Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Prophylactic Antibiotics

  • Chapter
Topics in Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics

  • 185 Accesses

Abstract

Antibiotics consume approximately 35% of the total pharmacy budget in most hospitals with betalactam antibiotics comprising almost 60% of all hospital uses (1). Expenditures on parenteral antibiotics have increased from $240 million in 1975 to over $1 billion in 1984. Antibiotic therapy and the associated costs of administration can add over $250 a day to a patient’s bill. Using antibiotics wisely has always been good practice; using them prudently means limited health care dollars can be spent on more pressing needs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Kunin CM: The responsibility of the infectious disease community for the optimal use of antimicrobial agents. J Infect Dis 151: 388–398, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Heseltine PNR, Appleman MD, Leedon JM: Epidemiology and susceptibility of resistant Bacteroides fragilis group organisms to new beta-lactam antibiotics. Rev Infect Dis 6 (Suppl l): S254–259, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Sanders CC, Sanders WE Jr: Microbial resistance to newer generation betalactam antibiotics: clinical and laboratory implications. J Infect Dis 151: 399–406, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Hooper CA, Haney BB, Stone HH: Gastrointestinal bleeding due to vitamin K deficiency in patients on parenteral cefamandole. Lancet 1 (8158): 39–40, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Weitekamp MR, Aber RC: Prolonged bleeding times and bleeding diathesis associated with moxalactam administration. JAMA 249: 69–71, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Pierce PF Jr, Wilson R, Silva J Jr, Garagusi VF, Rifkin GD, Fekerty R: Antibiotic-associated pseu-domembranous colitis: an epidemiologic investiga-tion of a cluster of cases. J Infect Dis 145: 269–274, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Centers for Disease Control: National Nosocomial Infections Study Report, annual summary 1979 US Public Health Service, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Caplan ES: Infection surveillance and control in the severely traumatized patient. In Dixon RE (ed): Nosocomial infections. Yorke Medical Books, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Stein PD, Harken DE, Dexter L: The nature and prevention of prosthetic valve endocarditis. Am Heart J 71: 393, 1966.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Mills DH, Boyden JS, Rubsamen DS, Engel HL: Report on the Medical Insurance Feasibility Study. California Medical Association. Sutter Publications Inc, San Francisco, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Meleney FL: A statistical study of the prevention of infection in soft parts, compound fractures, and burns with special reference to the sulfonamides. Surg Gynecol Obstet 80: 263, 1945.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Prince CL: The prevention of urinary tract infection following transurethral prostatic resection by combined use of sulfadiazine and penicillin. J Urol 56: 121, 1946.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Miles AA, Miles EM, Burke J: The value and duration of defense reactions of the skin to primary lodgement of bacteria. Br J Exp Pathol 38: 79, 1957.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. National Research Council Division of Medical Sciences, Ad Hoc Committee of the Committee Peter N.R. Heseltine and John M. Leedom of Trauma: Postoperative wound infections: the influence of ultra-violet irradiation of the operating room and various other factors. Ann Surg 160 (Suppl 2): 1, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Ehrenkrantz NJ: Surgical wound infections occurrence in clean operations. Am J Med 70: 909–914, 1981.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Haley RW, Culver DH, Emori TG, Hooton TM, White JW: Progress report on the evaluation of the efficacy of infection surveillance and control programs. Am J Med 70: 971–975, 1981.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Armoury RA, Bowman FO Jr, Malm JR: Endocarditis associated with intracardiac prostheses. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 51: 36, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Nelson P: Deep infections following total hip arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg 59A: 1942, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Schlesselman JJ: Matching. In Case-control studies: design, conduct, analysis. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 105–123, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Fekety FR Jr, ClufF LE, Sabiston DC Jr, et al.: A study of antibiotic prophylaxis in cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 57: 757, 1969.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Kini PM, Fernandez J, Causay RS, et al.: Double- blind comparison of cefazolin and cephalothin in open heart surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 76: 506, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Archer GL, Tenenbaum MJ: Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 17: 269, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Conte JE Jr, Cohen SN, Roe BB, et al.: Antibiotic prophylaxis and cardiac surgery: a prospective double-blind comparison of single-dose versus mul-tiple dose regimens. Ann Intern Med 76: 943, 1972.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Hirschman JV, Inui TS: Antimicrobial prophylaxis: a critique of recent trials. Rev Infect Dis 2: 1–23, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Piatt R, Munoz A, Stella J, Van Devanter S, Koster JK Jr: Antiobiotic prophylaxis for cardiovascular surgery. Efficacy with coronary artery bypass. An Intern Med 101: 770–774, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Ramsdale DR, Charles RG, Rowlands DB, et al.: Antibiotic prophylaxis for pacemaker implantation: a prospective randomized trial. PACE 7: 844–849, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Kaiser AB, Clayson KR, Mulherin JL Jr, et al.: Antibiotic prophylaxis in vascular surgery. Ann Surg 188: 283, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Pitt HA, Postier RG, MacGowan WAL, et al.: Prophylactic antibiotics in vascular surgery: topical, systemic or both? Ann Surg 192: 356–364, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Hasselgren PO, Ivarsson L, Risberg B, Seeman T: Effects of prophylactic antibiotics in vascular surgery. A prospective randomized double-blind study. Ann Surg 200: 86 - 92, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Savitz MH, Malis LI, Meyers BR: Prophylactic antibiotics in neurosurgery. Surg Neurol 2: 95, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Wright RL, Burke JF: Effect of ultraviolet radiation on postoperative sepsis. J Neurosurg 31: 533, 1969.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Ericson C, Lidgren L, Lindberg L: Cloxacillin in the prophylaxis of postoperative infections of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg 55-A.-808, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Carlsson AS, Lidgren L, Lindberg L: Prophylactic antibiotics against early and late deep infection after total hip replacements. Acta Orthoped Scand 48: 405, 1977.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Hill C, Mazas F, Flamant R, et al.: Prophylactic cefazolin versus placebo in total hip replacement. Lancet 1: 795, 1981.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Marks KE, Nelson CL, Lautenschlager EP: Anti- biotic-impregnated acrylic bone cement. J Bone Joint Surg 58-A-. 358, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Cruse PJE: Incidence of wound infections on the surgical services. Surg Clin North Am 55: 1269, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Lewis RT: Discriminate use of antibiotic prophylaxis in gastro-duodenal surgery. Am J Surg 138: 640, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Lewis RT: Discriminate use of antibiotic prophylaxis in gastro-duodenal surgery. Am J Surg 138: 640, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Becker GD, Parell GJ: Cefazolin prophylaxis in head and neck cancer surgery. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 88 (1): 183, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Dor P, Klastersky J: Prophylactic antibiotics in oral, pharyngeal and laryngeal surgery for cancer. A double-blind study. Laryngoscope 83: 1992, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Becker GD, Parell GJ, Busch DF, et al.: Anaerobic and aerobic bacteriology in head and neck cancer surgery. Arch Otolaryngol 104: 591, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Becker GD: Chemoprophylaxis for surgery of the head and neck. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 90: 8, 1981.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Strong MS: Wound infection in otolaryngologic surgery and the inexpediency of antibiotic prophylaxis. Laryngoscope 73: 165, 1963.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Johnson JT, Myers EN, Thearle PB, Sigler BA, Schramm VL Jr: Antimicrobial prophylaxis for contaminated head and neck surgery. Laryngoscope 94: 46 – 51, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Kvale PA, Ranga V, Kopacz M, et al.: Pulmonary resection. S Med J 70 (1): S64, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Chetlin SH, Elliot DW. Biliary bacteremia. Arch Surg 102: 303, 1971.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Ledger WJ, Boice C, Yonekura L, Di Zerga G: Vaginal hysterectomy. South Med J 70: 40 - 43, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Ohm MJ, Galask RP: The effect of antibiotic pro-phylaxis on patients undergoing vaginal operations. II. Alterations of microbial flora. Am J Obstet Gynecol 123: 597–604, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Kellum JM Jr, Gargano S, Gorbach SL, et al.: Antibiotic prophylaxis in high-risk biliary operation: multicenter trial of single preoperative ceftriaxone versus multidose cefazolin. Am J Surg 148: 15–18, 1984.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Apuzzio JJ, Ganesh VV, Pelosi MA, Frisoli G: The effect of prophylactic antibiotics on risk factors for endometritis in adolescent patients undergoing caesarian section. J Adolesc Health Care 5: 163–166, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Gibbs RS, St Clair PJ, Castillo MS et al: Bacterio- logic effects of antibiotic prophylaxis in high-risk cesarian section. Obstet Gynecol 57: 277, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Swartz WH, Grolle K: The use of prophylactic antibiotics in caesarian section: a review of the literature. J Reprod Med 26: 595, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Stiver HG, Forward KR, Livingstone RA, et al.: Multicenter comparison of cefoxitin versus cefazolin for prevention of infectious morbidity after nonelective caesarian section. Am J Obstet Gynecol 145: 158, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Shapiro M, Munoz A, Tager IB, Schoenbaum SC, Polk BF: Risk factors for infection at the operative site after abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy. N Engl J Med 307: 1661–1666, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Meade PB: Prophylactic antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. Semin Perinatol 1: 101, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Lett WJ, Ansbacher R, Davidson BL, et al.: Prophylactic antibiotics for women undergoing vaginal hysterectomy. J Reprod Med 19: 51, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Duff P, Gibbs RS, Jorgensen JH, et al.: The pharmacokinetics of prophylactic antibiotics administered by intraoperative irrigation at the time of caesarian section. Am J Obstet Gynecol 60: 409, 1982.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Sevin BU, Ramos R, Lichtiger M, Girtanner RE, Avarette HE: Antibiotic prevention of infections complicating radical abdominal hysterectomy. Obstet Gynecol 64: 539–545, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Hemsell DL, Menon MO, Friedman AJ: Ceftriaxone or cefazolin prophylaxis for the prevention of infection after vaginal hysterectomy. Am J Surg 148: 22–26, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Gaudin HJ, Zide HA, Thompson GJ: Use of sulfanilamide after transurethral prostatectomy. JAMA 110: 1887, 1938.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Morris MJ, Golovsky D, Guinness MDG, et al.: The value of prophylactic antibiotics in transurethral prostatic resection: a controlled trial, with observations on the origin of postoperative infection. Br J Urol 48: 479, 1976.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Patzakis MJ, Harvey JP Jr, Ivler D: The role of antibiotics in the management of open fractures. J Bone Joint Surg 56 (A): 532, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Burdon JG, Morris PJ, Hunt P, Watts JM: A trial of cephalothin sodium in colon surgery to prevent wound infection. Arch Surg 112: 1169–1173, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Cuchural G, Jacobus N, Gorbach SL, Tally FP: A survey of Bacteroides susceptibility in the United States. J Antimicrob Chemother 8 (Suppl D): 27–31, 1981.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Busutil RW, Davidson RK, Fine M, Tompkins RK: Effect of prophylactic antibiotics on acute nonperforated appendicitis: a prospective, random-ized, double-blind clinical study. Ann Surg 194: 502–509, 1981.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Berne TV, Yellin AE, Appleman MD, Heseltine PNR: Antibiotic management of surgically treated gangrenous or perforated appendicitis. Am J Surg 144: 8–13, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Heseltine PNR, Yellin AE, Appleman MD, et al.: Perforated and gangrenous appendicitis—an analysis of antibiotic failures. J Infect Dis 148:322– 329, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Yellin AE, Heseltine PNR, Appleman MD, Berne TV, Gill MA, Riggio CE, Chenella FC: Ampicil- lin-sulbactam (CP45,899) treatment of gangrenous and perforated appendicitis: the role of Pseudomonas sp. in failures. Surg Gynecol Obstet (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  69. Anonymous: Imipenem/cilastatin versus gentamicin/clindamycin for treatment of serious bacterial infections: report from a Scandinavian Study Group. Lancet 1 (8382): 868–871, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Heseltine PNR, Berne TV, Appleman MD, et al.: Imipenem (thienamycin) therapy of enterogenous peritonitis. Surg Gynecol Obstet (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  71. Stone HH, Kolb, L, Geheber CE: Moxalactam versus gentamicin-clindamycin in surgical sepsis. Efficacy and safety. Praxis 72: 351–355, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Bartlett SP, Burton RC: Effects of prophylactic antibiotics on wound infection after colon and rectal surgery: 1960 to 1980. Am J Surg 145: 300–309, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Lewis RT, Allan CM, Goodall RG, Lloyd-Smith WC, Marien B, Park M, Wiegand FM: Preventing anaerobic infection in surgery of the colon. Can J Surg 24: 139–141, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Nichols RL: Prophylaxis for intraabdominal surgery. Rev Infect Dis 6 (l): S276–282, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Figueras-Felip J, Basilio-Bonet E. Lara-Eisman F, et al.: Oral is superior to systemic antibiotic prophylaxis in operations upon the colon and rectum. Surg Gynecol Obstet 158: 359–362, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Condon RE, Bartlett JG, Greenlee H, et al.: Efficacy of oral and systemic antibiotic prophylaxis in colorectal operations. Arch Surg 118: 496–502, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Portnoy J, Kagan E, Gordon PH, Mendelson J: Prophylactic antibiotics in elective colorectal surgery. Dis Colon Rectum 26: 310–313, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Peck JJ, Fuchs PC, Gustafson ME: Antimicrobial prophylaxis in elective colon surgery. Experience of 1,035 operations in a community hospital. Am J Surg 147: 633–637, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Slama TG, Carey LC, Fass RJ: Comparative efficacy of prophylactic cephalothin and cefamandole for elective colon surgery: results of a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Am J Surg 137: 593–596, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Meislin HW, Lerner SA, Graves MH, et al.: Cutaneous abscesses. Ann Intern Med 87: 145–149, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Bohnen JM, Meakins JL: Treatment of intraabdominal sepsis: Can J Surg 27: 222–223, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Burke JF: Preventive antibiotics in surgery. Postgr Med 58: 65, 1975.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Hooton TM, Haley RW, Culver DH, White JW, Morgan WM, Carroll RJ: The joint associations of multiple risk factors with the occurrence of no-socomial infection. Am J Med 70: 960–970, 1981.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Sherlock DJ, Ward A, Holl-Allen RT: Combined preoperative antibiotic therapy and intraoperative topical povidone-iodine. Reduction of wound sepsis following emergency appendectomy. Arch Surg 119: 909–911, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Creve U, Hubens A: Single-dose parenteral antibiotic prophylaxis in gastrointestinal surgery. Acta Chir Belg 79: 27–33, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Anderson ET, Young LS, Hewitt WL: Simultaneous antibiotic levels in “breakthrough” gram- negative rod bacteremia. Am J Med 61: 493–497, 1976.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Finch DR, Taylor L, Morris PJ: Wound sepsis following gastrointestinal surgery: a comparison of topical and two-dose systemic cephradine. Br J Surg 66: 580–582, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Rapp RP, Bannon CL, Bivins BA: The influence of dose frequency and agent toxicity on the cost of parenteral antibiotic therapy. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 16: 935–938, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Sanford JP: The prophylactic use of antibiotics: basic considerations. South Med J 70 (Suppl 1): 2–3, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Hirschmann JV: Rational antibiotic prophylaxis. Hosp Pract 16: 105–123, November 1981.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Moellering RC Jr: Antimicrobial prophylaxis—in-dications in medical patients. Scand J Infect Dis 36 (Suppl): 129–133, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Scheifle DW: Prophylactic antibiotics in children. Ped Infect Dis 1: 420–424, 1982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. CDC: Prevention of malaria in travelers, 1982. MMWR 31:IS–28S, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  94. CDC: Health information of international travel, 1984, Atlanta, GA, Centers for Disease Control. HHS Publication No (CDC) 84–8280; 33: 11–58, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  95. CDC: Imported malaria among travelers—United States. MMWR 33: 388–390, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Spencer HC, Strickland GT: Malaria. In Strick-land GT (ed): Hunter’s tropical medicine, 6th ed. WB Saunders Co, Philadelphia, pp 516–552, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  97. CDC: Adverse reactions to Fansidar® and updated recommendations for its use in malaria. MMWR 33: 713–714, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Wilson MG, Lubschez R: Recurrence rate in rheu-matic fever: the evaluation of etiologic concepts and consequent preventive therapy. JAMA 126: 477–480, 1944.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Mortimer EA, Rammelkamp CH: Prophylaxis of rheumatic fever. Circulation 14: 1144 – 1152, 1956.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Bisno AL, Pearce I A, Stollerman GH: Streptococcal infections which fail to cause recurrences of rheumatic fever. J Infect Dis 136: 278–285, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Wood HF, Feinstein AR, Taranta A, et al.: Rheumatic fever in children and adolescents. Ann Intern Med 60: 31–46, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  102. Feinstein AR, Wood HF, Spagnuolo M, et al.: Oral prophylaxis of recurrent rheumatic fever. Sul-fadiazine vs a double daily dose of penicillin. JAMA 188: 489–492, 1964.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Feinstein AR, Spagnuolo M, et al.: Oral prophylaxis of recurrent rheumatic fever. Therapeutic- continuous oral penicillin vs monthly injections. JAMA 206: 565 - 568, 1968.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. American Heart Association Committee Report: Prevention of rheumatic fever. Circulation 55: 1–4, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Anonymous: Preventing spread of meningococcal disease. Med Lett 23: 37–81, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  106. Kuhns DM, Nelson CT, Feldman HA, Kuhn LR: The prophylactic valve of sulfadiazine in the control of meningococcic meningitis. JAMA 123: 335–339, 1943.

    Google Scholar 

  107. Millar JW, Seiss EE, Feldman HA, Silverman C, Franks P: In vivo and in vitro resistance to sulfa-diazine in strains of Neisseria meningitidis. JAMA 186: 139–141, 1963.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Hoeprich PD: Prediction of antimeningococcic chemoprophylactic efficacy. J Infect Dis 123: 125–133, 1971.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Deal WB, Sanders E: Efficacy of rifampin in the treatment of meningococcal carriers. N Engl J Med 281: 641–645, 1969.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Devine LF, Johnson DP, Hagerman CR, Pierce WE, Rhode SL, Peckinpaugh RO: The effect of minocycline on meningococcal nasopharyngeal carrier state in naval personnel. Am J Epidemiol 93: 337–345, 1971

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. CDC: Vestibular reactions to minocycline: followup. MMWR 24: 55, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  112. Fraser DW, Geil CC, Feldman RA: Bacterial men-ingitis in Bernalillo County, New Mexico: a com-parison with three other American populations. Amer J Epidemiol 100: 29–34, 1974.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Band JD, Fraser DW, Ajello G, Hemophilus influ-enzae Study Group: Prevention of Hemophilus in-fluenzae, type B, disease. JAMA 251: 2381–2386, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. CDC. Bacterial meningitis and meningococcemia. United States, 1978, MMWR 28: 277–279, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  115. Osterholm MT, Murphy TV: Does rifampin pro-phylaxis prevent disease caused by Hemophilus influenzae, type b? JAMA 251: 2408–2409, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Hughes WT, Kuhn S, Chaudhary S, Feldman S, Verzosa M, Aur RJA, Pratt C, George SL: Suc-cessful chemoprophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. N. Engl J Med 297: 1419–1426, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Gottlieb MS, Knight S, Mitsuyasu R, Weisman J, Roth M, and Young LS: Prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii infection in AIDS with pyrimetha- mine-sulfadoxine. Lancet 2: 398–399, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Glassroth J, Robins AG, Snider DE Jr: Tuberculosis in the 1980s. N Engl J Med 302: 1441–1450, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Comstock GW, Braum C, Snider DE Jr: Isoniazid prophylaxis among Alaskan Eskimos: a final report of the Bethel isoniazid studies. Am Rev Resp Dis 119: 827–830, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Garibaldi RA, Drusin RE, Ferebee SH, Gregg MB: Isoniazid associated hepatitis: report of an outbreak. Am Rev Resp Dis 106: 357–365, 1972.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Kopanoff DE, Snider DE Jr, Caras GJ: Isoniazid- related hepatitis: a U.S. Public Health Service co-operative surveillance study. Amer Rev Resp Dis 117: 991–1001, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Bailey RR, Gower PE, and Roberts AP. Prevention of urinary tract infection with low-dose nitro-furantoin. Lancet 2: 1112–1114, 1971.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Byrd RB, Horn RB, Solomon DA, Griggs GA: Toxic effects of isoniazid in tuberculosis chemopro-phylaxis: role of biochemical monitoring in 1000 patients. JAMA 241: 1239–1241, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Shulman ST, et al.: Prevention of bacterial endocarditis. A statement for health professionals by the committee on rheumatic fever and infective endocarditis of the council on cardiovascular disease in the young. Circulation 70. 1123A–1127A, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Sack DA, Kaminsky DC, Sack RB, et al.: Prophylactic doxycycline for travelers’ diarrhea: results of a prospective double-blind study of Peace Corps volunteers in Kenya. N Engl J Med 298: 758–763, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Sack RB, Froehlick JL, Zulich AW, et al.: Prophy-lactic doxycycline for travelers’ diarrhea: results of a prospective double-blind study of Peace Corps volunteers in Morocco. Gastroenterology 76: 1368–1373, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. DuPont HL, Sullivan P, Evans DG, et al.: Prevention of travelers’ diarrhea (emporiatic enteritis): prophylactic administration of subsalicylate bismuth. JAMA 243: 237–241, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Stamey TA: Urinary tract infections in the female:a perspective. In Remington JS, Swartz MN (eds): Current clinical topics in infectious diseases. McGraw-Hill Book Co, New York, pp 31–53, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  129. Stamey TA, Condy M: The diffusion and concentration of trimethoprim on human vaginal fluid. J Infect Dis 131: 261–266, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Harding GKM, Ronald ARA: A controlled study of antimicrobial prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infection in women. N Engl J Med 291: 597–601, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Stamey TA, Condy M, and Mihara G: Prophylactic efficacy of nitrofurantoin macrocrystals and tri-methoprim-sulfamethoxazole in urinary infections. N Engl J Med 296: 780–783, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Vosti KL: Recurrent urinary tract infections. Prevention by prophylactic antibiotics after sexual in-tercourse. JAMA 231: 934–940, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Stamm WE, McKevitt M, Counts GW, Wagner KF, Turck M, and Holmes KH: Is antimicrobial prophylaxis of urinary tract infections cost effective? Ann Intern Med 94: 251–255, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Wong ES, McKevitt M, Running K, Counts GW, Turck M, Stamm WE: Management of recurrent urinary tract infections with patient-administered single-dose therapy. Ann Intern Med 102: 302–307, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Maynard JE, Fleshman K, Tschopp CF: Otitis media in Alaskan Eskimo children. JAMA 219: 579–599, 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  136. Perrin JM, Charney E, MacWhinney JB Jr, et al.: Sulfisoxazole as chemoprophylaxis for recurrent otitis media: a double-blind cross-over study in pediatric practice. N Engl J Med 291: 664–667, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Biedel CW: Modification or recurrent otitis media by short-term Sulfonamid therapy. Am J Dis Child 132: 681 - 683, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Schwartz RH, Rodriguez WJ: Trimethoprim-sul-famethoxazole prophylaxis in recurrent otitis media of patients with middle ear effusions following acute otitis media. Presented at the 20th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, New Orleans, abstract 127, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  139. Feder HM: Chemoprophylaxis in ambulatory pediatrics. Ped Infect Dis 2: 251–257, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  140. Zoler ML: Chemotherapeutic agents against RNA viruses: ranks swelling. JAMA 249: 989–992, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Sabin AB: Amantadine and influenza evaluation of conflicting reports. J Infect Dis 138: 557–566, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Dolin R, Reichman RC, Madore HP, Maynard R, Linton PN, Webber-Jones J: A controlled trial of amantadine and rimantadine in the prophylaxis of influenza A infection. N Engl J Med 307: 580–588, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Armstrong D: Infections in patients with neoplastic disease. In: Verhoef J, Peterson PK, Quie PG (eds): Infections in the immunocompromised host—pathogenesis, prevention and therapy. El- sevier/North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp 129–158, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  144. Johanson WG, Pierce AK, Sanford JP: Changing pharyngeal flora of hospitalized patients, emergence of gram-negative bacilli. N Engl J Med 269: 1137–1140, 1969.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  145. Schimpff SC, Green WH, Young VM, et al.: Infection prevention in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Laminar air-flow room reverse isolation with oral, nonabsorbable antibiotic prophylaxis. Ann Intern Med 82: 351–358, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Henry SA: Chemoprophylaxis of bacterial infections in granulocytopenic patients. Am J Med 76: 645–651, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Levine AS, Siegel SE, Schreiber AD, et al.: Protected environments: a prospective controlled study of their utility in the therapy of acute leukemia. N Engl J Med 288: 477–483, 1973.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Yates JW, Holland JF: A controlled study of isola-tion and endogenous microbial suppression in acute myelocytic leukemia patients. Cancer 32: 1490–1498, 1973.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Rodriguez V, Bodey GP, Freireich EJ, et al.: Randomized trial of protected environment-prophylac- tic antibiotics in 145 adults with acute leukemia. Medicine (Baltimore) 57: 253–266, 1978.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. EORTC Gnotobiotic Group: Protective isolation and antimicrobial decontamination in patients with high susceptibility to infection. Infection 6: 175–191, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  151. Reiter B, Gee T, Young L, Dowling M, Armstrong D: Use of oral antibiotics during remission induction in adult patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemias (ANLL) [abstract]. Clin Res 21: 652, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  152. Enno A, Catovsky D, Darrell J, Goldman JM, Hows J, Galton DAG: Cotrimoxazole for prevention of infection in acute leukemia. Lancet 2: 395–397, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Gurwith MJ, Brunton HL, Lank BA, Harding GF, Ronald AR: A prospective controlled investigation of prophylactic trimethoprim-sulfamethaxazole in hospitalized granulocytopenic patients. Am J Med 66: 248–256, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Pizzo PA, Robichaud KJ, Brenda KE, Schumaker C, Barrett KS: Oral antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with cancer: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Ped 102: 125–133, 1983.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Dekker AW, Rozenberg-Arska M, Sixma J J, Verhoef J: Prevention of infection by trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole plus amphotericin B in patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia. Ann Intern Med 95:555–559, 1981

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Wade J, DeJongh C, Newman K, Wiernik P, Schimpff SC: Selective antimicrobial modulation as prophylaxis against infection during granulocy-topenia: trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole vs. nalidixic acid. J. Infect Dis 147:624–634, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. Calvo F, Marty M, Lepors JS, Ferine C, Boiron M: Antibiotic prophylaxis against infections in acute leukemia. NEJM 305(10):583–584, Sept. 3, 1981.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  158. Zinner S, Gaya H, Glauser M, et al.: Cotrimoxa- zole and reduction of risk of infection in neutropenic patients: a progress report. Proceedings of the 21st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, abstract 795. Chicago, Nov 4 - 6, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  159. Meunier-Carpentier F: Chemoprophylaxis of fungal infections. Am J Med 76: 652–656, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. CDC: Gonorrhea: CDC recommended treatment schedules, 1979. MMWR 28: 17–20, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  161. CDC: Syphilis: CDC recommended treatment schedules. J Infect Dis 134: 97 - 99, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  162. Broome CV, Preblud SR, Bruner B, et al.: Epide-miology of pertussis, Atlanta, 1977. J Ped 98: 362–367, 1981.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. Linnemann CC Jr, Ramundo N, Peristein PH, et al.: Use of pertussis vaccine in an epidemic involving hospital staff. Lancet 2: 540–543, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  164. Bass JW, Klenk, EL, Kotheimer JB, et al: Antimi-crobial treatment of pertussis. J Pediat 75: 768–781, 1969.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. Altemeier WA, Ayoub EM: Erythromycin pro-phylaxis for pertussis. Pediatrics 59: 623–625, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Peter N. R. Heseltine
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. John M. Leedom
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical Pharmacology Section, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, 90033, USA

    Robert F. Maronde (Professor of Medicine, Head) (Professor of Medicine, Head)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1986 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Heseltine, P.N.R., Leedom, J.M. (1986). Prophylactic Antibiotics. In: Maronde, R.F. (eds) Topics in Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4864-4_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4864-4_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9336-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-4864-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation