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Avian Physiology pp 359–382Cite as

Kidneys, Extrarenal Salt Excretion, and Urine

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Abstract

The ions of Na and Cl, the major electrolytes of plasma and extracellular fluids, constitute with K and NH4 the major fraction of osmolality of ureteral urine; the osmotic and volume regulation (osmoregulation) is defined as the turnover and homeostasis of these ions (Skadhauge, 1981). This chapter is concerned primarily with the involvement of the kidney, urine, and salt glands in osmoregulation and other functions. Also, body fluids are considered in Chapter 5, water consumption in Chapter 11, and water absorption in the gut in Chapter 12; water loss (evaporation) is discussed in Chapter 9. For those readers interested in greater detail in these areas and in osmoregulation in general, consult the reviews of Skadhauge (1981) and Willoughby and Peaker (1979). The reviews of Dantzler and Braun (1980) and Braun (1982) are concerned more specifically with the type of nephrons involved in osmoregulation and with the handling of uric acid, a nonelectrolyte.

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  1. Department of Animal Sciences, Cook College, Rutgers University, 08903, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA

    P. D. Sturkie Ph.D. (Emeritus Professor of Physiology) (Emeritus Professor of Physiology)

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Sturkie, P.D. (1986). Kidneys, Extrarenal Salt Excretion, and Urine. In: Sturkie, P.D. (eds) Avian Physiology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4862-0_16

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