Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Cerebrovascular Surgery pp 129–179Cite as

Neurological Evaluation in Cerebrovascular Disease

  • Chapter

  • 103 Accesses

Abstract

The problem of stroke seemed simple 30 years ago. There was no recognized therapy and few methods available to study patients for an understanding of basic mechanisms of their disease. In fact, the pathophysiology was understood poorly—or not at all. The prevailing notion was that vasospasm of a cerebral vessel caused most strokes. The chapters in these volumes, as well as other current books, detail this accumulation of knowledge thoroughly. 76,92,130

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Abbie AA: The clinical significance of the anterior choroidal artery, Brain 56:233–246, 1933

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Acheson J, Hutchinson EC: Observations on the natural history of transient cerebral ischemia, Lancet 2:871–874, 1964

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Aleksie SN, George AE: Pure motor hemiplegia with occlusion of the extracranial carotid artery, J Neurol Sci19:331–339, 1973

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Antin SP, Prockop LD, Cohen SM: Transient hemiballism, Neurology (Minneap) 17:1068–1072, 1967

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Atkinson WJ: The anterior inferior cerebellar artery. Its variations, pontine distribution and significance in the surgery of cerebello-pontine angle tumors, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 12:137–151, 1949

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Barnett HJM: Embolism in mitral valve prolapse, Ann Rev Med 33:489–507, 1982

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Barnett HJM, Jones MW, Boughner DR, et al: Cerebral ischemic events associated with prolapsing mitral valve, Arch Neurol 33:777–782, 1976

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Bean WB: Infarction of the heart. III Clinical course and morphological findings, Ann Intern Med 12:71–94, 1938

    Google Scholar 

  9. Beaujean M, Linnet R, Amici R, et al: Parodoxical embolism, J Cardiovas Surg 19:365–368, 1978

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Bender MB: Syndrome of isolated confusion with amnesia. J Hillside Hosp 5:212–215, 1956

    Google Scholar 

  11. Benson DF, Marsden CD, Meadows JC: The amnesic syndrome of posterior cerebral artery occlusion, Acta Neurol Scand 50:133–145, 1974

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Benson DR, Segarra JM, Albert ML: Visual agnosia-prosopagnosia, Arch Neurol 30:307–310, 1947

    Google Scholar 

  13. Berenson GS, Geer JC: Heart disease in the Hurler and Marfan syndromes, Med III: 58–69, 1963

    Google Scholar 

  14. Brust JCM: Transient ischemic attacks: natural history and anticoagulation, Neurology (Minneap) 27:701–707, 1977

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Burnbaum MD, Selhorst JB, Harbison JW, et al: Amaurosis fugax from disease of the external carotid artery. Arch Neurol 34:532–535, 1977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Caplan LR: The frontal artery sign. A bedside indicator of internal carotid occlusive disease N Engl J Med 288:1008–1009, 1973

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Caplan LR: Top of the basilar syndrome, Neurology (Minneap) 30:72–79, 1980

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Caplan LR, Goodwin JA: Lateral tegmental brainstem hemorrhages, Neurology (NY) 32:252–260, 1982

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Caplan LR, Hedley-Whyte T: Cueing and memory dysfunction in alexia without agraphia, a case report, Brain 97:251–262, 1974

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Carter HB: Clinical aspects of cerebral infarction. In Vinken PJ, and Bruyn GW (eds.): Handbook of Clinical Neurology vol 22. American Elsevier Publishing Co., Inc, New York, 1972 pp 292–326

    Google Scholar 

  21. Castaigne P, Buge A, Escourolle R, et al: Ramollissement pédonculaire médian, tégmentothalamique avec ophthalmoplégie et hypersomnie (étude anatomo-clinique), Rév Neurol (Paris)106:357–367, 1962

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Castaigne P, Lhermitte F, Buge A, et al: Paramedian thalamic and midbrain infarcts: clinical and neuropathological study, Ann Neurol 10:127–148, 1981

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Chase NE, Kricheff II: Cerebral angiography in the evaluation of patients with cerebrovascular disease, Radiol Cl N A 4:131–144, 1966

    Google Scholar 

  24. Citron BP, Halpern M, McCarron M: Necrotizing angiitis associated with drug abuse, N Eng J Med 283:1003–1011, 1970

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Cocito L, Favale E, Reni L: Epileptic seizures in cerebral arterial occlusive disease, Stroke 13:189–195, 1982

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Cross JN, Castro P0, Jennett WB: Cerebral strokes associated with pregnancy and the puerperium, Br Med J 3:214–218, 1968

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Cushing H, Bailey P: Tumors arising from the blood vessels of the brain, London: Baillière, Tindall and Cox and Springfield Ill, Charles C Thomas Publishers, Baltimore, 1928

    Google Scholar 

  28. Davison C: Syndrome of the anterior spinal artery of the medulla oblongata, Arch Neurol Psychiat 37:91–107, 1937

    Google Scholar 

  29. Davison C, Goodhart SP, Savitsky N: The syndrome of the superior cerebellar artery and its branches, Arch Neurol Psychiat 33:1143–1174, 1935

    Google Scholar 

  30. De Garis GF: Modes of origin of the subclavian artery in whites and negroes, with the report of a case of anomalous right subclavian artery, Anat Rec 26:235–240, 1923

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Donnan GA, Tress BM, Bladin PF: A prospective study of lacunar infarction using computerized tomography, Neurology (Minneap) 32:49–56, 1982

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Easton JD, Sherman DG: Management of cerebral embolism of cardiac origin, Stroke 11:433–442, 1980

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Edmeads J: The headaches of ischemic cerebrovascular disease, Headache 19:345–349, 1979

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Estanol B, Radriques A, Conte G, et al: Intracranial venous thrombosis in young women, Stroke 10:680–684, 1979

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Fields WS: Collateral circulation in cerebrovascular disease, in Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW (eds): Handbook of Clinical Neurology, North Holland Publishers and American Elsevier Co., Inc., New York, 1972, pp 168–182

    Google Scholar 

  36. Fields WS, Bruetman ME, Weibel J: Collateral circulation of the brain, Williams & Wilkins Publishers, Baltimore, 1965

    Google Scholar 

  37. Fisher CM: Observations of the fundus oculi in transient monocular blindness, Neurology (Minneap) 9:333–347, 1959

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Fisher CM: Ocular bobbing, Arch Neurol 11:543–546, 1964

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Fisher CM: Pure sensory stroke involving face, arm and leg, Neurology (Minneap) 15:76–80, 1965

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Fisher CM: Augmentation bruit of the vertebral artery, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 29:343–345, 1966

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Fischer CM: Some neuro-ophthalmologic observations, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 30: 383–392, 1967

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Fisher CM: A lacunar stroke. The dysarthria-clumsy hand syndrome, Neurology (Minneap) 17:614–617, 1967

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Fisher CM: The arterial lesions underlying lacunes, Acta Neuropath (Berlin) 12:1–15, 1969

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Fisher CM: Facial pulses in internal carotid occlusion, Neurology (Minneap) 20:476–478, 1970

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Fisher CM: Cerebral ischemia—less familiar types. Clin Neurosurg 18:267–336, 1971

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Fisher CM: Clinical syndromes in cerebral thrombosis, hypertensive hemorrhage, and ruptured saccular aneurysm, Clin Neurosurg 22:117–147, 1975

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Fisher CM: The natural history of carotid occlusion, in Austin G (ed.), Microneurosurgical Anastomoses for Cerebral Ischemia, Charles C Thomas Publishers, Springfield, Ill, 1976, pp 194–201

    Google Scholar 

  48. Fisher CM: Thalamic pure sensory stroke: A pathologic study, Neurology (New York) 28:1141–1144, 1978

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Fisher CM: Capsular infarcts, Arch Neurol 36:65–73, 1979

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Fisher CM, Adams RD: Observations on brain embolism with special reference to the mechanism of hemorrhagic infarction, J Neuropath Exp Neurol 10:92–94, 1951

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Fisher CM, Adams RD: Transient global amnesia, Trans Amer Neurol Assoc 83:143–146, 1958

    Google Scholar 

  52. Fisher CM, Cole M: Homolateral ataxia and crural paresis—a vascular syndrome, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 28:48–55, 1965

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Fisher CM, Curry HB: Pure motor hemiplegia of vascular origin, Arch Neurol (Chicago) 13:30–44, 1965

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Fisher CM, Karnes WE, Kubic CS: Lateral medullary infarction—the pattern of vascular occlusion, J Neuropath Exp Neurol 20:323–379, 1961

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Fisher M. Davidson RL. Marcus EM: Transcient focal cerebral ischemia as a a presenting manifestation of unruptured cerebral aneurysms, Ann Neurol 8:367–136, 1964

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Fowler NO, Gause R: The cervical venous hum, Am Heart J 67:135–136, 1964

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Fowler NO, Marshall WJ: Cardiac diagnosis from examination of arteries and veins, Circulation 30:272–283, 1964

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Fowler NO, Marshall WJ: The supraclavicular arterial bruit, Am Heart J 69:410–418, 1965

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Freeman W, Jaffe D: Occlusion of the superior cerebellar artery, Arch Neurol Psychiat 46:115–126, 1941

    Google Scholar 

  60. Gazzaniga AB, Dalen JE: Paradoxical embolism: its pathophysiology and clinical recognition, Ann Surg 171:137–142, 1970

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Gillilan LA: The correlation of the blood supply of the human brain stem with clinical brain stem lesions, J Neuropath Exp Neurol 23:78–108, 1964

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Glaser JS: Topical Diagnosis: Retrochiasmal visual pathways, in Glaser JS (ed.), Neuro-ophthalmology, Harper & Row, Publishers, Hagers-town/New York/San Francisco/London, 1978, p 158

    Google Scholar 

  63. Goldblatt D, Markesbery W. Reeves AG: Recurrrent hemichorea following striatal lesions, Arch Neurol 31:51–54, 1974

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Greene HH, Bennett DR: Transient global amnesia with a previously unreported EEG abnormality, Electroenceph and Clin Neurophysiol 36:409–413, 1974

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Guillain G, Mollaret P, Bertrand I: Sur la lésion résponsable du syndrome myoclonique du tronc cérébral. Étude anatomique d’un cas demonstratif sans lesions locales, Rév Neurol 2:666–675, 1933

    Google Scholar 

  66. Hanson MR, Conomy JP, Hodgman JR: Brain events associated with mitral valve prolapse, Stroke 11:499–506, 1980

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Hardison JE: Cervical venous hum: a clue to the diagnosis of intracranial arteriovenous mal-formations, N Engl J Med 278:587–590, 1968

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Harrison MJG, Marshall J, Thomas DJ: Relevance of duration of transient ischemic attacks in carotid territory, Br Med J 1:1578–1579, 1978

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Hawkins TD: The collateral anastomosis in cerebrovascular occlusion. Clin Radiol 17:203–219, 1966

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Heathfield KWG, Croft PB, Swash M: The syndrome of transient global amnesia, Brain 96:729–736, 1973

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Heros RC: Cerebellar hemorrhage and infarction, Stroke 13:106–109, 1982

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Herrmann, C, Brown JW: Palatal myoclonus: a reappraisal, J Neurol Sci 5:473–492, 1967

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Hollenhorst RW: Significance of bright plaques in the retinal arterioles, JAMA 178: 123–129, 1961

    Google Scholar 

  74. Horenstein S, Chamberlin W, Conomy J: Infarction of the fusiform and calcarine regions: agitated delirium and hemianopia, Trans Am Neurol Assoc 92:85–89, 1967

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Humphrey PRD, Marshall J: Transient ischemic attacks and strokes with recovery, prognosis and investigation, Stroke 12:765–769, 1981

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Hutchinson EC, Acheson EJ: Strokes, Natural History, Pathology, and Surgical Treatment, WB Saunders Co., Ltd., London/Philadelphia/ Toronto, 1975

    Google Scholar 

  77. Hyland HH, Forman DM: Prognosis in hemiballismus, Neurology (Minneap) 7:381–391, 1957

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Jones HR, Millikan CH: Temporal profile (clinical course) of acute carotid system cerebral infarction, Stroke 7:64–71, 1976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Jones HR, Millikan CH, Sandok BA: Temporal profile (clinical course) of acute vertebrobasilar system infarction, Stroke 11:173–177, 1980

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Kannel WB, Abbott RD, Savage DD: Epidemiologic features of chronic atrial fibrillation: the Framingham study, N Engl J Med 306:1018–1022, 1982

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Kaplan HA: Collateral circulation of the brain, Neurology (Minneap) 11:9–15, 1961

    Google Scholar 

  82. Kase CS, Maulsby GO, DeJuan: Hemichorea-hemiballism and lacunar infarction in the basal ganglia, Neurology (New York) 31:454–455, 1981

    Google Scholar 

  83. Kooikier JC, MacLean JM, Sumi SM: Cerebral embolism, marantic endocarditis and cancer, Arch Neurol 33:260–264, 1976

    Google Scholar 

  84. Kubik CS, Adams RD: Occlusion of the basilar artery: a clinical and pathological study, Brain 69:73–121, 1946

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Lazare A: Current concepts in psychiatry; con-version symptoms, N Engl J Med 305:745–748, 1981

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Lees RS, Kistler JP: Carotid Phonoangiography, in Bernstein EF (eds.): Non-invasive diagnostic techniques in vascular disease, DV Mosby Co., St. Louis, 1978, pp 187–194

    Google Scholar 

  87. Lehrer RT: Mucormycosis (UCLA Conference) Ann Int Med 93:93–108, 1980

    Google Scholar 

  88. Lie TA: Congenital anomalies of the carotid arteries including the carotid basilar and carotid-vertebral anastomoses; an angiographic study and a review of the literature. Excerpta Medica Foundation, Amsterdam, 1968

    Google Scholar 

  89. Lord RSA: Monocular transient ischemic attacks and the external carotid artery, Med J Aust 1:74–76, 1973

    Google Scholar 

  90. McDowell F, Rennie L, Erjup P: Arterial bruits in cerebrovascular disease, in Siekert RG, Whisnant JP (eds.): Cerebral Vascular Disease, Fifth Princeton Conference, Grune and Stratton, New York, 1966, pp 124–128

    Google Scholar 

  91. McHenry LC, Toole JF, Miller HS: Long term EKG monitoring in patients with cerebrovascular insufficiency. Stroke 7:264–269, 1976

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Marshall J: The Management of Cerebrovascular Disease, 3rd Ed. J.A. Churchill Ltd., London, 1975

    Google Scholar 

  93. Mathew NT, Meyer JS: Pathogenesis and natural history of transient global amnesia, Stroke 5:303–311, 1974

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Medina J, Chokroverty S, Rubino F: The syndrome of agitated delirium and visual impairment: a manifestation of medial temporo-occipital infarction, Neurology (Minneap) 26: 355, 1976

    Google Scholar 

  95. Medina JL, Diamond S, Rubino FA: Headaches in patients with transient ischemic attacks, Headache 15:194–197, 1975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Medina J, Rubino F, Ross E: Agitated delirium caused by infarction of the hippocampal formation and fusiform and lingual gyri, Neurology (Minneap) 24: 1181–1183, 1976

    Google Scholar 

  97. Melamed E, Korn-Lubetzki I, Reches A: Hemiballismus: detection of focal hemorrhage in subthalamic nucleus by CT scan, Ann Neurol 4:582, 1978

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Millikan CH: A classification and outline of cerebrovascular disease, Stroke 6:564–616, 1975

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. Mishkin MM, Schrieber MN: Collateral circulation, in Newton TH, Potts DG (eds.): Radiology of the Skull and Brain. CV Mosby Co, St. Louis, 1974, pp 2344–2374

    Google Scholar 

  100. Mohr JP: Lacunes, Stroke 13:3–11, 1982

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Mohr JP, Caplan LR, Melski JW: The Harvard cooperative stroke registry, Neurology (Min-neap) 28:754–762, 1978

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Mohr JP, Kase CS, Meckler RJ: Sensorimotor stroke due to thalamocapsular ischemia, Arch Neurol 34:739–741, 1977

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Mohr JP, Watters WC, Duncan JW: Thalamic hemorrhage and aphasia, Brain and Language 2:3–17, 1975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Moossy J, Wisotzkey H: Cerebral embolism with cardiac myxoma: clinical-pathologic aspects Trans Am Neurol Assoc 96:286–288, 1971

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Morris LK, Cuetter AC, Gunderson CH: Myotonic dystrophy, mitral valve prolapse and cerebral embolism, Stroke 13:93–94, 1982

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Norris JW, Frogatt JW, Hachinski VC: Cardiac arrhythmias in acute stroke. Stroke 9:392–393, 1978

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Norris JW, Hachinski VC, Myers MG: Serum cardiac enzymes in stroke. Stroke 10:548–553, 1979

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Norris JW, Kolin A, Hachinski VC: Focal myocardial lesions in stroke, Stroke 11:130, 1980

    Google Scholar 

  109. Paterson HJH, McKissock W: A clinical survey of intracranial angiomas with special reference to their mode of progression and surgical treatment: a report of 110 cases, Brain 79:233–266, 1956

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Patrick BA, Ramirez-Lassepas M, Snyder BD: Temporal profile of vertebrobasilar territory infarction. Prognostic implications, Stroke 11:643–647, 1980

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Pitner S: Carotid thrombosis due to intraoral trauma, N Engl J Med 274:764–767, 1966

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Plets C, De Revek J, van der Eecken H: The vascularization of the human thalamus, Acta Neurol Belg 70:687–770, 1970

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Pomerance A: Ballooning deformity-mucoid degeneration of atrioventricular valves, Br Heart J 3:343–351, 1969

    Article  Google Scholar 

  114. Price TR, Gotshall RA, Poskanzer DC, et al: Cooperative study of hospital frequency and character of transient ischemic attacks: Patients examined during an attack, JAMA 238:2512–2515, 1977

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Procacci PM, Savran SV, Schreier SL, et al: Prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in 1169 young women, N Engl J Med 294:1086–1088, 1976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Pullicino P, Nelson RF, Kendal BE, et al: Small deep infarcts diagnosed on computed tomography, Neurology (Minneap) 30:1090–1096, 1980

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Rascol A, Claret M, Manelfe C, et al: Pure motor hemiplegia: CT study of 30 cases, Stroke 13:11–17, 1982

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Raskin N: Headache as a symptom of disease, in Joynt R, Goldblatt D (eds.), Ziegler D (guest ed.): Seminars in Neurology vol 2 no 1, Thieme-Stratton Inc. 1982, pp 9–15

    Google Scholar 

  119. Reed, RL, Siekert RG, Merideth J: Rarity of transient focal cerebral ischemia in cardiac dysrhythmia, JAMA 223:893–895, 1973

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Reivich M, Holling HE, Roberts B, et al: Re-versal of blood flow through the vertebral artery and its effects on cerebral circulation, N Engl J Med 265:878–885, 1961

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Rogers L, Sweeney PJ: Stroke: a neurological complication of wrestling, Am J Sports Med 7:352–354, 1980

    Article  Google Scholar 

  122. Ropper AH, Davis KR: Lobar cerebral hemorrhages. Acute clinical syndromes in 26 cases, Ann Neurol 8:141–147, 1980

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Ropper AH, Fisher CM, Kleinman GM: Pyramidal infarction in the medulla: A case of pure motor hemiplegia sparing the face, Neurology 29:91–95, 1979

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Roseman DM: Carotidynia, Arch Otolaryngol 85:81–84, 1967

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Rosenberg N, Koller R: Computerized tomography and pure sensory stroke, Neurology (New York) 31:217–220, 1980

    Google Scholar 

  126. Rowan AJ, Protass LM: Transient global amnesia: Clinical and electroencepholographic findings in 10 cases, Neurology (Minneap) 29:869–872, 1979

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Rubens AB, Benson DF: Associative visual agnosia, Arch Neurol 24:305–316, 1971

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Rubenstein JJ, Schulman CI, Yurchak PM, et al: Clinical spectrum of the sick sinus syndrome, Circulation 46:5–13, 1972

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Russel RWR: Observations on the retinal blood vessels in monocular blindness, Lancet 2:1422–1428, 1961

    Article  Google Scholar 

  130. Russel RWR (ed.): Cerebral Arterial Disease, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh/London/ New York, 1976

    Google Scholar 

  131. Sandok BA, Von Estorff I, Giuliani LR: CNS embolism due to atrial myxoma. Clinical features and diagnosis, Arch Neurol 37:485–488, 1980

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Sandok BA, Whisnant JP, Furlan AJ, et al: Carotid artery bruits. Prevalence survey and differential diagnosis, Mayo Clin Proc 57:227–230, 1982

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Sevitt S: Fat embolism. Butterworth and Company, Ltd, London, 1962, 1–233

    Google Scholar 

  134. Sherman DG, Hart RG, Easton JD: Abrupt change in head position and cerebral infarction. Stroke 12:2–6, 1981

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Shuping JR, Robinson RD, Toole JF: Transient global amnesia. Ann Neurol 7:281–285, 1980

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Silverstein A: Primary pontine hemorrhage, In Vinken P, Bruyn G (eds.) Handbook of clinical neurology XII, Vascular disease of the nervous system, part II, North Holland, Amsterdam, 1972, pp 37–53

    Google Scholar 

  137. Spertell RB, Ransom BR: Dysarthria-clumsy hand syndrome produced by capsular infarct. Neurology 6:264–268, 1979

    Google Scholar 

  138. Tharp BR: The electroencephalogram in transient global amnesia, Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol 26:96–99, 1969

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Thompson JE, Patman RD, Persson AV: Management of asymptomatic carotid bruits, Am Surg 42:77–80, 1976

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Thompson PL, Robinson JS: Stroke after acute myocardial infarction: relation to infarct size, Br Med J 2:457–459, 1978

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Toole JF: Management of cervical atherosclerosis, Mayo Clin Proc 57:267–268, 1982

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Toole JF, Patel AN: Cerebrovascular Disorders, (eds.), McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, 1974

    Google Scholar 

  143. Torvik A, Jorgensen L: Thrombotic and embolic occlusions of the carotid arteries in an autopsy series, Part 2. Cerebral lesions and clinical course, J Neurol Sci 3:410–432, 1966

    Article  Google Scholar 

  144. Troost BT: Dizziness and vertigo in vertebrobasilar disease. Part II Central causes and vertebrobasilar disease, Stroke 11:413–415

    Article  Google Scholar 

  145. Wadia NH, Monckton G: Intracranial bruits in health and disease. Brain 80:492–509, 1957

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Weintraub MI, Glaser GH: Nocardial brain abscess and pure motor hemiplegia. N Y State J Med 70:2727–2731, 1970

    Google Scholar 

  147. Weisberg LA: Computed tomography and pure motor hemiparesis, Neurology (Minneap) 29:490–495, 1979

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Weisberg LA: Lacunar infarcts. Clinical and computed tomographic correlations, Arch Neurol 39:37–40, 1982

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Welch LK, Crowley WJ: Bruits of the head and neck, Stroke 1:245–247, 1970

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Welsh JE, Tyson GW, Winn HR, et al: Chronic subdural hematoma presenting as transient neurologic deficits, Stroke 10:564–567 1979

    Article  Google Scholar 

  151. Wilson WB, Grotta JC, Schold C, et al: Cerebral mucormycosis, An unusual case, Arch Neurol 36:725–726, 1979

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Wilson WR, Giuliani ER, Danielson GK, et al: General considerations in the diagnosis and treatment of infective endocarditis, Mayo Clin Pro 57:81–85, 1982

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Winkelmann R: Classification of vasculitis, in Wolff K, Winkelmann RW (eds.): Vasculitis. W B Saunders Co., Philadelphia/London/Toronto, 1980, pp 1–24

    Google Scholar 

  154. Winters SJ, Schreiner B, Griggs RC et al: Familial mitral valve prolapse and myotonic dystrophy. Ann Intern Med: 85:19–22, 1976

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Wolf PA, Dawber TR, Thomas HE, et al: Epidemiologic assessment of chronic atrial fibrillation and risk of stroke: the Framingham study, Neurology (Minneap) 28:973–977, 1978

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. O. M. Reinmuth
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. P. N. Karanjia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurological Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, 10461, Bronx, NY, USA

    Jack M. Fein M.D.

  2. Department of Neurosurgery, New York University, 550 First Avenue, 10016, New York, NY, USA

    Eugene S. Flamm M.D.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1985 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Reinmuth, O.M., Karanjia, P.N. (1985). Neurological Evaluation in Cerebrovascular Disease. In: Fein, J.M., Flamm, E.S. (eds) Cerebrovascular Surgery. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5030-2_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5030-2_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9531-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-5030-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation