Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Phytoplankton Responses to Vertical Tidal Mixing

  • Chapter
Tidal Mixing and Plankton Dynamics

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes on Coastal and Estuarine Studies ((COASTAL,volume 17))

Abstract

Vertical mixing of the water column in estuaries and other coastal environments requires an input of mechanical energy that is mainly provided by the tides, the wind stress on the water surface and the fresh water runoff. Variations in these three sources are known to have a marked influence on the phytoplankton. At the seasonal scale, river runoff has been identified as an important driving force of phytoplankton dynamics. For example, Gilmartin (1964) has shown that the increased river runoff during the winter in Indian Arm (a fjord of Western Canada) destabilizes the water column which favors the replenishment of the surface mixed layer in nutrients. These nutrients are subsequently used for the initiation of the phytoplankton spring bloom, when the water column stabilizes following the decrease in runoff. At the time scale of a few days, physical transient phenomena (wind storms, periodic upwelling, etc.) associated with the passage of frontal disturbances (Heath, 1973; Walsh et al., 1977) are also strong destabilizing agents of the water column. Iverson et al. (1974), Takashi et al. (1977), Walsh et al. (1978), Walsh (1981) and Legendre et al. (1982) have reported intermittent phytoplankton blooms following stabilization of a water column previously destabilized by strong winds.

Authors listed alphabetically

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Armstrong, F.A.J. and E.C. LaFond. 1968. Chemical nutrient concentrations and their relationship to internal waves and turbidity off Southern California. Limnol. Oceanogr. 11: 538–547.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Auclair, J.-C., S. Demers, M. Fréchette, L. Legendre and C.L. Trump. 1982. High frequency endogenous periodicities of chlorophyll synthesis in estuarine phytoplankton. Limnol. Oceanogr. 27: 348–352.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baines, P.G. 1973. The generation of internal tides by flat-bump topography. Deep-Sea Res. 20: 179–205.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baines, P.G . 1974. The generation of internal tides over steep continental slopes. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A277: 27–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barbee, W.B., J.G. Dworski, J.D. Irish, L.H. Larsen and M. Rattray, Jr. 1975. Measurement of internal waves of tidal frequency near a continental boundary. J. Geophys. Res. 80: 1965–1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beardall, J. and I. Morris. 1976. The concept of light intensity adaptation in marine phytoplankton: some experiments with Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Mar. Biol. 37: 377–387.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bokuniewicz, H.J. and R.B. Gordon. 1980. Storm and tidal energy in Long Island Sound. Adv. Geophysics 22: 41–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bowman, M.J. and W.E. Esaias. 1977. Fronts, jets, and phytoplankton patchiness. In: Bottom Turbulence, pp. 255–268. J.C.J. Nihoul (ed.). Elsevier, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowman, M.J. and W.E. Esaias. 1981. Fronts, stratification, and mixing in Long Island and Block Island Sounds. J. Geophys. Res. 86: 4260–4264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bowman, M.J., W.E. Esaias and M.B. Schnitzer. 1981. Tidal stirring and the distribution of phytoplankton in Long Island and Block Island Sounds. J. Mar. Res. 39: 587–603.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bowman, M.J. and R.L. Iverson. 1978. Estuarine and plume fronts. In: Oceanic Fronts in Coastal Processes, pp. 87–104. M.J. Bowman and W.E. Esaias (eds.). Springer-Verlag, Berl in Heidelberg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowman, M.J., A.C. Kibblewhite and D.E. Ash. 1980. M 2 tidal effects in Greater Cook Strait, New Zealand. J. Geophys. Res. 85: 2728–2742.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cairns, J.L . 1966. Depth and strength of the seasonal thermocline in shallow water off southern California. U.S.N. Symp. Military Oceanogr. 3rd V. 2: 27–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cairns, J.L . 1967. Asymmetry of internal tidal waves in shallow coastal waters. J. Geophys. Res. 72: 3563–3565.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cairns, J.L. 1968. Thermocline strength fluctuations in coastal waters. J. Geophys. Res. 73: 2591–2595.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cairns, J.L. and E.C. LaFond. 1966. Periodic motions of the seasonal thermocline along the southern California coast. J. Geophys. Res. 71: 3903–3915.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cairns, J.L. and K.W. Nelson. 1968. Seasonal characteristics of the seasonal thermocline in shallow coastal water. U.S.N. Symp. Military Oceanogr. 5th, V. 1: 38–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Côté, B. and T. Piatt. 1983. Day-to-day variations in the spring- summer photosynthetic parameters of coastal marine phytoplankton. Limnol. Oceanogr. 28: 320–344.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cullen, J.J., E. Stewart, E. Renger, R.W. Eppley and C.D. Winant. 1983. Vertical motion of the thermocline, nitracline and chlorophyll maximum layers in relation to currents on the Southern California Shelf. J. Mar. Res. 41: 239–262.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Defant, A . 1961. Physical Oceanography. Vol. II. Pergamon Press Inc., New York, NY 598 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Demers, S., P.E. Lafleur, L. Legendre and C.L. Trump. 1979. Short- term covariability of chlorophyll and temperature in the St. Lawrence Estuary. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 36: 568–573.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Demers, S. and L. Legendre. 1979. Effets des marées sur la variation circadienne de la capacité photosynthétique du phytoplancton de l’estuaire du Saint-Laurent. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 39: 87–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Demers, S. and L. Legendre. 1981. Mélange vertical et capacité photosynthétique du phytoplancton estuarien (estuaire du Saint- Laurent). Mar. Biol. 64: 243–250.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Demers, S. and L. Legendre. 1982. Water column stability and photosynthetic capacity of estuarine phytoplankton: long-term relationships. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 7: 337–340.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Denman, K.L. 1976. Covariability of chlorophyll and temperature in the sea. Deep-Sea Res. 23: 539–550.

    Google Scholar 

  • Denman, K.L . 1977. Short term variability in vertical chlorophyll structure. Limnol. Oceanogr. 22: 434–441.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Denman, K.L. and A.E. Gargett. 1983. Time and space scales of vertical mixing and advection of phytoplankton in the upper ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr. 28: 801–815.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Denman, K.L. and T. Platt. 1975. Coherences in the horizontal distributions of phytoplankton and temperature in the upper ocean. Mém. Soc. R. Sci. Liège, 6th series, 7: 19–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubinsky, Z . 1980. Light utilization efficiency in natural phytoplankton communities. In: Primary Productivity in the Sea, pp. 83–97. P.G. Falkowski (ed.). Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eppley, R.W. and B.J. Peterson. 1979. Particulate organic matter flux and planktonic new production in the deep ocean. Nature (London) 282: 677–680.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eppley, R.W., E.H. Renger and W.G. Harrison. 1979. Nitrate and phytoplankton production in southern California coastal waters. Limnol. Oceanogr. 24: 483–494.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Falkowski, P.G . 1980. Light and shade adaptation in marine phytoplankton. In: Primary Productivity in the Sea, pp. 99–119. P.G. Falkowski (ed.). Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Falkowski, P.G . 1983. Light-shade adaptation and vertical mixing of marine phytoplankton: A comparative field study. J. Mar. Res. 41: 215–237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Falkowski, P.G. and D.P. Stone. 1975. Nitrate uptake in marine phytoplankton: Energy sources and the interaction with carbon fixation. Mar. Biol. 32: 77–84.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Falkowski, P.G. and C.D. Wirick. 1981. A simulation model of the effects of vertical mixing on primary productivity. Mar. Biol. 65: 69–75.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fasham, M.J. and P.R. Pugh. 1976. Observations on the horizontal coherence of chlorophyll a and temperature. Deep-Sea Res. 23: 539–550.

    Google Scholar 

  • Federov, V.D. and V.A. Sermin. 1970. Primary production in relation to the hydrological regime of a sea basin (exemplified by the White Sea). Oceanology 10: 242–253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forrester, W.D . 1974. Internal tides in the St. Lawrence estuary. J. Mar. Res. 32: 55–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fortier, L. and L. Legendre. 1979. Le contrôle de la variabilité à court terme du phytoplancton estuarien: stabilité verticale et profondeur critique. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 36: 1325–1335.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fortier, L., L. Legendre, A. Cardinal and C.L. Trump. 1978. Variabilité à court terme du phytoplancton de l’estuarire du Saint-Laurent. Mar. Biol. 46: 349–354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fournier, R.O . 1978. Biological aspects of the Nova Scotian shelf break fronts. In: Oceanic Fronts in Coastal Processes, pp. 69–77. M. J. Bowman and W.E. Esaias (eds.). Springer-Verlag, Berl in Heidelberg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fournier, R.O., J. Marra, R. Bohrer and M. Van Det. 1977. Plankton dynamics and nutrient enrichment of the Scotian shelf. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 34: 1004–1018.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fournier, R.O., M. Van Det, J.S. Wilson and N.B. Hargreaves. 1979. Influence of the shelf-break front off Nova Scotia on phytoplankton standing stock. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 36: 1228–1237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fréchette, M, and L. Legendre. 1982. Phytoplankton photosynthetic response to light in an internal tide dominated environment. Estuaries 5: 287–293.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallegos, C. L., T. Platt, W. G. Harrison and B. Irwing. 1983. Photosynthetic parameters of Arctic marine phytoplankton: Vertical variation and time scales of adaptation: Limnol. Oceanogr. 28: 698–708.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garrett, C.J.R., J.R. Keeley and D.A. Greenberg. 1978. Tidal mixing versus thermal stratification in the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine. Atm. Ocean 16: 403 – 423.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garrett, C.J.R. and J.W. Loder. 1981. Dynamical aspects of shallow sea fronts. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A302: 563–581.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • George, D.G. and S.I. Heaney. 1978. Factors influencing the spatial distribution of phytoplankton in a small productive lake. J. Ecol. 66: 133–155.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gilmartin, M. 1964. The primary production of a British Columbia fjord. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 21: 505–538.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gould, J. and W. McKee. 1973. Observation of the vertical structure of semi-diurnal tidal currents in the Bay of Biscay. Nature (London) 244: 88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greisman, P. and R.G. Ingram. 1977. Nutrient distribution in the St. Lawrence Estuary. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 34: 2117–2123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths, D.K., R.D. Pingree and M. Sinclair. 1981. Summer tidal fronts in the near-Arctic regions of Foxe Basin and Hudson Bay. Deep-Sea Res. 28: 865–873.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haffner, G.D., G.P. Harris and M.K. Jarai. 1980. Physical variability and phytoplankton communities. III. Vertical structure in phytoplankton populations. Arch. Hydrobiol. 89: 363–381.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, G.P. 1978. Photosynthesis, productivity and growth: The physiological ecology of phytoplankton. Arch. Hydrobiol. Beih. Ergebn. Limnol. 10: 1–171.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, G. P. 1980a. Temporal and spatial scale in phytoplankton ecology. Mechanisms, methods, models and management. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 37: 877–900.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, G.P. 1980b. The measurement of photosynthesis in natural populations of phytoplankton. In: The Physiological Ecology of Phytoplankton, pp. 129–187. I. Morris (ed.). Blackwell, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, G.P. and J.W.A. Lott. 1973. Light intensity and photosynthetic rates in phytoplankton. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 30: 1771–1778.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, G.P. and B.B. Piccinin. 1977. Photosynthesis by natural phytoplankton populations. Arch. Hydrobiol. 80: 405–457.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, G.P. and B.B. Piccinin. 1980. Physical variability and phytoplankton communities. IV. Temporal changes in the phytoplankton community of a physically variable lake. Arch.Hydrobiol. 89: 447–473.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haury, L.R., M.G. Briscoe and M.H. Orr. 1979. Tidally generated internal wave packets in Massachusetts Bay. Nature (London) 278: 312–317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heath, R.A. 1973. Flushing of coastal embayments by changes in atmospheric conditions. Limnol. Oceanogr. 18: 849–862.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herman, A.W. and K.L. Denman. 1979. Intrusions and vertical mixing at the shelf/slope water front south of Nova Scotia. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 36: 1445–1453.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hitchcock, G.L. and T.J. Smayda. 1977. The importance of light in the initiation of the 1972–1973 winter-spring bloom in Narragansett Bay. Limnol. Oceanogr. 22: 126–131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holligan, P.M. 1978. Patchiness in subsurface phytoplankton populations on the Northwest European continental shelf. In: Spatial Pattern in Plankton Communities, pp. 221–238. J.H. Steele (ed.). Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holligan, P.M. 1981. Biological implications of fronts on the northwest European continental shelf. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A302: 547–562.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holligan, P.M. and D.S. Harbour. 1977. The vertical distribution and succession of phytoplankton in the western English Channel in 1975 and 1976. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 57: 1075–1093.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ingram, R. G. 1975. Influence of tidal induced mixing on primary productivity in the St. Lawrence estuary. Mém. Soc. R. Sci. Liege 7: 59–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ingram, R.G. 1978. Internal wave observations off Isle Verte. J. Mar. Res. 36: 715–724.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ingram, R.G. 1979. Water mass modification in the St. Lawrence estuary. Naturaliste Can. 106: 45–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iverson, R.L., H.C. Curl, Jr., H.B. O’Connors, Jr., D. Kirk and K. Zakar. 1974. Summer phytoplankton blooms in Auke Bay, Alaska, driven by wind mixing of the water column. Limnol. Oceanogr. 19: 271–278.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iverson, R.L., T.E. Whitledge and J.J. Goering. 1979. Chlorophyll and nitrate fine structure in the southeastern Bering Sea shelf break front. Nature (London) 281: 664–666.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jerlov, N.G. 1968. Optical Oceanography. Elsevier, New York. 194 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jewson, D.H. and R.B. Wood. 1975. Some effect on integral photosynthesis of artificial circulation of phytoplankton through light gradients. Vehr. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 19: 1037–1044.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamykowski, D. 1974. Possible interactions between phytoplankton and semi-diurnal tides. J. Mar. Res. 32: 67–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamykowski, D. 1976. Possible interactions between plankton and semi-diurnal internal tides. II. Deep thermoclines and trophic effects. J. Mar. Res. 34: 499–509.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamykowski, D. 1979. The growth response of a model Gymnodinium splendens in stationary and wavy water columns. Mar. Biol. 50: 289 – 303.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kamykowski, D. and S.-J. Zentera. 1977. The diurnal vertical migration of motile phytoplankton through temperature gradients. Limnol. Oceanogr. 22: 148–151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kemp, W.M. and W.J. Mitsch. 1979. Turbulence and phytoplankton diversity: A general model of the “Paradox of Plankton.” Ecological Modelling 7: 202–222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lafleur, P.E., L. Legendre and A. Cardinal. 1979. Dynamique d’une population estuarienne de diatomees planctoniques: Effet de 1’alternance des mar6es de morte-eau et de vive-eau. Oceanol. Acta 2: 307–315.

    Google Scholar 

  • LaFond, E.C. 1962. Internal waves. Part. I. In: The Sea, Vol. l, pp. 731–751. M.N. Hill (ed.). Intersciences Publishers, Inc. New York, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • LeBlond, P.H. and L.A. Mysak. 1978. Waves in the Ocean. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 602 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Legendre, L. 1981. Hydrodynamic control of marine phytoplankton production: The paradox of stability. In: Ecohydrodynamics, pp. 191–207. J.C.J. Nihoul (ed.). Elsevier, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Legendre, L. and S. Demers. 1984. Towards dynamic biological oceanography and limnology. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 41: 2–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Legendre, L., R.G. Ingram and Y. Simard. 1982. Aperiodic change of water column stability and phytoplankton in an Arctic coastal embayment, Manitounuk Sound, Hudson Bay. Naturaliste Can. 109: 775–786.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levasseur, M., J.-C. Therriault and L. Legendre. 1983. Tidal currents, wind and the morphology of phytoplankton spatial structures. J. Mar. Res. 41: 655–672.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levasseur, M., J.-C. Therriault and L. Legendre. 1984. Hierarchical control of phytoplankton succession by physical factors. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 19: 211–222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lorenzen, C.J. 1966. A method for the continuous measurement of in vivo chlorophyll concentration. Deep-Sea Res. 13: 223–227.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malone, C.M., P.G. Falkowski, T.S. Hopkins, G.T. Rowe and T.E. Whitledge. 1983. Mesoscale response of diatom populations to a wind event in the plume of the Hudson River. Deep-Sea Res. 30: 149–170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Margalef, R. 1978. Life-forms of phytoplankton as survival alternatives in an unstable environment. Oceanol. Acta 1: 493–509.

    Google Scholar 

  • Margalef, R., M. Estrada and D. Blasco. 1979. Functional morphology of organisms involved in red tides, as adapted to decaying turbulence. In: Toxic Dinoflagellate Blooms, Vol. I, pp.89–94. L. Taylor and H.H.Seliger (eds.). Elsevier, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marra, J. 1978. Effect of short-term variations in light intensity on photosynthesis of a marine phytoplankter. A laboratory simulation study. Mar. Biol. 46: 191–202.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marra, J. 1978b. Phytoplankton photosynthetic response to vertical movement in a mixed layer. Mar. Biol. 46: 203–208.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McGowan, J.A. and T.L. Hayward. 1978. Mixing and oceanic productivity. Deep-Sea Res. 25: 771–793.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muir, L. A, 1979. Infernal tides in the Middle Estuary of the St. Lawrence. Naturaliste Can. 106: 27–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Paasche, E. 1971, Effect of ammonia and nitrate on growth, photosynthesis and ribulose diphosphate carboxylase content of Dunaliella tertolecta. Physiol. Plant. 25: 294–299

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, T. R., R.I, Perry, E.D. Nutbrown, W. Hsieh and C.M Lalli. 1983. Frontal zone analysis at the mouth of Saanich Inlet, British Columbia, Canada. Mar. Biol. 73: 1-5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perry, R.I., B.R.Dilke and T.R.Parsons. 1983. Tidal mixing and summer plankton distributions in Hecate Strait, British Columbia. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 40: 871–887,

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perry, M.J., M. C.Talbot and R.S.Alberte. 1981. Photoadaptation in marine phytoplankton: response of the photosynthetic unit. Mar, Biol. 62 : 91–101,

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pingree, R.D. 1978a. Mixing and stabilization of phytoplankton distributions on the Northwest European continental shelf. In: Spatial Pattern in Plankton Communities, pp. 181–220. J H.Steele(ed.) . Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pingree, R.D . 1978b. Cyclonic eddies and cross-frontal mixing. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U. K. 58: 955–963.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pingree, R.D., M.J.Bowman and W.E. Esaias. 1978a. Headland fronts. In: Oceanic Fronts in Coastal Processes, pp. 78–86. M.J.Bowman and W.E.Esaias(eds.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pingree R.D, and D. K.Griffiths. 1978. Tidal fronts on the shelf seas around the British Isles. J. Geophys. Res. 83: 4615–4622.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pingree R.D, and D.K. Griffiths. 1980. A numerical model of the M2 tide in the Gulf of St. Lawrence.Oceanol. Acta 3: 221–225,

    Google Scholar 

  • Pingree R.D., P.M.Holligan and R.N.Head. 1977. Survival of dinoflagellate blooms in the western English Channel. Nature (London) 265: 266–269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pingree, R.D., P.M. Holligan and B.T.Mardell. 1978b. The effects of vertical stability on phytoplankton distributions in the summer on the northwest European shelf. Deep-Sea Res. 25: 1011–1028

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pingree, R.D., P.M. Holligan and G.T. Mardell. 1979. Phytoplankton growth and cyclonic eddies. Nature (London) 278: 245–247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pingree, R.D., P.M. Holligan, G.T. Mardell and R.N.Head. 1976. The influence of physical stability on spring, summer and autumn phytoplankton blooms in the Celtic Sea. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 56: 845–873.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pingree R.D, and G. T.Mardell.1981. Slope turbulence, internal waves and phytoplankton growth at the Celtic Sea shelf-break. Phil. Traps. R. Soc. London302: 663–682.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pingree, R.D., G.T. Mardell, P.M. Holligan, D.K. Griffiths and J. Smithers. 1982. Celtic Sea and Armorican current structure and the vertical distributions of temperature and chlorophyll, Cont. Shelf Res, 1: 99–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pingree, R.D., G. T. Mardell and L. Maddock. 1983. A marginal front in Lyme Bay. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 63: 9–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pingree, R.D., P,R. Pugh, P.M. Holligan and G.R. Forster. 1975. Summer phytoplankton blooms and red tides along tidal fronts in the approaches to the English Channel. Nature (London) 258: 672–677.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prézelin, B.B. 1976. The role of peridinin-chlorophyll a-proteins in the photosynthetic light adaptation of the marine dinof lagellate, Glenodinium sp. Planta 130: 225–233.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prézelin, B.B. 1981. Light reactions in photosynthesis. In: Physiological Bases of Phytoplankton Ecology, pp. 1–43. T. Platt (ed.). Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci: (210).

    Google Scholar 

  • Proudman, J. 1953. Dynamical Oceanography. Methuen and Co., Ltd. London. 409 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quarmby, L.M., D.H. Turpin and P.J. Harrison. 1982. Physiological responses of two marine diatoms to pulsed additions of ammonium. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 63: 173–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rattray, M., Jr. 1960. On the coastal generation of internal tides. Tellus 12: 54–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rattray, M., Jr., J.G. Dworski and P.E. Kovala. 1969. Generation of long internal waves at the continental slope. Deep-Sea Res., Suppl, to Vol. 16: 179–195.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riley, G.A. 1957. The plankton of estuaries. In: Estuaries, pp. 316–326. G. J. Lauff (ed.). AAAS Pub. H88

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryther, J.H, and D.W. Menzel. 1959. Light adaptation by marine phytoplankton. Limnol. Oceanogr. 4: 492–497.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Savidge, G. 1976. A preliminary study of the distribution of chlorophyll a in the vicinity of fronts in the Celtic and Western Irish Seas. Estuar. Coast. Mar. Sci. 4: 617–625

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Savidge, G. 1979. Photosynthetic characteristics of marine phytoplankton from contrasting physical environments. Mar. Biol. 53: 1–12.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Savidge, G. 1981. Studies on the effects of small-scale turbulence on phytoplankton. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 61: 477–488.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seliger, H.H., K.R. McKinley, W.H. Biggley, R.B. Rivkin and K.R.H. Aspden. 1981. Phytoplankton patchiness and frontal regions. Mar. Biol. 61: 119–131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, J.H. 1981. The shelf-sea fronts: Implications of their existence and behaviour. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London A302: 531–546.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, J.H, and J.R. Hunter. 1974. Fronts in the Irish Sea, Nature (London) 250: 404–406.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, J.H, and R.D. Pingree. 1978. Shallow sea fronts produced by tidal stirring. In: Oceanic Fronts in Coastal Processes, pp. 29–42. M.J. Bowman and W.E. Esaias (eds.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, J.H., P.B. Tett, M.L. Argote-Espinoza, A. Edwards, K.J. Jones and G. Savidge. 1982. Mixing and phytoplankton growth around an island in a stratified sea. Cont. Shelf Res. 1: 15–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sinclair, M. 1978. Summer phytoplankton variability in the lower St. Lawrence estuary, J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 35: 1171–1185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sinclair, M., J.P, Chanut and M. El-Sabh. 1980. Phytoplankton distributions observed during a 3 days fixed-station in the lower St. Lawrence estuary, Hydrobiology 75: 129–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sinclair, M., D.V. Subba Rao and R. Couture. 1981. Phytoplankton temporal distributions in estuaries. Oceanol. Acta 4: 239–246.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steele, J.H, 1957. The role of lateral eddy diffusion in the northern North Sea. J. Cons. Int. Explor Mer. 22: 152–;162,

    Google Scholar 

  • Steemann-Nielsen, E. 1975. Marine Photosynthesis. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 141 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steemann-Nielsen, E. and V.K. Hansen. 1959. Light adaptation in marine phytoplankton population and its interrelation with temperature. Physiol. Plant. 12: 353–370.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steemann-Nielsen, E, and E.G. Jorgensen. 1968. The adaptation of plankton algae. I. General part. Physiol. Plant. 21: 401–413.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steven, D.M. 1975. Biological production in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. In: Energy Flow - Its BiolOgical Dimensions, A. Summary of the IBP in Canada, pp. 229–248. W.M, Cameron and L. W. Billingsley (eds.). Royal Society of Canada, Ottawa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi, M,, D. L. Siebert and W.H. Thomas. 1977. Occasional blooms of phytoplankton during summer in Saanich Inlet, B.C., Canada. Deep-Sea Res. 24: 775–780.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tett, P. 1981. Modelling phytoplankton production at shelf-sea fronts. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London A302: 605–615.

    Google Scholar 

  • Therriault, J.-C. and G. Lacroix, 1976. Nutrients, chlorophyll and internal tides in the St. Lawrence Estuary, J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 33: 2747–2757.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Therriault, J.-C., D. J. Lawrence and T. Platt. 1978. Spatial varia-bility of phytoplankton turnover in relation to physical processes in a coastal environment. Limnol. Oceanogr. 23: 900–911.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Therriault, J.-C. and T. Platt. 1981. Environmental control of phytoplankton patchiness. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 38: 638–641.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, R.O.R.Y, and T.J. Golding. 1981. Tidally induced “upwelling” by the Great Barrier Reef. J. Geophys Res. 86: 6517–6521.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thornber, P. J., R.S. Alberte,F.A. Hunter, J.A. Shiozawa and K.-S. Kan. 1977. The organization of chlorophyll in the plant photosynthetic unit. Brookhaven Symp. Biol. 28: 132–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turpin, D.H, and P.J. Harrison. 1979. Limiting nutrient patchiness and its role in phytoplankton ecology. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 39: 151–166.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turpin, D.H, and P. J. Harrison. 1980. Cell size manipulation in natural marine, planktonic, diatom communities. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 37: 1193–1195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Venrick, E.L. 1972. Small-scale distributions of oceanic diatoms. Fish. Bull. 70: 363–372.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vincent, W. F. 1980. Mechanisms of rapid photosynthetic adaptation in natural phytoplankton communities. II. Changes in photochemical capacity as measured by DCMU-induced chlorophyll fluorescence. J. Phycol. 16: 568–577.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, J.J. 1981. Shelf-sea ecosystems. In: Analysis of Marine Ecosystems, pp. 159-196. A.R, Longhurst (ed.). Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, J. J., T.E. Whitledge, F. W. Barvenik, C.D. Wirick and S.O. Howe. 1978. Wind events and food chain dynamics within the New York Bight. Limnol. Oceanogr. 23: 659–683.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wangersky, P.J. 1977. The role of particulate matter in the productivity of surface waters. Helgol. Wiss. Meeresunters. 30: 546–564,

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Webb, K. L. and C.F. D’Elia. 1980. Nutrient and oxygen redistribution during a spring neap tidal cycle in a temperature estuary. Science 2078: 983–985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White, A.W. 1976. Growth inhibition caused by turbulence in the toxic marine dinof lagellate Gonyaulax excavata. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 33: 2598–2602.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Winant, C.D, and R.J. Olson. 1976. The vertical structure of coastal currents. Deep-Sea Res. 23: 925–936.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winter, D.F., K. Banse and G.C. Anderson. 1975. The dynamics of phytoplankton blooms in Puget Sound, a fjord in the northwestern United States. Mar, Biol. 29: 139–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Woods, J.D, and R.L. Wiley. 1977. Billow turbulence and ocean microstructure. Deep-Sea Res. 19: 87–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wunsch, C. 1975. Internal tides in the ocean. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 13: 17–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wunsch, C. and R. Hendry. 1972. Array measurements of the bottom boundary layer and the internal wave field on the continental slope. Geophys. Fluid. Dyn. 4: 101–145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zeilon, N. 1913. On the seiches of the Gullman Fjord. Svenska Hydrog. Biolog. Komm. Skrifter 5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeilon, N. 1934. Experiments on boundary rides. Gateboy Vetensksamh. Handl. Folj. 5: B3, No. 10.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ministère des Pêches et des Océans, Centre Champlain des Sciences de la Mer, C.P. 15 500, 901 Cap Diamant, Québec, Québec, G1K 7Y7, Canada

    S. Demers & J.-C. Therriault

  2. GIROQ, Département de biologie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, G1K 7P4, Canada

    L. Legendre

Authors
  1. S. Demers
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. L. Legendre
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. J.-C. Therriault
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Marine Sciences Research Center, State University of New York, NY, 11794, Stony Brook, USA

    Malcolm J. Bowman  & William T. Peterson  & 

  2. Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, McKown Point, West Boothbay Harbor, ME, 04575, USA

    Clarice M. Yentsch

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1986 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Demers, S., Legendre, L., Therriault, JC. (1986). Phytoplankton Responses to Vertical Tidal Mixing. In: Bowman, M.J., Yentsch, C.M., Peterson, W.T. (eds) Tidal Mixing and Plankton Dynamics. Lecture Notes on Coastal and Estuarine Studies, vol 17. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4966-5_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4966-5_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-96346-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-4966-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation