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Insect Neurochemistry and Neurophysiology · 1989 · pp 3–37Cite as

Neuropeptides: Unity and Diversity, a Molecular Approach

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Part of the book series: Experimental and Clinical Neuroscience ((ECN))

Summary

Neuropeptides are neuronal messengers which occur throughout the animal kingdom in a great molecular diversity. In recent years the molecular structure and gene coding of a number of neuropeptides of invertebrates has been elucidated. It appears from this data that we can distinguish some families of neuropeptides which occur in various groups of invertebrates as well as in vertebrates. These peptides, therefore, have an extremely long evolutionary history, up to 600 million years. As examples of these peptides we discuss here insulin and insulin-related peptides, the FMRFamide family, the head activator peptide and the vasopressin/vasotocin family.

On the other hand, there are neuropeptides which appear to be restricted to specific animal groups. Possibly these peptides evolved for control of a group specific adaptation. From this category we present here the egg-laying hormones of snails, and the adipokinetic and eclosion hormones of insects.

Besides, the genomically coded peptides, nerve cells use enzymatically produced “classical” transmitters, such as acetylcholine, as messengers. The advantages of this messenger dualism is discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    J. Joosse & W. P. M. Geraerts

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  1. J. Joosse
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  1. Insect Reproduction Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Building 306, Room 323, BARC-East, 20705, Beltsville, Maryland, USA

    A. B. Borkovec  & Edward. P. Masler  & 

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Joosse, J., Geraerts, W.P.M. (1990). Neuropeptides: Unity and Diversity, a Molecular Approach. In: Borkovec, A.B., Masler, E.P. (eds) Insect Neurochemistry and Neurophysiology · 1989 ·. Experimental and Clinical Neuroscience. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4512-4_1

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