Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Gastrin-Releasing Peptide (Mammalian Bombesin) Gene Expression in Health and Disease

  • Chapter
Pathology Reviews · 1989

  • 91 Accesses

Abstract

In recent years much attention has been focused on gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), the mammalian homologue of bombesin, both as a neuroregulatory hormone and as a tissue-specific growth factor in normal and neoplastic tissues. This paper will analyze the distribution and role of GRP in normal mammalian tissues and examine the potential involvement of GRP in diverse pathologic processes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Aguayo SM, Kane M, Schwarz MI, King T, Grauer L, Dienhart D, Bunn PA, Miller YE: Bombesin-like immunoreactivity in bronchoalveolar lavage from smokers and interstitial lung disease (abstr). Clin Res 35: 530, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  2. Allen JM, Hoyle NR, Yeats JC, Ghatei MA, Thomas DGT, Bloom SR: Neuropeptides in neurological tumors. J Neurooncol 3: 197, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Anastasi A, Erspamer V, Bucci M: Isolation and structure of bombesin and alytesin, two analogous active peptides from the skin of the European amphibians Bombina and Alytes. Experien-tia 27: 166, 1971

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Basson N, Giri S, Improta G, Lezoche E, Melchiorri P, Percoco M, Speranza V: External pancreatic secrection after bombesin infusion in man. Gut 16: 994, 998, 1975

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bertaccini G, Erspamer V, Melchiorri P, Sopranzi N: Gastrin release by bombesin in the dog. Br J Pharmacol 52: 219, 1974

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Bicknell R, Chapman C: Bombesin stimulates growth hormone secretion from cultured bovine pituitary cells. Neuroendocrinology 36: 33, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Bissette G, Nemeroff CB, Decker MW, Kizer JS, Agid Y, Javoy-Agid F: Alterations in regional brain concentrations of neurotensin and bombesin in Parkinson’s disease. Ann Neurol 17: 324, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Bostwick DG, Roth KA, Barchas JD, Bensch KG: Gastrin-releasing peptide immunoreactivity in intestinal carcinoids. Am J Clin Pathol 82: 428, 1984

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Bostwick DG, Roth KA, Evans CJ, Barchas JD, Bensch KG: Gastrin-releasing peptide, a mammalian analog of bombesin, is present in human neuroendocrine lung tumors. Am J Pathol 117: 195, 1984

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Brown M, Allen R, Villarreal J, Rivier J, Vale W: Bombesin-like activity: radioimmunologic assessment in biological tissues. Life Sci 23: 2721, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Burrows FA, Rabinovitch M: The pulmonary circulation in children with congenital heart disease: morphologic and morphomet-ric considerations. Can Anaesth Soc J 32: 364, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Chejfec G, Lee I, Warren WH, Gould VE: Bombesin in human neuroendocrine (NE) neoplasms. Peptides 6 (Suppl 3): 107, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Cirillo DM, Gaudino G, Naldini L, Comoglio PM: Receptor for bombesin with associated tyrosine kinase activity. Mol Cell Biol 6: 4641, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Comoglio PM: Personal communication.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Corps AN, Brown KD: Stimulation of intestinal epithelial cell proliferation in culture by growth factors in human and ruminant mammary secretions. J Endocrinol 113: 285, 1987

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Corps AN, Rees LH, Brown KD: A peptide that inhibits the mitogenic stimulation of Swiss 3T3 cells by bombesin or vasopressin. Biochem J 231: 781, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Cowan A, Khunawat P, Zhu XZ, Gmerek DE: Effects of bombesin on behavior. Life Sci 37: 135, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Coy DH, Heinz-Erian P, Jiang N-y, Jensen RT: Progress in the development of competitive bombesin antagonists (abstr). Regul Pept 19: 105, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  19. Cuttitta F, Carney DN, Mulshine J, Moody TW, Fedorko J, Fischler A, Minna JD: Bombesin-like peptides can function as autocrine growth factors in human small cell lung cancer. Nature 316: 823, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Cutz E, Chan W, Track NS: Bombesin, calcitonin and leu-en-kephalin immunoreactivity in endocrine cells of the human lung. Experientia 37: 765, 1981

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Dalsgaard C-J, Hokfelt T, Schultzberg M, Lundberg JM, Terenius L, Dockray GJ, Goldstein M: Origin of peptide-containing fibers in the inferior mesenteric ganglion of the guinea-pig: immunohis-tochemical studies with antisera to substance P, enkephalin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, cholecystokinin and bombesin. Neuroscience 9: 191, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Day R, Lemaire I, Masse S, Lemaire S: Pulmonary bombesin in experimentally induced asbestosis in rats. Exp Lung Res 8: 1, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. de la Monte SM, Hutchins GM, Moore GW: Respiratory epithelial cell necrosis is the earliest lesion of hyaline membrane disease of the newborn. Am J Pathol 123: 155, 1986

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Deschodt-Lanckman M, Robberecht P, De Neef P, Lammens M, Christophe J: In vitro action of bombesin and bombesin-like peptides on amylase secretion, calcium efflux, and adenylate cyclase activity in the rat pancreas. J Clin Invest 58: 891, 1976

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Dey RD, Hoffpauir JM: Ultrastructural colocalization of the bioactive mediators 5-hydroxytryptamine and bombesin in endocrine cells of human fetal airways. Cell Tissue Res 246: 119, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. di Sant’Agnese PA: Calcitonin-like immunoreactive and bombesin-like immunoreactive endocrine-paracrine cells of the human prostate. Arch Pathol Lab Med 110: 412, 1986

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. di Sant’Agnese PA, Davis NS, Chen M, deMesy Jensen KL: Age-related changes in neuroendocrine (endocrine-paracrine) cell population and the serotonin content of the guinea pig prostate. Lab Invest 57: 729, 1987

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. di Sant’Agnese PA, de Mesy Jensen KL, O’Toole K: Neuroendocrine differentiation in prostatic carcinoma (abstr). Lab Invest 54: 16, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  29. Dockray GJ, Vaillant C, Walsh JH: The neuronal origin of bom-besin-like immunoreactivity in the rat gastrointestinal tract. Neuroendocrinol 4: 1561, 1979

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Ekman R, Ivarsson S, Jansson L: Bombesin, neurotensin and pro-opio-melanotropin immunoreactants in human milk. Regul Pept 10: 99, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Erisman MD, Linno RI, Hernandez O, DiAngustine RP, Lazarus LH: Human lung small cell carcinoma contains bombesin. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 79: 2379, 1982

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Erspamer V, Falconieri Erspamer G, Massanti G, Endean R: Active peptides in the skins of one hundred amphibian species from Australia and Papua New Guinea. Comp Biochem Physiol 77C: 99, 1984

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Erspamer V, Melchiorri P, Falconieri Erspamer G, Montecucchi PC, de Castiglione R: Phyllomedusa skin: a huge factory and store-house of a variety of active peptides. Peptides 6 (Suppl 3): 7, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Fiddes JC, Goodman HM: The cDNA for the β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin suggests evolution by gene by read-through into the 3’-untranslated region. Nature 286: 684, 1980

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Fisher LA, Cave CR, Brown MR: Central nervous system cardiovascular effects of bombesin in conscious rats. Am Physiol Soc 248: H425, 1985

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Fischer JB, Schonbrunn A: The bombesin receptor is coupled to a guanine nucleotide binding protein which is insensitive to pertussis and cholera toxins. J Biol Chem 263: 2808, 1988

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Furness JB, Miller AS, Costa M: Bombesin-like peptides in the enteric plexuses (abstr). Regul Pept 19: 109, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  38. Fuxe K, Agnati LF, McDonald T, Locatelli V, Hokfelt T, Dalsgaard C-J, Battistini N, Yanaihara N, Mutt V, Cuello AC: Immunohistochemical indications of gastrin releasing peptide-bom-besin-like immunoreactivity in the nervous system of the rat. Codistribution with substance P-like immunoreactive nerve terminal systems and coexistence with substance P-like immunoreactivity in dorsal root ganglion cell bodies. Neurosci Letters 37: 17, 1983

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Gaull GE, Wright CE, Isaacs CE: Significance of growth modulators in human milk. Pediatrics 75: 142, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Ghatei MA, George SK, Major JH, Carlei F, Polak JM, Bloom SR: Bombesin-like immunoreactivity in the pancreas of man and other mammalian species. Experientia 40: 884, 1984

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Ghatei MA, Gu J, Allen JM, Polak JM, Bloom SR: Bombesin-like immunoreactivity in female rat genito-urinary tract. Neurosci Letters 54: 13, 1985

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Ghatei MA, Sheppard MN, Henzen-Logman S, Blank MA, Polak JM, Bloom SR: Bombesin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the developing lung: marked changes in acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 57: 1226, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Ghatei MA, Springall DR, Nicholl CG, Polak JM, Bloom SR: Gastrin-releasing peptide-like immunoreactivity in medullary thyroid carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol 84: 581, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Gibbs J, Bourne EM: Effect of bombesin on feeding behavior. Life Sei 37: 147, 1985

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Gillan JE, Pape KE, Cutz E: Association of changes in bombesin immunoreactive neuroendocrine cells in lungs of newborn infants with persistent fetal circulation and brainstem damage due to birth asphyxia. Pediatr Res 20: 828, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Gillati M, Moody T: The development of rat brain bombesin-like peptides and their receptors. Dev Brain Res 15: 286, 1984

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Gillis RA, Jensen RT, Buller A, DaSilva AMT, Hamosh P, Holtman JR: Central respiratory and cardiovascular effects of bombesin (abstr). Fed Proc 42: 358, 1983

    Google Scholar 

  48. Gould VE, Linnoila RI, Memoli VA, Warren WH: Neuroendocrine components of the bronchopulmonary tract: hyperplasias, dysplasias, and neoplasms. Lab Invest 49: 519, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Gunion MW, Tache Y: Bombesin microinfusion into the paraventricular nucleus suppresses gastric acid secretion in the rat. Brain Res 422: 118, 1987

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Hamid QA, Addis BJ, Springall DR, Ibrahim NB, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR, Polak JM: Expression of the C-terminal peptide of human pro-bombesin in 361 lung endocrine tumours, a reliable marker and possible prognostic indicator for small cell carcinoma. Virchows Arch [A] 411: 185, 1987

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Hamid QA, Bishop AE, Springall DR, Adams C, Giaid A, Denny P, Ghatei M, Legon S, Cuttita F, Rode J, Spindel E, Bloom SR, Polak JM: Detection of human pro-bombesin mRNA in small cell carcinoma of the lung: in situ hybridisation with cRNA probe. Cancer in press, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  52. Heath D, Smith P, Gosney J, Mulcahy D, Fox K, Yacoub M, Harris P: The pathology of the early and late stages of primary pulmonary hypertension. Br Heart J 58: 204, 1987

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Heinz-Erian P, Coy DH, Tamura M, Jones SW, Gardner JD, Jensen RT: [D-Phel2]bombesin analogues: a new class of bombesin receptor antagonists. Am J Physiol 252: G439, 1987

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Heslop JP, Blakeley DM, Brown KD, Irvine RF, Berridge MJ: Effects of bombesin and insulin on inositol (1,4,5) trisphosphate and inositol (1,3,4) trisphosphate formation in Swiss 3T3 cells. Cell 47: 703, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Hirschowitz BI, Tim LO, Helman CA, Molina E: Bombesin and G-17 dose responses in duodenal ulcer and controls. Dig Dis Sci 30: 1092, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Hofler H, Klimpfinger M, Ruhri C, Pfragner R, Spindel ER, Putz B, Wirnsberger G: Medullary thyroid carcinoma: characterization of neuroendocrine gene and oncogene expression. Lab Invest 56: 31A, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  57. Howlett TA, Hale AC, Price J, Doniach I, Rees LH, Wass JAH, Besser GM: Pituitary ACTH-dependent Cushing’s syndrome due to ectopic production of a bombesin-like peptide by a medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. Clin Endo 22: 91, 1985

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Impicciatore M, Bertaccini G: The bronchoconstrictor action of the tetradecapeptide bombesin in the guinea-pig. J Pharm Pharmac 25: 872, 1973

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Isacke CM, Meisenhelder J, Brown KD, Gould KL, Gould SJ, Hunter T: Early phosphorylation events following the treatment of Swiss 3T3 cells with bombesin and the mammalian bombesin-related peptide, gastrin-releasing peptide. EMBO J 5: 2889, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Ismail SM, Jasani B, Cole G: Histogenesis of haemangioblasto-mas: an immunocytochemical and ultrastructural study in a case of von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. J Clin Pathol 38: 417, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Jahnke GD, Lazarus LH: A bombesin immunoreactive peptide in milk. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 578, 1984

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Jensen RT, Jones SW, Folkers K, Gardner JD: A synthetic peptide that is a bombesin receptor antagonist. Nature 309: 61, 1984

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Jensen S, Cuttitta F, Winton T, Patterson GA, Chamberlain D, Ihde D, Linnoila I: Concordant expression of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and GRP gene associated peptides (GGAPs) in primary and metastatic human small cell lung cancers (SCLCs): an immunohistochemical analysis (abstr). Regul Pept 19: 116, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  64. Johnson DE, Loch JE, Elde RP, Thompson TR: Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells in hyaline membrane disease and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Pediatr Res 16: 446, 1982

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Johnson DE, Wobken JD, Landrum BG: Changes in bombesin, calcitonin and serotonin immunoreactive pulmonary neuroend-crine cells in cystic fibrosis and after prolonged mechanical ventilation. Am Rev Respir Dis 137: 123, 1988

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Johnson LR: Regulation of gastrointestinal growth. In Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Ed 2, edited by Johnson LR, pp 301–333. New York, Raven Press, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  67. Kameda Y, Hideki O, Horino M: Ontogeny of immunoreactive somatostatin in thyroid C cells from dogs and guinea pigs. Anat Rec 208: 89, 1984

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Kameya T, Bessho T, Tsumuraya M, Yamaguchi K, Abe K, Shimosato Y, Yanaihara N: Production of gastrin-releasing peptide by medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. Virchows Arch [A] 401: 99, 1983

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Kane M: Direct evidence for a membrane-associated receptor for a bombesin-like peptide in human small cell lung carcinoma H345 cells. Chest 91 (Suppl): 14, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  70. Kendall CH, Homer CE, Bishop AE, Polak JM: Age-related peptide production by human thyroid C cells: An immunohistochemical study. Virchows Arch [A] 410: 97, 1986

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Kentroti S, McCann SM: The effect of gastrin-releasing peptide on growth hormone secretion in the rat. Endocrinology 117: 1363, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Knigge U, Holst JJ, Knuhtsen S, Petersen B, Krarup T, Holst-Pedersen J, Christiansen PM: Gastrin-releasing peptide: pharmacokinetics and effects on gastro-entero-pancreatic hormones and gastric secretion in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 5902: 310, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  73. Koch TR, Carney JA, Go VL: Distribution and quantitation of gut neuropeptides in normal intestine and inflammatory bowel diseases. Dig Dis Sei 32: 369, 1987

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Kovacs TOG, Mulshine JL, Cuttitta F, Maxwell V, Walsh JH: The effects of long-term immunoneutralization of bombesin on gastric function in dogs (abstr). Regul Pept 19: 120, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  75. Kris RM, Hazan R, Villines J, Moody TW, Schlessinger J: Identification of the bombesin-receptor on murine and human cell by cross-linking experiments. J Biol Chem 262: 1 1215, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  76. Kulski JK, Hartmann PE: Milkinsulin, GH and TSH: relationship to changes in milk lactose, glucose and protein during lacto-genesis in women. Endocrinol Exp (Bratisl) 17: 317, 1983

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Lambert JR, Hansky J, Soveny C, Hunt P: Comparative effects of bombesin and porcine gastrin-releasing peptide in the dog. Dig Dis Sei 29: 1036, 1984

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Lauweryns JM, Cokelaere M, Lerut T, Theunynck P: Cross-circulation studies on the influence of hypoxia and hypoxaemia on neuro-epithelial bodies in young rabbits. Cell Tissue Res 193: 373, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Lazarus LH, Gaudino G, Wilson WE: Erspamer V: An immunoreactive peptide in milk contains bombesin-like bioactivity. Experienta 42: 822, 1986

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Lazarus LH, Wilson WE, Gaudino G, Irons BJ, Guglietta A: Evolutionary relationship between nonmammalian and mammalian peptides. Peptides 6 (Suppl 3): 295, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Lebacq-Verheyden AM, Coelingh K, Coligan J, Battey J: Processing of the human prepro-gastrin releasing peptide hormone (GRP) expressed in Swiss 3T3 mouse embryo fibroblasts and in a baculovirus/insect cell system (abstr). Regul Pept 19: 122, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  82. Lebacq-Verheyden AM, Krystal G, Markowitz S, Way J, Sausville E, Battey J: Molecular analysis of the expression of mammalian prepro-gastrin releasing peptide genes (abstr). Regul Pept 19: 122, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  83. Lehy T: Influence of bombesin on GI cell growth (abstr). Regul Pept 19: 123, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  84. Lehy T, Puccio F, Chariot J, Labeille D: Stimulating effect of bombesin on the growth of gastrointestinal tract and pancreas in suckling rats. Gastroenterology 90: 1942, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Lemaire S, Chouinard L, Mercier P, Day R: Bombesin-like immunoreactivity in bovine adrenal medulla. Regul Pept 13: 133, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Letterio JJ, Coughlin SH, Williams LT: Pertussis toxinsensitive pathway in the stimulation of c-myc expression and DNA synthesis by bombesin. Science 234: 1117, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Lhoste EF, Longnecker DS: Effect of bombesin and caerulein on early stages of carcinogenesis induced by azaserine in the rat pancreas. Cancer Res 47: 3273, 1987

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Linnoila RI, Becker KL, Silva OL, Snider RH, Moore CF: Calcitonin as a marker for diethylnitrosamine-induced pulmonary endocrine cell hyperplasia in hamsters. Lab Invest 51: 39, 1984

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. LiVolsi VA, Feind CR, LoGerfo P, Tashjian AH Jr.: Demonstration by immunoperoxidase staining of hyperplasia of parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland in hyperparathyroidism. Metabolism 37: 550, 1973

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Major J, Ghatei M, Bloom S: Bombesin-like immunoreactivity in the pituitary gland. Experentia 39: 1158, 1983

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Mantyh PW, Mantyh CR, Giraud AS, Soil AH, Walsh JH, Vigna SR: Localization of specific binding sites for bombesin and related peptides in the gastrointestinal tract (abstr). Regul Pept 19: 125, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  92. Matsubayashi S, Yanaihara C, Ohkubo M, Fukata S, Hayaski Y, Tamai H, Nakagawa T, Miyauchi A: Kuma, K, Abe, K, Suzuki, T, and Yanaihara, N Gastrin-releasing peptide immunoreactivity in medullary thyroid carcinoma. Cancer 53: 2471, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  93. McDonald TJ, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR, Adrian TE, Mochizuki T, Yanaihara C, Yanaihara N: Dose-response comparisons of canine plasma gastroenteropancreatic hormone responses to bombesin and the porcine gastrin-releasing peptide. Regul Pept 5: 125, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. McDonald TJ, Jornvall H, Ghatei M, Bloom SR, Mutt V: Characterization of an avian gastric (proventricular) peptide having sequence homology with the porcine gastrin-releasing peptide and the amphibian peptides bombesin and alytesin. FEBS Lett 122: 45, 1980

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. McDonald TJ, Jornvall H, Nilsson G, Vagne M, Ghatei M, Bloom SR, Mutt V: Characterization of a gastrin releasing peptide from porcine non-antral gastric tissue. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 90: 227, 1979

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. McGregor G, Woodhams P, O’Shaughnessy D, Ghatei M, Polak J, Bloom S: Developmental changes in bombesin, substance P, somatostatin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the rat brain. Neurosci Lett 28: 21, 1982

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Minamino N, Kangawa K, Matsuo H: Neuromedin B is a major bombesin-like peptide in rat brain: regional distribution of neuromedin B and neuromedin C in rat brain, pituitary and spinal cord. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 124: 925, 1984

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Mitsuma T, Nogimori T, Chaya M: Bombesin inhibits thyrotropin secretion in rats. Acta Endocrinol 108: 79, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Modlin IM, Lamers CB, Walsh JH: Stimulation of canine pancreatic polypeptide, gastrin, and gastric acid secretion by ranaten-sin, litorin, bombesin nonapeptide and substance P. Regul Pept 1: 279, 1981

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Montesani C, D’Amato A, Chiappalone S, Narilli P, Procacciante F: Bombesin as exocrine pancreatic stimulator in healthy and chronic pancreatitis subjects (abstr). Regul Pept 19: 127, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  101. Moody TW, Carney DN, Cuttitta F, Quattrocchi K, Minna JD: High affinity receptors for bombesin/GRP-like peptides on human small cell lung cancer. Life Sciences 37: 105, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Moody TW, O’Donohue TL, Jacobwitz DM: Biochemical localization and characterization of bombesin-like peptides in discrete regions of rat brain. Peptides 2: 75, 1981

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Moody TW, Pert CB: Bombesin-like peptides in rat brain: quantitation and biochemical characterization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 90: 7, 1979

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Moody TW, Pert CB, Gazdar AF, Carney DN, Minna JD: High levels of intracellular bombesin characterize human small-cell lung carcinoma. Science 214: 1246, 1981

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Moody TW, Russell EK, O’Donohue TL, Linden CD, Gazdar AF: Bombesin-like peptides in small cell cancer: biochemical characterisation and secretion from a cell line. Life Sci 32: 487, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Moody T, Thoa N, O’Donohue T, Pert C: Bombesin-like peptides in rat brain: Localization in synaptosomes and release from hypothalamic slices. Life Sci 26: 1707, 1980

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Moody TW, Thoa NB, O’Donohue TL, Jacobowitz DM: Bombesin-like peptides in rat spinal cord: biochemical characterization, localization and mechanism of release. Life Sci 29: 2273, 1981

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Nash SV, Said JW: Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. J Clin Pathol 86: 415, 1986

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Naylor SL, Sakaguchi AY, Spindel ER, Chin WW: Human gastrin-releasing peptide gene is located on chromosome 18. Somat Cell Molec Genet 13: 87, 1987

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Nesland JH, Holm R, Johannessen JV, Gould VE: Neurone specific enolase immunostaining in the diagnosis of breast carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation. Its usefulness and limitations. J Pathol 148: 35, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Niewoehner DE, Levine AS, Morley JE: Central effects of neuropeptides on ventilation in the rat. Peptides 4: 277, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Noda K, Umeda M, Ono T: Transforming growth factor activity in human colostrum. Jpn J Cancer Res 75: 109, 1984

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. O’Donohue TL, Massari JV, Pazoles CJ, Chronwall BM, Shults CW, Quirion R, Chase TN, Moody TW: A role for bombesin in sensory processing in the spinal cord. J Neurosci 12: 2956, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  114. Orloff MS, Reeve JR Jr, Ben-Avram CM, Shively JE, Walsh JH: Isolation and sequence analysis of human bombesin-like peptides. Peptides 5: 865, 1984

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Panula P: Histochemistry and function of bombesin-like peptides. Med Biol 64: 177, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Panula P, Yang H-YT, Costa E: Neuronal location of the bom-besin-like immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the rat. Regul Pept 4: 275, 1982

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Pearse AGE: The cytochemistry and ultrastructure of polypeptide hormone producing cells of the APUD series, and the embryologic, physiologic and pathologic implications of the concept. J Histo-chem Cytochem 17: 303, 1969

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Pedersen AG, Becker KL, Bach F, Snider RH, Gazdar AF, Sorensen PS, Bunn PA, Hansen HH: Cerebrospinal fluid bombesin and calcitonin in patients with central nervous system metastases from small-celt lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 4: 1620, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Pert CB, Schumacher UK: Plasma bombesin concentrations in patients with extensive small cell carcinoma of the lung. Lancet 1: 509, 1982

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Polak JM: Personal communication.

    Google Scholar 

  121. Porreca F: Centrally-initiated gastrointestinal motor effects of bombesin (abstr). Regul Pept 19: 133, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  122. Price J, Kruseman AC, Doniach I, Howlett TA, Besser GM, Rees LH: Bombesin-like peptides in human endocrine tumors: quantitation, biochemical characterisation and secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 60: 1097, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Price J, Penman E, Bourne GL, Rees LH: Characterisation of bombesin-like immunoreactivity in human fetal lung. Regul Pept 7: 315, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Price J, Penman E, Wass JAH, Rees LH: Bombesin-like immunoreactivity in human gastrointestinal tract. Regul Pept 9: 1, 1984

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Rabinovitch M, Haworth SG, Castaneda AR, Nadas AS, Reid LM: Lung biopsy in congenital heart disease: a morphometric approach to pulmonary vascular disease. Circulation 58: 1107, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Rabinovitch M, Haworth SG, Vance Z, Vawter G, Castaneda AR, Nadas AS, Reid LM: Early pulmonary vascular changes in congenital heart disease studied in biopsy tissue. Hum Pathol 11 (Suppl): 499, 1980

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Ravetch JV, Kirsh IR, Leder P: Evolutionary approach to the question of immunoglobulin heavy chain switching: Evidence from cloned human and mouse genes. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 77: 6734, 1980

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Reale FR, Esterly JR: Pulmonary hypoplasia: a morphometric study of the lungs of infants with diaphragmatic hernia, anen-cephaly, and renal malformations. Pediatrics 51: 91, 1973

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Reeve JR Jr, Walsh JH, Chew P, Clark B, Hawke D, Shively JE: Amino acid sequences of three bombesin-like peptides from canine intestine extracts. J Biol Chem 258: 5582, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Rivier C, Rivier J, Vale W: The effect of bombesin and related peptides on prolactin and growth hormone in the rat. Endocrinology 102: 519, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Rivier JE, Brown MR: Bombesin, bombesin analogues and related peptides: effects on thermoregulation. Biochemistry 17: 1766, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Roth KA, Evans CJ, Weber E, Barchas JD, Bostwick DG, Bensch KG: Gastrin-releasing peptide-related peptides in a human malignant lung carcinoid tumor. Cancer Res 43: 5411, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Roth KA, Weber E, Barchas JD: Distribution of gastrin releasing peptide-bombesin-like immunostaining in rat brain. Brain Res 251: 277, 1982

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Rozengurt E: Early signals in the mitogenic response. Science 234: 161, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Rozengurt E, Sinnett-Smith J: Bombesin stimulation of DNA synthesis and cell division in cultures of Swiss 3T3 cells. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 80: 2936, 1983

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Ruff M, Schiffmann E, Terranova V, Pert CB: Neuropeptides are chemoattractants for human tumor cells and monocytes: a possible mechanism for metastasis. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 37: 387, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Said JW, Vimadalal S, Nash G, Shintaku IP, Heusser RC, Sassoon AF, Lloyd RV: Immunoreactive neuron-specific enolase, bombesin, and chromogranin as markers for neuroendocrine lung tumors. Hum Pathol 16: 236, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Sausville EA, Lebacq-Verheyden AM, Spindel ER, Cuttita F, Gazdar AF, Battey JF: Expression of the gastrin-releasing peptide gene in human small cell lung cancer. J Biol Chem 261: 2451, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Scemama JL, Zahidi A, Fourmy D, Fagot-Revurat P, Vaysse N, Pradayrol L, Ribet A: Interaction of [1251]-Tyr-4-bombesin with specific receptors on normal human pancreatic membranes. Regul Pept 13: 125, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Schultzberg M: Bombesin-like immunoreactivity in sympathetic ganglia. Neuroendocrinology 2: 363, 1983

    Google Scholar 

  141. Schultzberg M, Dalsgaard C-J: Enteric origin of bombesin immunoreactive fibres in the rat coeliac-superior mesenteric ganglion. Brain Res 269: 190, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Sikri KL, Varndell IM, Hamid QA, Wilson BS, Kameya T, Ponder BA, Lloyd RV, Bloom SR, Polak JM: Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. An immunocytochemical and histochemical study of 25 cases using 8 separate markers. Cancer 56: 2481, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Sorensen GD, Bloom SR, Ghatei MA, Del Prete SA, Cate CC, Pettingiii OS: Bombesin production by small cell carcinoma of the lung. Regul Pept 4: 59, 1982

    Google Scholar 

  144. Spindel ER: Mammalian bombesin-like peptides. Trends Neurosci 9: 130, 1986

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Spindel ER, Chin WW, Price J, Rees LH, Besser GM, Habener JF: Cloning and characterization of cDNAs encoding gastrinreleasing peptide. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 81: 5699, 1984

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Spindel ER, Chin WW, Price J, Rees LH, Besser GM, Habener JF: Cloning and characterization of cDNAs encoding gastrin-releasing peptide. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 81: 5699, 1984

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Spindel ER, Sunday ME, Hofler H, Wolfe HJ, Habener JF, Chin WW: Transient elevation of mRNAs encoding gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), a putative pulmonary growth factor, in human fetal lung. J Clin Invest 80: 1172, 1987

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Spindel ER, Zilberberg MD, Chin WW: Analysis of the gene and multiple mRNAs encoding human gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP): alternate RNA splicing occurs in neural and endocrine tissue. Molec Endo 1: 224, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  149. Spindel ER, Zilberberg MD, Habener JF, Chin WW: Two prohormones for gastrin-releasing peptide are encoded by two mRNAs differing by 19 bases. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 83: 19, 1986

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Springall DR, Hamid Q, Ghatei MA, Bhatnagar M, Ibrahim NBN, Cuttitta F, Bloom SR, Polak JM: Expression of C-flanking peptide of human pro-bombesin in pulmonary endocrine cells and their tumors (abstr). Regul Pept 19: 139, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  151. Springall DR, Ibrahim NBN, Rode J, Sharpe MS, Bloom SR, Polak JM: Endocrine differentiation of extra-pulmonary small cell carcinoma demonstrated by immunohistochemistry using antibodies to PGP 9.5, neuron-specific enolase and the C-flanking peptide of human pro-bombesin. J Pathol 150: 151, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Stahlman MT, Jones M, Gray ME, Kasselberg AG, Vaughn WK: Ontogeny of neuroendocrine cells in human fetal lung. III. An electron microscopic immunohistochemical study. Lab Invest 56: 629, 1987

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Stahlman MT, Kasselberg AG, Orth DN, Gray ME: Ontogeny of neuroendocrine cells in human fetal lung: II. An immunohistochemical study. Lab Invest 52: 52, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Stjernquist M, Ekblad E, Owman C, Sundler F: Neuronal localization and motor effects of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) in rat uterus. Regul Pept 13: 197, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Stjernquist M, Ekblad E, Owman C, Sundler F: Neuronal localization and motor effects of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) in rat uterus. Regul Pept 13: 197, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Sunday ME, Wolfe HJ, Roos BA, Chin WW, Spindel ER: Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) gene expression in developing, hyperplastic, and neoplastic human thyroidal C-cells. Endocrinology 122: 1551, 1988

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. Suzuki M, Yamaguchi K, Abe K, Adachi N, Nagasaki K, Asanuma F, Adachi I, Kimura S, Terada M, Taya Y, Matsuzaki J, Keizaburo M: Detection of gastrin-releasing peptide mRNA in small cell lung carcinomas and medullary thyroid carcinomas using synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes. Jpn J Clin Oncol 17: 157, 1987

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. Swope SL, Schonbrunn A: Bombesin stimulates insulin secretion by a pancreatic islet cell line. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 81: 1822, 1984

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Swope SL, Schonbrunn A: Characterization of ligand binding and processing by bombesin receptors in an insulin-secreting cell line. Biochem J 247: 731, 1987

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Tache Y, Brown M: On the role of bombesin in homeostasis. Trends Neurosci 5: 431, 1982

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. Tache Y, Ishikawa T, Gunion M, Reybould E: Bombesin: central nervous system action to inhibit gastric secretion (abstr). Regul Pept 19: 140, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  162. Tamai S, Kameya T, Yamaguchi K, Yanai N, Abe K, Yanaihara N, Yamazaki H, Kageyama K; Peripheral lung carcinoid tumor producing predominantly gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP). Cancer 52: 273, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. Track NS, Cutz E: Bombesin-like immunoreactivity in developing human lung. Life Sei 30: 1553, 1982

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. Tsutsumi Y, Osamura RY, Watanabe K, Yanaihara N: Immunohistochemical studies on gastrin-releasing peptide-and adrenocorticotropic hormone-containing cells in the human lung. Lab Invest 48: 623, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. Tsutsumi Y, Osamura RY, Watanabe K, Yanaihara N: Simultaneous immunohistochemical localization of gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) and calcitonin (CT) in human bronchial endocrine-type cells. Virchows Arch [A] 400: 163, 1983

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. Ulisse S, Gnessi L, Fabbri A, Jannini EA, Moretti C, Bonifacio V, Di Luca Sidizzi A, Fraioli F, Isidori, A: Bombesin-like immu-noreactivity in human seminal fluid (abstr). Regul Pept 19: 143, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  167. Vaillant C, Bu’Lock A, Dimaline R, Dockray GJ: Distribution and development of peptidergic nerves and gut endocrine cells in mice with congenital aganglionic colon, and their normal littermates. Gastroenterol 82: 291, 1982

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. Varner AA, Modlin IM, Walsh JH: High Potency of bombesin for stimulation of human gastrin release and gastric acid secretion. Regul Pept 1: 289, 1981

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. Vigna SR, Giraud A, Soil AH, Walsh JH, Mantyh PW: Characterization of bombesin receptors on canine antral gastrin cells (abstr). Regul Pept 19: 144, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  170. Vigna SR, Mantyh CR, Giraud AS, Soil AH, Walsh JH, Mantyh PW: Localization of specific binding sites for bombesin in the canine gastrointestinal tract. Gastroenterology 93: 1287, 1987

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. Villarreal JA, Brown MR: Bombesin-like peptide in hypothalamus: chemical and immunological characterization. Life Sei 23: 2729, 1978

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. Wakelam MJO, Davies SA, Houslay MD, McKay I, Marshall CJ, Hall A: Normal p21N-ras couples bombesin and other growth factor receptors to inositol phosphate production. Nature 323: 173, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  173. Walsh JH: Role of gastric bombesin-like peptides and related gene products in gastric secretory function (abstr). Regul Pept 19: 143, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  174. Walsh JH, Wong HC, Dockray GJ: Bombesin-like peptides in mammals. Fed Proc 38: 2315, 1979

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. Watanabe H, Kobayashi H, Honma K, Ohnishi Y, Iwafuchi M: Diffuse panbronchiolitis with multiple tumorlets. A quantitative study of the Kultschitzky cells and the clusters. Acta Pathol Jpn 35: 1221, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  176. Weber S, Zuckerman JE, Bostwick DG, Bensch KG, Sikic BI, Raffin TA: Gastrin-releasing peptide in a selective mitogen for small cell lung carcinoma in vitro. J Clin Invest 75: 306, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  177. Wechbanjong N, McMillan PJ, Dalgleish AE: Influence of development on the number of calcitonin-containing cells in the mouse thyroid. Am J Anat 154: 477, 1979

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. Welton ML, Mantyh CR, Gates TS, Popper P, Vigna SR, Maggio JE, Passaro E, Mantyh PW: Localization of bombesin receptors in human gastrointestinal tract using quantitative receptor autoradiography (abstr). Regul Pept 19: 144, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  179. Werner H, Amarant T, Fridkin M, Koch Y: Growth hormone releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in human milk. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 135: 1084, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  180. Westendorf JM, Schonbrunn A: Bombesin stimulates prolactin and growth hormone release by pituitary cells in culture. Endocrinology 110: 352, 1982

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  181. Westendorf JM, Schonbrunn A: Characterization of bombesin receptors in a rat pituitary cell line. J Biol Chem 258: 7527, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. Wharton J, Polak JM, Bloom SR, Ghatei MA, Solcia E, Brown MR, Pearse AGE: Bombesin-like immunoreactivity in the lung. Nature 273: 769, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  183. Wick MR, Millns JL, Sibley RK, Pittelkow MR, Winkelmann RK: Secondary neuroendocrine carcinomas of the skin. An immunohistochemical comparison with primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin (“Merkel cell” carcinoma). J Am Acad Dermatol 13: 134, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. Wiedermann CJ, Goldman ME, Plutchok JJ, Sertl K, Kaliner MA, Johnston-Early A, Cohen MA: Bombesin in human and guinea pig alveolar macrophages. J Immunol 137: 3928, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  185. Willey JC, Lechner JF, Harris CC: Bombesin and the C-terminal tetradecapeptide of gastrin-releasing peptide are growth factors for normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Exp Cell Res 153: 245, 1984

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  186. Wolfe HJ, DeLellis RA, Voelkel EF, Tashjian AH Jr.: Distribution of calcitonin-containing cells in the normal neonatal human thyroid gland: a correlation of morphology with peptide content. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 41: 1076, 1975

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  187. Wood SM, Wood JR, Ghatei MA, Sorenson GD, Bloom SR: Is bombesin a tumour marker for small-cell carcinoma? Lancet 1: 690, 1982

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  188. Yachnis AT, Crawley JN, Robert JT, McGrane MM, Moody TW: The antagonism of bombesin in the CNS by substance P analogues. Life Sci 35: 1963, 1984

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  189. Yamaguchi K, Abe K, Adachi I, Suzuki M, Kimura S, Kameya T, Yanaihara N: Concomitant production of immunoreactive gas-trin-releasing peptide and calcitonin in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. Metabolism 33: 724, 1984

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  190. Yanaihara N, Yanaihara C, Mochizuki T, Iwahara K, Fujita T, Iwanaga T: Immunoreactive GRP. Peptides 2: 185, 1981

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  191. Zachery I, Rozengurt E: Identification of a receptor for peptides of the bombesin family in Swiss 3T3 cells by affinity cross-linking. J Biol Chem 262: 3947, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  192. Zahavi I, Kelly J, Gall DG: Role of gastrin and cholecystokinin in the ontogenic development of the gastrointestinal tract. Biol Neonate 45: 97, 1984

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. Zarbin MA, Kuhar MJ, O’Donohue TL, Wolf SS, Moody TW: Autoradiographic localization of (125-I-Tyr4)bombesin-binding sites in rat brain. J Neurosci 5: 429, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  194. Zwiebel JA, Bano M, Nexo E, Salomon DS, Kidwell WR: Partial purification of transforming growth factors from human milk. Cancer Res 46: 933, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, USA

    Mary E. Sunday M.D., Ph.D., Lee M. Kaplan, Etsuro Motoyama, William W. Chin & Eliot R. Spindel

  2. Departments of Anesthesiology and Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, USA

    Mary E. Sunday M.D., Ph.D., Lee M. Kaplan, Etsuro Motoyama, William W. Chin & Eliot R. Spindel

  3. Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA

    Mary E. Sunday M.D., Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Mary E. Sunday M.D., Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lee M. Kaplan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Etsuro Motoyama
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. William W. Chin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Eliot R. Spindel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Emanuel Rubin MD (Gonzalo Aponte Professor and Chairman) & Ivan Damjanov MD (Professor) (Gonzalo Aponte Professor and Chairman) &  (Professor)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1989 Humana Press · Clifton, New Jersey

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Sunday, M.E., Kaplan, L.M., Motoyama, E., Chin, W.W., Spindel, E.R. (1989). Gastrin-Releasing Peptide (Mammalian Bombesin) Gene Expression in Health and Disease. In: Rubin, E., Damjanov, I. (eds) Pathology Reviews · 1989. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4502-5_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4502-5_4

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8849-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-4502-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation