Abstract
This chapter is devoted to a review and analysis of the use of mnemonic techniques in special areas of education, particularly with handicapped children and other nonstandard groups. Whereas this statement of purpose is straightforward, it has been our experience that considerable complexities are involved in fully establishing the value of mnemonics, itself a complex topic, in the realm of special education.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ainsworth, J. S. (1979). Symbol learning in Navy technical training: An evaluation of strategies and mnemonics (TAEG Report No. 661). Orlando, FL: U.S. Navy Training Analysis and Evaluation Group.
Arnold, P. (1978). Mental rotation by deaf and hearing children. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 47, 977–978.
Atkinson, R. C. (1975). Mnemotechnics in second language learning. American Psychologist, 30, 821–828.
Atkinson, R. C., & Raugh, M. R. (1975). An application of the mnemonic keyword method to the acquisition of a Russian vocabulary. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning & Memory, 104, 126–133.
Bellezza, F. S. (1981). Mnemonic devices: Classification, characteristics, and criteria. Review of Educational Research, 51, 247–275.
Bender, N., & Turnure, J. E. (1980). A critique of transfer of training research. Paper presented at the 88th annual convention of the American Psychological Association, September 1–5, Montreal, Canada.
Borkowski, J. G., & Cavanaugh, J. (1979). Maintenance and generalization of skills and strategies by the retarded. In N. Ellis (Ed.), Handbook of mental deficiency: Psychological theory and research (2nd ed.) (pp. 569–617). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.
Braby, R., Kincaid, J. P., & Aagard, F. A. (1978). Use of mnemonics in training materials: A guide for technical writers (TAEG Report No. 60). Orlando, FL: U.S. Navy Training Analysis and Evaluation Group (NTIS No. ADA064218).
Bransford, J. D., & Stein, B. S. (1984). The ideal problem solver. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.
Brigham, S., & Pressley, M. (in preparation). Imagery based mnemonic strategies with the elderly.
Brown, A. L., Campione, J. C., & Day, J. D. (1981). Learning to learn: On training students to learn from texts. Educational Researcher, 10, 14–21.
Bugelski, B. R. (1970). Words and things and images. American Psychologist, 25, 1002–1012.
Burger, A. L., Blackman, L. S., Clark, H. T., & Reis, E. (1982). Effects of hypothesis testing and variable formal training on generalization of a verbal abstraction strategy by EMR learners. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 86, 405–413.
Camp-Cameron, J., Markley, R. P., & Kramer, J. J. (1983). Spontaneous use of mnemonics by elderly individuals. Educational Gerontology, 90, 57–71.
Campione, J. C., & Brown A. L. (1977). Memory and metamemory development in educable retarded children. In R. V. Kail, Jr., & J. W. Hagen (Eds.), Perspectives on the development of memory and cognition. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.
Carpenter, P. A., & Eisenberg, P. (1978). Mental rotation and the frame of reference in blind and sighted individuals. Perception and Psychophysics, 23, 117–124.
Carrier, C., Karbo, K., Kindem, H., Legisa, G., & Newstrom, L. (1983). Use of self-generated and supplied visuals as mnemonics in gifted children’s learning. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 57, 235–240.
Cermak, L. S. (1983). Information processing deficits in children with learning disabilities. Journal of learning Disabilities, 16, 599–605.
Chase, W. G., & Simon, H. A. (1973). Perception in chess. Cognitive Psychology, 14, 55–81.
Chipman, S. E, & Segal, J. W. (1985). Higher cognitive goals for education: An introduction. In S. E Chipman, J. W. Segal, & R. Glaser (Eds.), Thinking and learning skills, Vol. 2: Research and open questions (pp. 1–18). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.
Chuang, C. S. (1974). The effect of elaboration and response made upon acquisition of Chinese ideographs. Unpublished master’s thesis, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT.
Cornoldi, C., & Sanavio, E. (1980). Imagery value and recall in deaf children. Italian Journal of Psychology, 7, 33–39.
Craig, E. M. (1973). Role of mental imagery in free recall of deaf, blind, and normal subjects. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 970, 249–253.
Crosson, B., & Buenning, W. (1984). An individualized memory training program after closed-head injury: A single-case study. Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 6, 287–301.
Danner, E W., & Taylor, A. M. (1973). Integrated pictures and relational imagery training in children’s learning. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 16, 47–54.
de Groot, A. D. (1965). Thought and choice in chess. The Hague: Mouton.
Dodds, A. G. (1983). Mental rotation and visual imagery. Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 77, 16–18.
Dunn, L. M. (Ed.). (1973). Exceptional children in the schools: Special education in transition (2nd ed.). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Egan, D. E., & Schwartz, B. J. (1979). Chunking in recall of symbolic drawings. Memory and Cognition, 7, 149–158.
Elbert, J. C. (1984). Short-term memory encoding and memory search in the word recognition of learning-disabled children. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 17, 342–345.
Evans, G. W., Brennan, P. L., Skorpanich, M. A., & Held, D. (1984). Cognitive mapping and elderly adults: Verbal and location memory for urban landmarks. Journal of Gerontology, 39, 452–457.
Fitts, P. M., & Posner, M. I. (1967). Human performance. Belmont, CA: Brooks Cole.
Fleischmann, U. M. (1982). Gedaechtnistraining im hoheren Lebensalter: Ansatzpunkte und Moeglichkeiten [Memory training in older age: The chance of improvements]. Zeit-schrift fur Gerontologie, 15, 53–62.
Gage, N. L., & Berliner, D. C. (1984). Educational Psychology (3rd ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Gasparrini, B., & Satz, P. (1979). A treatment for memory problems in left-hemisphere CVA patients. Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1, 137–150.
Gelzheiser, L. M., Solar, R. A., Shepherd, M. J., & Wozniak, R. H. (1983). Teaching learning disabled children to memorize: A rationale for plans and practice. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 16, 421–425.
Gentner, D., & Gentner, D. R. (1983). Flowing waters or teeming crowds: Mental models of electricity. In D. Gentner & A. L. Stevens (Eds.), Mental models (pp. 99–130). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.
Gentner, D., & Stevens, A. L., (Eds.) (1983). Mental models. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.
Gick, M. L. (1985). The effect of a diagram retrieval cue on spontaneous analogical transfer. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 39, 460–466.
Gick, M. L., & Holyoak, K. J. (1980). Analogical problem solving. Cognitive Psychology, 12, 306–355.
Gick, M. L., & Holyoak, K. J. (1983). Schema induction and analogical transfer. Cognitive Psychology, 15, 1–38.
Glasgow, R. E., Zeiss, R. A., Barrera, M., & Lewinsohn, P. M. (1977). Case studies on remediating memory deficits in brain-damaged individuals. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 33, 1049–1054.
Glidden, L. M., & Mar, H. H. (1978). Availability and accessibility of information in the semantic memory of retarded and nonretarded adolescents. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 25, 33–40.
Griffith, D. (1979). A review of the literature on memory enhancement: The potential and relevance of mnemotechnics for military training. (Tech. Rep. No. 436). Alexandria, VA: U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences.
Griffith, D., & Actkinson, T. R. (1978). Mnemonic enhancement and general technical ability. (Tech. Rep. No. 336). Alexandria, VA: U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences (NTIS No. AD-A061314).
Hall, A. (1981). A developmental study of cognitive equivalence in the congenitally blind. Journal of Mental Imagery, 5, 61–73.
Hayes, J. R. (1981). The complete problem solver. Philadelphia: The Franklin Institute Press.
Hayes, J. R. (1985). Three problems in teaching general skills. In S. F. Chipman, J. W. Segal, & R. Glaser (Eds.), Thinking and learning skills, Vol. 2: Research and open questions (pp. 391–406). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.
Heinen, J. R., Cobb, L., & Pollard, J. W. (1976). Word imagery modalities and learning in the deaf and hearing. Journal of Psychology, 93, 191–195.
Heintz, P., & Blackman, L. S. (1977). Psychoeducational considerations with the mentally retarded child. In I. Bialer & M. Sternlicht (Eds.), The psychology of mental retardation: Issues and approaches. New York: Psychological Dimensions.
Herman, J. F., Chatman, S. P., & Roth, S. F. (1983). Cognitive mapping in blind people: Acquisition of spatial relationships in a large-scale environment. Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 77, 161–166.
Hess, T. M. (1982). Visual abstraction processes in young and old adults. Developmental Psychology, 18, 473–484.
Hess, T. M., & Radtke, R. C. (1981). Processing and memory factors in children’s reading comprehension skill. Child Development, 52, 479–488.
Higbee, K. L. (1979). Recent research on visual mnemonics: Historical roots and educational fruits. Review of Educational Research, 49, 611–629.
Hollyfield, R. L. (1982). Individual differences in spatial problem solving by the blind. EDRA: Environmental Design Research Association, 13, 370–380.
Holyoak, K. J. (1985). The pragmatics of analogical transfer. In G. H. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 19, pp. 59–88). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
Horgan, J. S. (1983). Mnemonic strategy instruction in coding, processing, and recall of movement-strategy cues by mentally retarded children. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 57, 547–557.
Hunt, E. B., Lunneborg, C., & Lewis, J. (1975). What does it mean to be high verbal? Cognitive Psychology, 7, 194–227.
Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1983). Mental models: Towards a cognitive science of language, inference, and consciousness. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Jones, M. (1974). Imagery as a mnemonic aid after left temporal lobectomy: Contrast between material specific and general memory disorders. Neuropsychologia, 12, 21–30.
Jonides, J., Kahn, R., & Rozin, P. (1975). Imagery instructions improve memory in blind subjects. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 5, 424–426.
Kail, R. V., Jr., & Siegel, A. W. (1977). The development of mnemonic encoding in children: From perception to abstraction. In R. V. Kail, Jr., & J. W. Hagen (Eds.), Perspectives on the development of memory and cognition (pp. 61–88). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.
Kendall, P. C., & Hollon, S. D. (1979). Cognitive-behavioral interventions: Theory, research, and procedures. New York: Academic Press.
Kerr, N. H. (1983). The role of vision in ‘visual imagery’ experiments: Evidence from the congenitally blind. Journal of Experimental Psychology, General, 112, 265–277.
Koh, S. D., & Kayton, L. (1974). Memorization of’unrelated’ word strings by young non-psychotic schizophrenics. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 83, 14–22.
Kosslyn, S. M. (1980). Image and mind. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Kramer, J. J., Nagle, R. J., & Engle, R. W. (1980). Recent advances in mnemonic strategy training with mentally retarded persons: Implications for educational practice. Journal of Mental Deficiency, 85, 306–314.
LaBerge, D., & Samuels, S. J. (1974). Toward a theory of automatic information processing in reading. Cognitive Psychology, 6, 293–323.
Landau, G., Gleitman, H., & Spelke, E. (1981). Spatial knowledge and geometric representation in a child blind from birth. Science, 213, 1275–1278.
Lane, J. F. (1980). Improving athletic performance through visuomotor behavior rehearsal. In R. M. Suinn (Ed.), Psychology in sports: Methods and applications. Minneapolis: Burgess.
Lane, J. F. (1981). The use of imagery for the diagnosis and correction of athletic performance errors. Paper presented at the third annual meeting of the American Association for the Study of Mental Imagery, June 19–21, Yale University.
Larsen, S. F., & Fromholt, P. (1976). Mnemonic organization and free recall in schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 85, 61–65.
Lea, G. (1975). Chronometric analysis of the method of loci. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 104, 95–104.
Lebrato, M. T., & Ellis, N. R. (1974). Imagery mediation in paired-associate learning by retarded and nonretarded subjects. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 78, 704–713.
Lewinsohn, P. M., Danaher, B. G., & Kikel, S. (1977). Visual imagery as a mnemonic aid for brain-damaged persons. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 45, 717–723.
Lininger, R. S. (1984). The use of mime to facilitate learning with mentally retarded students. Doctoral dissertation, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
Lorayne, H. (1974). How to develop a super-power memory. New York: New American Library.
Lorayne, H., & Lucas, J. (1974). The memory book. New York: Ballantine Books.
Luria, A. R. (1968). The mind of a mnemonist (L. Solotaroff, Transl.). New York: Basic Books.
MacMillan, D. L., & Meyers, C. E. (1984). Molecular research and molar learning. In P. H. Brooks, R. Sperber, & C. McCauley (Eds)., Learning and cognition in the mentally retarded (pp. 433–474). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.
Marmor, G. S., & Zaback, L. A. (1976). Mental rotation by the blind: Does mental rotation depend upon visual imagery? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 2, 515–521.
Mason, S. E., & Smith, A. D. (1977). Imagery in the aged. Experimental Aging Research, 3, 17–32.
Mastropieri, M. A., Scruggs, T. E., & Levin, J. R. (1985). Maximizing what exceptional students can learn: A review of research on the keyword method and related mnemonic techniques. RASE: Remedial and Special Education, 6, 39–45.
McCarty, D. L. (1980). Investigation of a visual imagery mnemonic divide for acquiring face-name associations. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 6, 145–155.
Meichenbaum, D. (1985). Teaching thinking: A cognitive-behavioral perspective. In S. F. Chipman, J. W. Segal, & R. Glaser (Eds.), Thinking and learning skills, Vol. 2: Research and open questions (pp. 407–426). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.
Morris, C. D., Bransford, J. D., & Franks, J. J. (1977). Levels of processing versus transfer appropriate processing. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 16, 519–533.
Murray, F. B. (1979). The generation of educational practice from development theory. Educational Researcher, 14, 30–43.
Norman, D. (1976). Memory and attention (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley.
Paivio, A. (1979). Imagery and verbal processes. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.
Paivio, A., & Okavita, H. W. (1971). Word imagery modalities and associative learning in blind and sighted subjects. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 10, 506–510.
Patten, B. M. (1972). The ancient art of memory: Usefulness in treatment. Archives of Neurology, 26, 25–31.
Perkins, D. N. (1985). General cognitive skills: Why not? In S. F. Chipman, J. W. Segal, & R. Glaser (Eds.), Thinking and learning skills (Vol. 2, pp. 339–364). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.
Petkovich, M. D. (1986). Teaching algebra with worked examples: The effects of accompanying text and range of examples on the acquisition and retention of a problem solving skill. Doctoral dissertation, Department of Curriculum and Instruction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
Pressley, M. (1982). Elaboration and memory development. Child Development, 53, 296–309.
Pressley, M., & Dennis-Rounds, J. (1980). Transfer of a mnemonic keyword strategy at two age levels. Journal of Educational Psychology, 72, 575–582.
Pressley, M., Borkowski, J. G., & Schneider, W. (in press). Cognitive strategies: Good strategy users coordinate metacognition and knowledge. In R. Vasta & G. Whitehurst (Eds.), Annals of Child Development (Vol. 4). New York: JAI Press.
Rabinowitz, J. C., Craik, E I., & Ackerman, B. R (1982). A processing resource account of age differences in recall. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 36, 325–344.
Reese, H. W., & Parkington, J. J. (1973). Intralist interference and imagery in deaf and hearing children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 16, 165–183.
Reid, G. (1980). The effects of memory strategy instruction in the short-term memory of the mentally retarded. Journal of Motor Behavior, 12, 221–227.
Robertson-Tchabo, E. A., Hausman, C. P., & Arenberg, D. (1976). A classical mnemonic for older learners: A trip that works. Educational Gerontology, 1, 215–226.
Rohwer, W. D., Jr. (1973). Elaboration and learning in childhood and adolescence. In H. W. Reese (Ed.), Advances in child development and behavior (Vol. 8, pp. 1–57). New York: Academic Press.
Ross, D. M., & Ross, S. A. (1978). Facilitative effect of mnemonic strategies on multiple-associative learning in EMR children. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 82, 453–459.
Ross, J., & Lawrence, K. A. (1968). Some observations on memory artifice. Psychonomic Science, 13, 159–160.
Rowe, E. J., & Schnore, M. M. (1971). Item concreteness and reported strategies in paired-associate learning as a function of age. Journal of Gerontology, 26, 470–475.
Rumelhart, D. (1980). Schemata, the building blocks of cognition. In R. J. Spiro, B. C. Bruce, & W. E Brewer (Eds.), Theoretical issues in reading comprehension (pp. 33–58). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.
Samuels, S. J., & Miller, N. L. (1985). Failure to find attention differences between learning disabled and normal children on classroom and laboratory tasks. Exceptional Children, 51, 358–375.
Sarason, S. B. (1983). Schooling in America. New York: The Free Press.
Sasaki, M. (1981). The function of visual imagery/map and effect of input modality in spatial transformation task by blind and sighted adults. Japanese Journal of Psychology, 52, 281–288.
Scribner, S., & Cole, M. (1973). Cognitive consequences of formal and informal education. Science, 182, 553–559.
Scriven, M. (1976). Reasoning. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Scruggs, T. E., & Mastropieri, M. A. (1984). How gifted students learn: Implications from recent research. Roeper Review, 6, 183–185.
Sharp, D., Cole, M., & Lave, C. (1979). Education and cognitive development: The evidence from experimental research Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 44 (1–2, Serial No. 178).
Shepherd, M. J., & Gelzheiser, L. M. (in press). Strategies and mnemonics go to school. In H. L. Swanson (Ed.), Memory and learning disabilities. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Smith, R. M., Forsberg, S. J., Herb, S. L., & Neisworth, J. T. (1978). Instructional intervention. In J. T. Neisworth & R. M. Smith (Eds.), Retardation: Issues, assessment, and intervention. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Sprenger, W. D. (1971). The effects of block size and mnemonic aids upon paired-associate learning of shorthand symbols. Dissertation Abstracts International, 31 (9-A), 4634–4635.
Sternberg, R. J. (1977). Intelligence, information processing, and analogical reasoning. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.
Sternberg, R. J. (1985). Beyond IQ: A triarchic theory of human intelligence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sweller, J., & Cooper, G. A. (1985). The use of worked examples as a substitute for problem solving in learning algebra. Cognition and Instruction, 2, 59–89.
Swezey, R. W. (1977–78). Future directions in simulation and training. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 6, 285–292.
Tavon, E. (1984). Tips to trigger memory. Geriatric Nursing, 5, 26–27.
Taylor, A. M., & Turnure, J. E. (1979). Imagery and verbal elaboration with retarded children: Effects on learning and memory. In N. R. Ellis (Ed.), Handbook of mental deficiency. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.
Taylor, A. M., Thurlow, M. L., & Turnure, J. E. (1977). Vocabulary development of educable retarded children. Exceptional Children, 43, 444–450.
Terrace, H. S. (1966). Stimulus control. In W. K. Honig (Ed.), Operant behavior: Areas of research and application. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Thurlow, M. L., & Turnure, J. E. (1977). Children’s knowledge of time and money: Effective instruction for the mentally retarded. Education and Training of the Mentally Retarded, 12, 203–212.
Torgesen, J. K. (1981). The relationship between memory and attention in learning disabilities. Exceptional Education Quarterly, 2, 51–59.
Torgesen, J. K., & Houck, D. G. (1980). Processing deficiencies of learning-disabled children who perform poorly on the digit span test. Journal of Educational Psychology, 12, 141–160.
Traupmann, K. L. (1975). Effects of categorization and imagery on recognition and recall by process and reactive schizophrenics. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 84, 307–314.
Treat, N. J., & Reese, H. W. (1976). Age, pacing, and imagery in paired-associate learning. Developmental Psychology, 12, 119–124.
Treat, N. J., Poon, L. W., Fozard, J. L., & Popkin, S. J. (1978). Toward applying cognitive skill training to memory problems. Experimental Aging Research, 4, 305–319.
Tulving, E., & Thompson, D. M. (1973). Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory. Psychological Review, 80, 352–373.
Turnure, J. E. (1985). Communication and cues in the functional cognition of the mentally retarded. In N. R. Ellis & N. W. Bray (Eds.), International review of research in mental retardation (Vol. 13, pp. 43–77). New York: Academic Press.
Turnure, J. E., & Gudeman, R. (1984). Long-term memory and mental retardation: Effects of individual differences and retrieval cues on remembrance of prior discourse. Final Report: Grant No. 5 ROl HD 15409-02. Washington, D.C.: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
Turnure, J. E., & Zigler, E. (1964). Outer-directedness in the problem solving of normal and retarded children. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 69, 427–436.
Turnure, J. E., Samuels, S. J., & Carlson, E. (1985). An investigation of time-on-taskfor handicapped children in Levels Two, Three, and Four service delivery systems. Final Report: Grant No. 09-EFF 085. St. Paul, MN: Minnesota State Department of Education, Special Education Effectiveness Project.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Waddell, K. J., & Rogoff, B. (1981). Effect of contextual organization on spatial memory of middle-aged and older women. Developmental Psychology, 17, 878–885.
Whitbourne, S. K., & Slavin, A. E. (1978). Imagery and sentence retention in elderly and young adults. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 133, 287–298.
Whitely, S. E., & Taylor, A. M. (1973). Overt verbalization and the continued production of effective elaborations by EMR children. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 78, 193–198.
Williams, L. V. (1983). Teaching for the two-sided mind. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Wilson, B. (1982). Success and failure in memory training following a cerebral vascular accident. Cortex, 18, 581–594.
Wolff, P., & Levin, J. R. (1972). The role of overt activity in children’s imagery production. Child Development, 43, 537–547.
Yates, E A. (1966). The art of memory. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Yesavage, J. A. (1984). Relaxation and memory training in 39 elderly patients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 778–781.
Yesavage, J. A., & Rose, T. L. (1983). Concentration and mnemonic training in elderly subjects with memory complaints: A study of combined therapy and order effects. Psychiatry Research, 9, 157–167.
Yesavage, J. A., & Rose, T. L. (1984a). The effects of a face-name mnemonic in young, middle-aged, and elderly adults. Experimental Aging Research, 10, 55–57.
Yesavage, J. A., & Rose, T. L. (1984b). Semantic elaboration and the method of loci. Experimental Aging Research, 10, 155–159.
Yesavage, J. A., Rose, T. L., & Bower, G. H. (1983). Interactive imagery and affective judgments improve face-name learning in the elderly. Journal of Gerontology, 38, 197–203.
Zimler, J., & Keenan, J. M. (1983). Imagery in the congenitally blind: How visual are visual images? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 9, 269–282.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1987 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Turnure, J.E., Lane, J.F. (1987). Special Educational Applications of Mnemonics. In: McDaniel, M.A., Pressley, M. (eds) Imagery and Related Mnemonic Processes. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4676-3_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4676-3_15
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9111-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-4676-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive