Skip to main content

Biological Invasions and Ecosystem Properties: Can Species Make a Difference?

  • Chapter
Ecology of Biological Invasions of North America and Hawaii

Part of the book series: Ecological Studies ((ECOLSTUD,volume 58))

Abstract

How important are individual species in controlling ecosystem properties? Many studies of ecosystem-level dynamics are conducted with little reference to the influences of the individual species within ecosystems. In some cases this dis-regard is explicit, and it is argued that whole-system functional properties are better indicators of ecosystem status than is any aspect of species biology (O’Neill et al. 1977). This point of view has been deplored but not unambiguously disproved (cf. Foin and Jain 1977; Mcintosh 1980).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Allan HH (1936) Indigene versus alien in the New Zealand plant world. Ecology 17:187– 193

    Google Scholar 

  • Avon WI, Smith SH (1971) Ship canals and aquatic ecosystems. Science 174: 13–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balakrishnan N, Mueller-Dombois D (1983) Nutrient studies in relation to habitat types and canopy dieback in the montane rain forest ecosystem, island of Hawaii. Pacif Sci 37: 339–359

    Google Scholar 

  • Batcheler CL (1983) The possum and ratakamahi dieback in New Zealand: a review. Pacif Sci 37: 426

    Google Scholar 

  • Blank JL, Olson RK, Vitousek PM (1980) Nutrient uptake by a diverse spring ephemeral community. Oecologia (Berl) 47: 96–98

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boring LR, Monk CD, Swank WT (1981) Early regeneration of a clearcut southern Appalachian forest. Ecology 62: 1244–1253

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bratton SP (1975) The effect of the European wild boar, Sus scrofa, on gray beech forest in the Great Smoky Mountains. Ecology 56: 1356–1366

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bridgewater PB, Backshall DJ (1981) Dynamics of some Western Australian ligneous formations with special reference to the invasion of exotic species. Vegetatio 46: 141–148

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burdon JJ, Chilvers GA (1977) Preliminary studies on a native Australian eucalypt forest invaded by exotic pines. Oecologia (Berl) 31: 1–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caldwell MM, Richards JH, Johnson DA, Nowack RS, Dzurec RS (1981) Coping with herbivory: photosynthetic capacity and resource allocation in two semiarid Agropyron bunchgrasses.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oecologia (Berl) 50:14–24 Chilvers GA, Burdon JJ (1983) Further studies on a native Australian eucalypt forest invaded by exotic pines. Oecologia (Berl) 59:239–245

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark B, Murray J, Johnson MS (1984) The extinction of endemic species by a program of biological control. Pacif Sci 38: 97–104

    Google Scholar 

  • Cornforth IS (1970) Reafforestation and nutrient reserves in the humid tropics. J Appl Ecol 7: 609–615

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dayton PK, Currie V, Gerrodette T, Keller BD, Rosenthal R, Ven Tresca D (1984) Patch dynamics and stability of some California kelp communities. Ecol Monogr 54: 253–289

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Egler FE (1942) Indigene versus alien in the development of arid Hawaiian vegetation. Ecology 23: 14–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Egunjobi JK, Onweluzo BS (1979) Litterfall, mineral turnover, and litter accumulation in Pinus caribea L. stands at Ibadan, Nigeria. Biotropica 11: 251–255

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ehrlich PR, Mooney HA (1983) Extinction, substitution, and ecosystem services. Bioscience 33: 248–253

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elton CS (1958) The Ecology of Invasions by Animals and Plants. Methuen, London, 181 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Engelberg J, Boyarsky LL (1979) The noncybernetic nature of ecosystems. Am Natur 114: 317–324

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ewel J, Ojima D, Debusk W (1981) Ecology of a successful exotic tree in the Everglades. In: Proceedings of Second Conference on Scientific Research in National Parks, 8: 419–422

    Google Scholar 

  • Feller MC (1981) Water balances in Eucalyptus regnans, Eucalyptus obliqua, and Pinus radiata ecosystems in Victoria. Aust For Res 44: 153–161

    Google Scholar 

  • Feller MC (1983/84) Effects of an exotic conifer (Pinus radiata) plantation on forest nutrient cycling in southeastern Australia. For Ecol Manag 7:77–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Fife DN, Nambiar EKS (1984) Movement of nutrients in radiata pine needles in relation to the growth of shoots. Ann Bot 54: 303–314

    Google Scholar 

  • Florence RG, Lamb D (1975) Ecosystem processes and the management of radiata pine forests on sand dunes in South Australia. Proc Ecol Soc Aust 9: 34–48

    Google Scholar 

  • Foin TC, Jain SK (1977) Ecosystem analysis and population biology: lessons for the development of community ecology. Bioscience 27: 532–538

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foster MM, Vitousek PM, Randolph PA (1980) The effect of Ambrosia artemisiifolia on nutrient cycling in a first-year old-field. Am Midi Natur 103: 106–113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gerrish G, Mueller-Dombois D (1980) Behavior of native and non-native plants in two tropical rainforests on Oahu, Hawaiian Islands. Phytocoenologia 8: 237–295

    Google Scholar 

  • Gholz HL, Hawk GM, Campbell A, Cromack K, Brown AT (1985) Early vegetation recovery and element cycles on a clearcut watershed in western Oregon. Can J For Res 15: 400–409

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grime JP (1979) Plant Strategies and Vegetation Processes. John Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Harcombe PA (1977) Nutrient accumulation by vegetation during the first year of recovery of a tropical forest ecosystem. In: Cairns J, Dickson KL, Herricks EE (eds), Recovery and Restoration of Damaged Ecosystems. University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp 347–378

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodgkin SE (1984) Scrub encroachment and its effects on soil fertility on Newborough Warren, Anglesey, Wales. Biol Conserv 29: 99–119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horton JS (1977) The development and perpetuation of the permanent tamarisk type in the phreatophyte zone of the Southwest. In: Johnson RR, Jones DA (eds), Importance, Preservation, and Management of Riparian Habitat: A Symposium. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service General Technical Report RM-43, pp 124–127

    Google Scholar 

  • Huenneke LF (1983) Understory response to gaps caused by the death of Ulmus americana in Central New York. Bull Torrey Botan Club 110: 170–175

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jarvis PJ (1979) The ecology of plant and animal introductions. Prog Phys Geogr 3: 187–214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karnosky DF (1979) Dutch elm disease: a review of the history, environmental implications, control, and research needs. Environ Conserv 6: 311–322

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kloot PM (1983) The role of common iceplant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum) in the deterioration of medic pastures. Aust J Ecol 8: 301–306

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knopf FL, Olson TE (1984) Naturalization of Russian-olive: implications to Rocky Mountain wildlife. Wildlife Soc Bull 12: 289–298

    Google Scholar 

  • Lubchenco J, Menge BA (1978) Community development and persistence in a low rocky intertidal zone. Ecol Monogr 48: 67–94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marks PL (1974) The role of pin cherry (Prunus pensylvanica L.) in the maintenance of stability in northern hardwood ecosystems. Ecol Monogr 44: 73–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marks PL, Bormann FH (1972) Revegetation following forest cutting: mechanisms for return to steady state nutrient cycling. Science 176: 914–915

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matson PA, Boone RD (1984) Natural disturbance and nitrogen mineralization: waveform dieback of mountain hemlock in the Oregon Cascades. Ecology 65: 1511–1516

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mattson WJ, Addy ND (1975) Phytophagous insects as regulators of forest primary production. Science 190: 515–522

    Google Scholar 

  • McCormick JF, Platt RB (1980) Recovery of an Appalachian forest following the chestnut blight, or, Catherine Keever—you were right! Am Midld Natur 104: 264–273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mcintosh RP (1980) The relationship between succession and the recovery process in ecosystems. In: Cairns J (ed), The Recovery Process in Damaged Ecosystems. Ann Arbor Science pp 11–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller HG, Cooper JM, Miller JD (1976) Effects of nitrogen supply on nutrients in litterfall and crown leaching in a stand of Corsican pine. J Appl Ecol 13: 233–248

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell DS (1970) Autecological studies of Salvinia auriculata Aubl. Ph.D. Thesis, University of London, 669 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell DS, Petr T, Viner AB (1980) The water-fern Salvinia molesta in the Sepik River, Papua New Guinea. Environ Conserv 7: 115–122

    Google Scholar 

  • Mooney HA, Gulmon SL (1983) The determinants of plant productivity—natural versus man-modified communities. In: Mooney HA, Godron M (eds), Disturbance and Ecosystems: Components of Response. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 146–158

    Google Scholar 

  • Mueller-Dombois D (1973) A non-adapted vegetation interferes with water removal in a tropical rain forest area in Hawaii. Trop Ecol 14: 1–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Mueller-Dombois D (1981) Vegetation dynamics in a coastal grassland of Hawaii. Vegetatio 46: 131–140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mueller-Dombois D, Bridges KW, Carson HL (eds) (1981) Island Ecosystems: Biological Organization in Selected Hawaiian Communities. Hutchinson Ross, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, 583 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Mueller-Dombois D, Spatz G (1975) The influence of feral goats on the lowland vegetation in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Phytocoenologia 3: 1–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Muller RN, Bormann FH (1976) Role of Erythronium americanum Ker. in energy flow and nutrient dynamics of a northern hardwood forest ecosystem. Science 193: 1126–1128

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neill WM (1983) The tamarisk invasion of desert riparian areas. Educ Bull 83–4, Desert Protective Council, Spring Valley, California, 4 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Nihlgard B (1972) Plant biomass, primary production and distribution of chemical elements in a beech and a planted spruce forest in South Sweden. Oikos 23: 69–81

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Odum EP (1960) Organic production and turnover in old field succession. Ecology 41: 34–49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Neill RV, Ausmus BS, Jackson DR, Van Hook RI, Van Voris P, Washburne C, Watson AP (1977) Monitoring terrestrial ecosystems by analysis of nutrient export. Water Air Soil Pollut 8: 271–277

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paine RT (1966) Food web complexity and species diversity. Am Natur 100: 65–75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perala DA, Alban DH (1982) Biomass, nutrient distribution and litterfall in Populus, Pinus and Picea stands on two different soils in Minnesota. Plant Soil 64: 177–192

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson DL, Rolfe GL (1982) Nutrient dynamics of herbaceous vegetation in upland and floodplain forest communities. Am Midld Natur 107: 325–339

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pickett STA (1976) Succession: an evolutionary interpretation. Am Natur 110: 107–119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ranwell DS (1960) Newborough Warren, Anglesey, III. Changes in the vegetation on parts of the dune system after the loss of rabbits by myxomatosis. J Ecol 48: 385–395

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson TW (1969) Introduction, spread, and areal extent of saltcedar (Tamarix) in the western states. U.S. Department of the Interior Geological Survey Prof Paper 491-A, 12 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenzweig ML (1968) Net primary productivity of terrestrial communities: prediction from climatological data. Am Natur 102: 67–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salt GW (1979) A comment on the use of the term “emergent properties.” Am Natur 113: 145–148

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shaver GR, Melillo JM (1984) Nutrient uptake, nutrient recovery, and nutrient use by marsh plants: efficiency concepts and relation to availability. Ecology 65: 1491 — 1510

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singer FJ, Swank WT, Clebsch EEC (1984) Effects of wild pig rooting in a deciduous forest. J Wildlife Manag 48: 464–473

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith CW (1985) Impact of alien plants on Hawaii’s native biota. In: Stone CP, Scott JM (eds), Hawaii’s Terrestrial Ecosystems: Preservation and Management. Cooperative Park Studies Unit. University of Hawaii, Honolulu, pp 180–250.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stewart GH, Veblen TT (1983) Forest instability and canopy tree mortality in Westland, New Zealand. Pacif Sci 37: 427–431

    Google Scholar 

  • Swank WT, Douglass JE (1974) Streamflow greatly reduced by converting deciduous hardwood stands to pine. Science 185: 857–859

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swank WT, Waide JB, Crossley DA Jr, Todd RL (1981) Insect defoliation enhances nitrate export from forested ecosystems. Oecologia (Berl) 51: 297–299

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas KJ (1981) The role of aquatic weeds in changing the pattern of ecosystems in Kerala. Environ Conserv 8: 63–66

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas WA (1969) Accumulation and cycling of calcium by dogwood trees. Ecol Monogr 39: 101–120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vitousek PM (1982) Nutrient cycling and nutrient use efficiency. Am Natur 119: 553–572

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vitousek PM (1983) Nitrogen turnover in a ragweed-dominated first-year old field in southern Indiana. Am Midld Natur 110: 46–53

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vitousek PM, Gosz JR, Grier CC, Melillo JM, Reiners WA, Todd RL (1979) Nitrate losses from disturbed ecosystems. Science 204: 469–474

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vitousek PM (1983) Nitrogen turnover in a ragweed-dominated first-year old field in southern Indiana. Am Midi Natur 110: 46–53

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vivrette NJ, Muller CH (1977) Mechanism of invasion and dominance of coastal grassland by Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. Ecol Monogr 47: 301–318

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wardle P (1971) An explanation for alpine timberline. N Zeal J Bot 9: 371–402

    Google Scholar 

  • Weetman GF, Roberge MR, Meng CH (1980) Black spruce: 15-year growth and microbiological responses to thinning and fertilization. Can J For Res 10: 502–509

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wood GW, Barrett RH (1979) Status of wild pigs in the United States. Wildlife Soc Bull 7: 237–246

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodwell GM (1974) Success, succession, and Adam Smith. Bioscience 24: 81–87

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1986 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Vitousek, P.M. (1986). Biological Invasions and Ecosystem Properties: Can Species Make a Difference?. In: Mooney, H.A., Drake, J.A. (eds) Ecology of Biological Invasions of North America and Hawaii. Ecological Studies, vol 58. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4988-7_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4988-7_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-97153-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-4988-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics