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Virus—Membrane Interactions Involved in Circulative Transmission of Luteoviruses by Aphids

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Book cover Current Topics in Vector Research

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Vector Research ((VECTOR,volume 4))

Abstract

Aphids are ideally suited for transferring plant-infecting viruses from host to host. The piercing-sucking mouthparts, mode of dispersal, and prolific reproductive behavior of aphids facilitate survival and spread of plant viruses over large areas. Two general mechanisms have been described to explain how aphids transmit plant viruses. One mechanism involves aphid acquisition of virus during brief probes of the aphid’s stylet into epidermal cells of virus infected plants. During these exploratory test probes the stylets penetrate epidermal cells and the aphid ingests cell contents into the fore gut, especially the maxillary food canal, cibarial pump, and pharynx. During ingestion some viruses suspended in the plant cytoplasm are believed to adhere to the lining of the fore gut (27, 28, 55). Adherence of virus to the chitin-lined fore gut may involve an interaction between the virus and other compounds (helper factor) produced in the infected cell (4). If the aphid completes a test probe on an infected plant and then moves immediately to another plant and initiates a second test probe, it is believed that some of the virions in the lumen are adhering to the lining of the fore gut may detach and be expelled or egested into the newly penetrated epidermal cell being sampled (27, 28). For unknown reasons aphids lose the ability to transmit viruses by this mechanism within minutes or hours. This type of transmission is, therefore, described as non-persistent transmission. Other types of viruses are probably transmitted by a similar mechanism; however, aphids retain the ability to transmit these viruses for up to several days. This type of transmission has been described as semipersistent (27, 28, 46).

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  1. Frederick E. Gildow
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  1. Virus-Vector Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 77843, College Station, Texas, USA

    Kerry F. Harris

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Gildow, F.E. (1987). Virus—Membrane Interactions Involved in Circulative Transmission of Luteoviruses by Aphids. In: Harris, K.F. (eds) Current Topics in Vector Research. Current Topics in Vector Research, vol 4. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4712-8_4

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