Abstract
Dietary and nutritional factors are widely recognized to be important factors in the genesis of human cancer (1–4). The possible mechanisms involved have been discussed in several review articles (5–7). The high incidence of gastrointestinal cancers in many Third World countries is correlated with the presence of carcinogens, such as aflatoxin and nitrosamines, in the diet (8–10) as well as nutritional deficiencies which are believed to enhance carcinogenesis (7,11). For example, a higher risk for gastric cancer has been shown to be associated with infrequent consumption of fruits and vegetables (3,12–15). Similarly, a high incidence of esophageal cancer is frequently found among individuals who consume low levels of vegetables and fruits and with low plasma levels of vitamins C and E as well as other micronutrients. This chapter explores the possible mechanisms by which constituents in vegetables and fruits inhibit carcinogenesis by blocking the endogenous synthesis of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds. The etiology of esophageal cancer in Linxian, China is discussed in detail to substantiate this possibility.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Doll, R. and Peto, R. (1981) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 66, 1191–1308.
Byers, T. and Graham, S. (1984) Adv. Cancer Res., 41, 1–69.
Weisburger, J.H., Wynder, E.L., and Horn, C.L. (1982) Cancer, 50, 2541–2549.
Reddy, B.S., Cohen, L.A., McCoy, G.D., Hill, P., Weisburger, J.H., and Wynder, E.L. (1980) Adv. Cancer Res., 32, 327–345.
Ames, B.N. (1983) Science, 221, 1256–1264.
Fiala, E.S., Reddy, B.S., and Weisburger, J.H. (1985) Ann. Rev. Nutr., 5, 295–321.
Yang, C.S. and Newmark, H.L. (1987) CRC Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, 7, 267–287.
Yang, C.S. (1982) in: Nitrosamines and Human Cancer, Banbury Rep. No. 12, P.N., Magee, (Ed.), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, 487–501.
Charnley, G., Tannenbaum, S.R., and Correa, P. (1982) in: Nitrosamines and Huamn Cancer, Banbury Rep. No. 12, P.N., Magee, (Ed.), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York., 503–522.
Yeh, F.S., Yu, M.C., Mo, C.C., Luo, S., Tong, M.J., and Henderson, B.E. (1989) Cancer Res., 49, 2506–2509.
Yang, C.S. (1984) in: Environmental Mutagenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Teratogenesis, E.H.Y. Chu, and W.M., Generoso, (Ed.), Plenum Press, New York, 465.
Kolonel, L.N., Nomura, A.M.Y., Hinde, M.W., Hirohata, T., Rankin, J.H., and Lee, J. (1983) Cancer Res., 43, 2397S–2402S.
Hirayama, T. (1981) Gann Monogr., 3, 15–27.
Haenszel, W. and Correa P. (1975) Cancer Res., 35, 3452–3459.
Choi, N.W., Miller A.B., Fodor, J.G., Jain, M., Howe, G.R., Rish, H.A. and Ruder A.M. (1987) in: Relevance of N-Nitroso Compounds to Human Cancer: Exposure and Mechanisms, H. Bartsch, R. Schulte-Hermann and I.K. O’Neil (Eds.), IARC Sci. Pub. No. 84, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, pp. 492–496.
Yang, C.S., Chung, R. and Ding, I. (1989) in: Thoracic Oncology J.A., Roth, J.C., Ruckdeschel, and T.H. Weisenburger, ( Eds.) Saunders Co. Philadelphia, pp. 305–315.
National Research Council (1981) The Health Effects of Nitrate, Nitrite and NN-Nitroso Compounds (Part 1 of a 2-part study),National Academy Press, Washington DC.
Archer, M.C. (1984) in: N-Nitroso Compounds: Occurrence, Biological Effects and Relevance to Human Cancer, I.K. O’Neill, R.C. von Borstel, C.T. Miller, J. Long and H. Bartsch (Eds.), IARC Sci. Publ. No. 57, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, pp. 263–274.
Bartsch, H. Ohshima, H. and Pignatelli, B. (1988) Mutation Research, 202, 307–324.
Williams, D.L.H. (1983) Adv. Phys. Org. Chem., 19, 381–429.
Mirvish, S.S. (1975) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 31, 325–351.
Fan, T.Y. and Tannenbaum, S.R. (1973) J. Agric Food Chem., 21, 237–240.
Wishnok, J.S. and Richardson, D.P. (1979) J. Agric Food Chem., 27, 1132–2234.
Keefer, L.K., and Roller, P.P. (1973) Science, 181, 1245–1247.
Calmels, S., Ohshima, H., Crespi, M., Leclerc, H., Cattoen, C., and Bartsch, H. (1987) in: Relevance of N-Nitroso Compounds to Human Cancer: Exposure and Mechanisms, H. Bartsch, R. Schulte-Hermann and I.K. O’Neil (Eds.), IARC Sci. Pub. No. 84, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, pp. 391–395.
Leach, S.A., Cook, A.R., Challis, B.C., Hill, M.J., and Thompson, M.H. (1987) in: Relevance of N-Nitroso Compounds to Human Cancer: Exposure and Mechanisms, H. Bartsch, R. Schulte-Hermann and I.K. O’Neil (Eds.), IARC Sci. Pub. No. 84, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, pp. 396–399.
O’Donnell, C.M., Edwards, C., Corcoran, G.D., Ware, J. and Edwards, P.R. (1987) in: Relevance of N-Nitroso Compounds to Human Cancer: Exposure and Mechanisms, H. Bartsch, R. Schulte-Hermann and I.K. O’Neil (Eds.), IARC Sci. Pub. No. 84, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, pp. 400–403.
Ohshima, H., Calmels, S., Pignatelli, B., Vincent, P. and Bartsch, H. (1987) in: Relevance of N-Nitroso Compounds to Human Cancer: Exposure and Mechanisms, H. Bartsch, R. Schulte-Hermann and I.K. O’Neil (Eds.), IARC Sci. Pub. No. 84, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, pp. 384–390.
Higgy, N.A., Verma, A.K., Erturk, E., Oberly, T.D., El-Aaser, A.A., El-Merzabani, M.M. and Bryan, G.T. (1987) in: Relevance of N-Nitroso Compounds to Human Cancer: Exposure and Mechanisms, H. Bartsch, R. Schulte-Hermann and I.K. O’Neil (Eds.), IARC Sci. Pub. No. 84, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, pp. 380–383.
Stuehr, D.J. and Marietta, M.A. (1987) in: Relevance of N-Nitroso Compounds to Human Cancer: Exposure and Mechanisms, H. Bartsch, R. Schulte-Hermann and I.K. O’Neil (Eds.), IARC Sci. Pub. No. 84, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, pp. 335–339.
Miwa, M., Stuehr, D.J., Marietta, M.A., Wishnok, J.S. and Tannenbaum, S.R. (1987) in: Relevance of N-Nitroso Compounds to Human Cancer: Exposure and Mechanisms, H. Bartsch, R. Schulte-Hermann and I.K. O’Neil (Eds.), IARC Sci. Pub. No. 84, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, pp. 340–344.
Ohshima, H. and Bartsch, H. (1981) Cancer Res., 41, 3658–3662.
Wagner, D.A., Shuker, D.E.G., Bilmazes, C., Obiedzinski, M., Baker, I., Young, V.R. and Tannenbaum, S.R. (1985) Cancer Res., 45, 6519–6522.
Garland, W.A., Kuenzig, W., Rubio, F., Kornychuk, H., Norkus, E.P. and Conney, A.H. (1986) Cancer Res. 46, 5392–5400.
Yang, C.S. (1980) Cancer Res., 40, 2633–2644.
Yang, C.S., Miao, J., Yang, W., Huang, M., Wang, T., Xue, H., You, S., Lu, J. and Wu, J. (1982) Nutrition anc Cancer, 4, 154–164.
Ershow, A.G., Zheng, S.F., Li, G.Y., Li, J.Y., Yang, C.S. and Blot, W.J. (1984) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 73, 1477–1481.
Yang, C.S., Sun, Y., Yang, A., Miller, K., Li, G., Zheng, S.-F., Ershow, A.G., Blot, W.J. and Li, J. (1984) J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 73, 1449–1453.
Lu, S.H., Yang, W.X., Guo, L.P., Li, F.M., Wang, G.J., Zhang, J.S. and Li, P.Z. (1987) in: Relevance of N-Nitroso Compounds to Human Cancer: Exposure and Mechanisms, H. Bartsch, R. Schulte-Hermann and I.K. O’Neill (Eds.), IARC Scie. Publ. No. 84, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, pp. 538–543.
Lu, S.-H., Ohshima, H. Fu, H.-M., Tian, Y., Li, F.-M., Blettner, M., Wahrendorf, J. and Bartsch, H. (1986) Cancer Res., 46, 1485–1491.
Li, J. Taylor, P.R., Li, G., Blot, W., Yu, Y., Ershow, A.G., Sun, Y., Yang, C.S., Yang, Q., Tangrea, J.A., Zheng, S., Greenwald, P. and Cahill, J. (1986) J. Nutr. Growth Cancer, 3, 199–206.
Chen, J., Ohshima, H., Yang, H., Li, J., Campbell, T.C., Peto, R. and Bartsch, H. (1987) in: Relevance of N-Nitroso Compounds to Human Cancer: Exposure and Mechanisms, H. Bartsch, R. Schulte-Hermann and I.K. O’Neill (Eds.), IARC Sci. Publ. No. 84, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, pp. 503–506.
Kamiyama, S., Ohshima, H., Shimada, A., Saito, N., Bourgade, M.-C., Ziegler, P. and Bartsch, H. (1987) in: Relevance of N-Nitroso Compounds to Human Cancer: Exposure and Mechanisms, H. Bartsch, R. Schulte-Hermann and I.K. O’Neil (Eds.), IARC Sci. Pub. No. 84, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, pp. 497–502.
Newmark H.L. (1986) J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 65, 461–466.
Bartsch, D.H., and Fox, C.C. (1988) Cancer Res., 48, 7088–1092.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1990 The Humana Press Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Yang, C.S., Lu, SH. (1990). Effect of Nutrition on Carcinogenesis: Mechanisms Involving Nitrosamines. In: Prasad, K.N., Meyskens, F.L. (eds) Nutrients and Cancer Prevention. Experimental Biology and Medicine, vol 23. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4516-2_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4516-2_4
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8856-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-4516-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive