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Abstract

The position of the abdominal viscera and cardiac chambers can usually be determined confidently by noninvasive ultrasound. Variations from normal should be described in a sequential fashion. Abdominal and retroperitoneal organs easiest to evaluate include the liver, stomach, abdominal aorta, inferior vena cava, and spleen (see Chapter 2).

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Seward, J.B., Tajik, A.J., Edwards, W.D., Hagler, D.J. (1987). Introduction to Tomographic Anatomy. In: Two-Dimensional Echocardiographic Atlas. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4726-5_1

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