Abstract
India has long been known as one of the rich primate areas of the world, both in species diversity and population abundance. Fourteen species of nonhuman primates occur in India—six species of macaques, five of langurs, two of looses, and one species of gibbon (Table 12.1). If the nations immediately east of India, Burma and Sri Lanka, are considered, two more species of macaques are included, one more species of langur, and an additional gibbon species.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ali R (1985) An overview of the status and distribution of the lion-tailed macaque. In: Heltne P (ed) The lion-tailed macaque: status and conservation. Alan R Liss, New York, pp 13–25.
Bangjie T (1985) The status of primates in China. Prim Conserv 5: 63–81.
Bowander B (1982) Deforestation in India. Intern J Environ Stud 18: 223–236.
Brockelman WY, Chivers DJ (1984) Gibbon conservation: looking to the future. In: Preuschoft H, Chivers DJ, Brockelman WY, Creel N (eds) The lesser apes: evolutionary and behavioural biology. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp 3–12.
Chivers DJ (1977) The lesser apes. In: Prince Rainier, Bourne GH (eds) Primate conserva-tion. Academic, New York: pp 539–598.
Corbett J (1953) Jungle lore. Oxford University Press, London, p 168.
Dolhinow P, Lindburg DG (1983) A population survey of forest-dwelling rhesus monkeys in north India. In: Seth PK (ed) Perspectives in primate biology. Today and Tomorrow, New Delhi, pp 201–209.
Edwin C.J., Chopra SRK (1984) Group characteristics of Macaca mulatta inhabiting submontane and montane forests of the Indian subcontinent: a comparative review. In: Roonwall ML, Mohnot SM, Rathore RS (eds) Current primate researches. University of Jodhpur, Jodhpur, pp 307–313.
Fooden J (1981) Taxonomy and evolution of the sinica group of Macaques. 2. Species and subspecies accounts of the Indian bonnet macaque, Macaca rradiata. Fieldiana, New Series No 9: 1–52.
Fooden J, Mahabal A, Saha SS (1981) Redefinition of the rhesus macaque-bonnet macaque boundary in peninsular India (Primates: Macaca mulatta, M. radiata). J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 78: 463–474.
Gittins SP (1984) The distribution and status of the hoolock gibbon in Bangladesh. In: Preuschoft H, Chivers DJ, Brockelman WY, Creel N (eds) The lesser apes: evolutionary and behavioural biology. Edinburgh Univerity Press, Edinburgh, pp 13–18.
Gledhill L (1983) Lion-tailed macaque, Macaca silenus, North American regional stud- book. Woodland Park Zoological Garden, Seattle.
Green KM (1978) Primates of Bangladesh: a preliminary survey of population and habitat. Biol Conserv 13: 141–160.
Green S, Minkowski K (1977) The lion-tailed monkey and its south Indian rain forest habitat. In: Prince Rainier, Bourne GH (eds) Primate conservation. Academic, New York, pp 289–337.
Heltne PG (ed) (1985) The lion-tailed macaque: status and conservation. Monographs in primatology, vol 7. Alan R Liss, New York, p 411.
Hrdy S (1974) Male-male competition and infanticide among the langurs (Presbytis entellus) of Abu, Rajasthan. Folia Primatol 22: 19–58.
Hrdy S (1977) The langurs of Abu. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, p 361.
Karanth KU (1985) Ecological status of the lion-tailed macaque and its rainforest habitats in Karnataka, India. Prim Conserv 6: 73–78.
Konstant WR, Mittermeier RA (1982) Introduction, reintroduction and translocation of neotropical primates: past experiences and future possibilities. Intern Zoo Yrbk 22: 69–77.
Kurup GU (1984a) Nonhuman primate census surveys in southern India. In: Roonwal ML, Mohnot SM, Rathore NS (eds) Current primate researches. University of Jodhpur, Jodhpur, pp 57–65.
Kurup GU (1984b) Census survey and population ecology of the Hanuman langur, Presbytis entellus (Dufresne) in South India. Proc Indian Natl Sci Acad B50 (3): 245–256.
Lindburg DG (1971) The rhesus monkey in North India: an ecological and behavioral study. In: Rosenblum LA (ed) Primate behavior: developments in field and laboratory research, vol 2. Academic, New York, pp 1–106.
Lindburg DG (1980a) Status and captive reproduction of the lion-tailed macaque, Macaca silenus. Intern Zoo Yrbk 20: 60–64.
Lindburg DG (ed) (1980b) The macaques: studies in ecology, behavior and evolution. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, p 384.
Makwana SC (1978) Field ecology and behavior of the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta): group composition, home range, roosting sites, and foraging routes in the Asarori Forest. Primates 19: 483–492.
Malik I, Seth PK, Southwick CH (1984) Population growth of free-ranging rhesus monkeys at Tughlaqabad. Amer J Primatol 7: 311–321.
Mohnot SM (1971) Ecology and behavior of the Hanuman langur, Presbytis entellus (Pri mates: Cercopithecidae) invading fields, gardens and orchards around Jodhpur, western India. Trop Ecol 12: 237–249.
Mohnot SM (1978) The conservation of non-human primates in India. In: Chivers DJ, Lane-Petter W (eds) Recent advances in primatology, vol 2. Academic, London, pp 47–53.
Mohnot SM, Gadgil M., Makwana SC (1981) On the dynamics of the Hanuman langur populations of Jodhpur ( Rajasthan, India). Primates 22: 182–191.
Mukherjee RP (1977) Rhesus and other monkeys of Tripura. Newslet Zool Surv India 3: 111.
Mukherjee RP (1980) Distribution and present status of the golden langur, Presbytis geei Khajuria in some forests of Assam, India. Proc Wild Life Workshop 129–132.
Mukherjee RP (1982a) Survey of non-human primates of Tripura, India. Zool Soc India 34: 70–81.
Mukherjee RP (1982b) Phayre’s leaf monkey (Presbytis phayrie Blyth, 1847) of Tripura. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 79: 47–56.
Mukherjee RP, Saha SS (1974) The golden langurs (Presbytis geei Khajuria, 1956) of Assam. Primates 15: 327–340.
Oppenheimer JR (1977) Presbytis entellus, the Hanuman langur. In: Prince Rainier, Bourne GH (eds) Primate conservation. Academic, New York, pp 469–512.
Petter JJ, Hladik CM (1970) Observations sur le domaine vital et la densite population de Loris tardigradus dans les forets de Ceylan. Mammalia 34: 394–409.
Pirta RS (1978) Observations on group size, group composition and home range of rhesus monkeys in Asarori Forest, North India. Sci Res Banaras Hindu Univ 28: 123–135.
Poirier FE (1970) The Nilgiri langur (Presbytis johnii) of south India. In: Rosenblum LA (ed) Primate behavior, vol 1. Academic, New York, pp 251–283.
Prasad MRN, An and Kumar TC (eds) (1977) Use of non-human primates in biomedical research. Indian Natl Sci Acad, New Delhi, p 426.
Roonwal ML, Mohnot SM (1977) Primates of South Asia: ecology, sociobiology, and behavior. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, p 421.
Roonwal ML, Mohnot SM, Rathore NS (eds) (1984) Current primate researches. University of Jodhpur Press, Jodhpur, p 627.
Saha SS (1984) The present southern limit of the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) in peninsular India, especially the Godavari and Krishna river basins. In: Roonwal ML, Mohnot SM, Rathore NS (eds) Current primate researches. University of Jodhpur, Jodhpur, pp 153–165.
Seth PK (ed) (1983a) Perspectives in primate biology. Today and Tomorrow, New Delhi, p 242.
Seth PK, Seth S (1983b) Population dynamics of free-ranging rhesus monkeys in different ecological conditions in India. Amer J Primatol 5: 61–67.
Singh M, Akram N, Pirta RS (1984) Evolution of demographic patterns in the bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata). In: Roonwal ML, Mohnot SM, Rathore NS (eds) Current primate researches. University of Jodhpur, Jodhpur, pp 7–16.
Southwick CH (1985) Some encouraging signs from India’s rhesus populations. Amer J Primatol 8: 191.
Southwick CH, Beg MA, Siddiqi MR (1965) Rhesus monkeys in North India. In: DeVore I (ed) Primate behavior—field studies of monkeys and apes. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, pp 111–159.
Southwick CH, Ghosh A, Louch CD (1964) A roadside survey of rhesus monkeys in Bengal. J Mammal 45: 443–448.
Southwick CH, Johnson R, Siddiqi MF (1984) Subgroup relocation of rhesus monkeys in India as a conservation measure. Amer J Primatol 6: 423.
Southwick CH, Richie T, Taylor H, Teas HJ, Siddiqi MF (1980) Rhesus monkey populations in India and Nepal: patterns of growth, decline, and natural regulation. In: Cohen MN, Malpass RS, Klein HG (eds) Biosocial mechanisms of population regulation. Yale University Press, New Haven, pp 151–170.
Southwick CH, Siddiqi MF (1977) Population dynamics of rhesus monkeys in northern India. In: Prince Rainier, Bourne GH (eds) Primate conservation. Academic, New York, pp 339–362.
Southwick CH, Siddiqi MF (1983) Status and conservation of rhesus monkeys in India. In: Seth PK (ed) Perspectives in primate biology. Today and Tomorrow, New Delhi, pp 227–236.
Southwick CH, Siddiqi MF, Cohen J, Oppenheimer JR, Khan J, Ashraf SW (1982) Further declines in rhesus populations in India. In: Chiarelli AB, Corruccini RS (eds) Advanced views in primate biology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 128–137.
Southwick CH, Siddiqi MF, Oppenheimer JR (1983) Twenty-year changes in rhesus monkey populations in agricultural areas of northern India. Ecology 64: 434–439.
Sugiyama Y, Parthasarathy MD (1978) Population change of the Hanuman langur (Presbytis entellus) 1961–76, in Dharwar area, India. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 75: 860–867.
Tilson RL (1979) On the behavior of hoolock gibbons (Hylobates hoolock) during different seasons in Assam, India. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 76: 1–16.
Tiwari KK (1983) Report on census of rhesus macaque and Hanuman langur of India. Mimeo Report, National Primate Survey, Zool Soc of India, Calcutta, p 68.
Wolfheim J (1983) Primates of the world: distribution, abundance and conservation. University of Washington Press, Seattle, p 831.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1986 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Southwick, C.H., Lindburg, D.G. (1986). The Primates of India: Status, Trends, and Conservation. In: Benirschke, K. (eds) Primates. Proceedings in Life Sciences. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4918-4_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4918-4_12
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9360-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-4918-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive