhold, P.: Prevalence of tardive dyskinesia in elderly patients. Psychopharm. Bull. 20: 22–26 (1984).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prien, R.F., Haber, P.A., and Caffey, E.M.: The use of psychoactive drugs in elderly patients with psychiatric disorders. J. Am. Geriatric Soc. 23, 104-112 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, G.P., Cowey, L., Rossor, M.N., and Iversen, L.L.: Thioridazine is not specific for limbic dopamine receptors. Lancet 2, 499–500 (1982).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sayers, A.C., Burki, H.R., Ruch, W., and Asper, H.: Neuroleptic-induced hypersensitivity of striatal dopamine receptors in the rat as a model of tardive dyskinesia. Effects of clozapine, haloperidol, loxapine, and chlorpromazine. Psychopharmacologia 41, 97–104 (1975).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scatton, B.: Differential regional development of tolerance to increased dopamine turnover upon repeated neuroleptic administration. Eur. J. Pharmacol 46, 363–369 (1977).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, J.M., and Baldessarini, R.J.: Changes in prevalence, severity and recovery in tardive dyskinesia with age. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 37, 1368–1373 (1980).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, R.C., and Davis, J.M.: Behavioral evidence for supersensitivity after chronic administration of haloperidol, clozapine, and thioridazine. Life Sci. 19, 725–732 (1976).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, R.C., and Leelavathi, D.E.: Behavioral and biochemical effects of chronic neuroleptic drugs: Interaction with age. In Fann, W.E., Smith, R.C., Davis, J.M. etal. (Eds.), Tardive Dyskinesia: Research & Treatment. New York: SP Medical and Scientific Books, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanner, R.H., and Domino, E.F.: Exaggerated response to (+) amphetamine in geriatric gerbils. Gerontology 23, 165–173 (1977).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Varga, B., Sugarman, A.A., Varga, V., Zomorodo, A., and Zomorodi, W.: Prevalence of spontaneous oral dyskinesia in the elderly. Am. J. Psychiatry 139, 329–331 (1982).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waldmeir, P.C., and Maitre, L.: Clozapine: reduction of the initial dopamine turnover increase by repeated treatment. Eur. J. Pharmacol 38, 197–203 (1976).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White, F.J., and Wang, R.Y.: Differential effects of classical and atypical antipsychotic drugs on A 9 and A 10 dopamine neurons. Science 221, 1054–1057 (1983).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1985 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this paper

Cite this paper

Kane, J.M. (1985). Prospects for the Development of Safer Antipsychotic Agents for the Treatment of the Elderly. In: Gaitz, C.M., Samorajski, T. (eds) Aging 2000: Our Health Care Destiny. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5058-6_28

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5058-6_28

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9544-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-5058-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics