Abstract
The nature of learning disabilities,1 their diagnosis, and treatment have been well described for school-aged children (Alley & Deshler, 1979; Reid & Hresko, 1981). Recently, growing evidence has demonstrated that children do not outgrow their learning disabilities as they reach adulthood (Blalock, 1981; Faford & Haubrich, 1981; White, et al., 1983). An estimated 7 to 10% of the adult population have learning problems such that reading, written and spoken language, attention, memory, and/ or organization are deficient (Buchanan & Wolf, 1986; Kronick, 1985). Often having experienced years of repeated failure, they also present as individuals with low self-esteem, who lack appropriate problem-solving skills as well as adequate social skills (Blalock, 1981). Adults with learning disabilities, who are of normal intelligence, experience difficulties that not only continue to interfere with their academic pursuits (Fravenheim, 1978; Hartzell & Compton, 1984) but affect their employability (Brown, 1984) and their social development (Hartzell & Compton, 1984). Longitudinal and follow-up studies of students who experienced learning difficulties in school indicate that as adults, this group is disproportionately represented in low job classifications and that they tend to be less satisfied with their jobs than are their normally achieving peers (Howell, 1986; Lehtinen & Dumas, 1976).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alley, G. R., & Deshler, D. D. (1979). Teaching the learning disabled adolescent: Strategies and methods. Denver: Love Publishing Ltd.
Barr, P., & Samuels, M. (1988). Dynamic assessment of cognitive and affective factors contributing to learning difficulties with adults. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 19(1), 6–13.
Blalock, J. W. (1981). Persistent problems and concerns of young adults with learning disabilities. In W. Cruikshank & A. Silver (Eds.), Bridges to tomorrow—The best of ACLD (Vol. 2, pp. 35–55). Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
Brown, D. (1984). Employment considerations for learning disabled adults. Journal of Rehabilitation, 50, 74–77, 88.
Buchanan, M., & Wolf, J. (1986). A comprehensive study of learning disabled adults. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 14, 404–407.
Crimando, W. (1984). A review of placement-related issues for clients with learning disabilities. Journal of Rehabilitation, 50, 78–81.
Delclos, V. (1983). Differential error analysis in the group administration of the Representational Stencil Design Test. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Vanderbilt University.
Faford, M., & Haubrich, P. (1981). Vocational and social adjustment of learning disabled young adults: A follow-up study. Learning Disability Quarterly, 4, 122–130.
Feuerstein, R. (1980). Instrumental Enrichment. Baltimore: University Park Press.
Feuerstein, R., Miller, R., Rand, Y., & Jensen, M. R. (1981). Can evolving techniques better measure cognitive change? Journal of Special Education, 15(2), 201–219.
Feuerstein, R., Haywood, H. C., Rand, Y., Hoffman, M., & Jensen, M. R. (1986). Learning Potential Assessment Device Manual, experimental version. Jerusalem: Hadassah-Wizo Canada Research Institute.
Feuerstein, R., Rand, Y., & Hoffman, M. B. (1979). The dynamic assessment of retarded performers. Baltimore: University Park Press.
Fravenheim, J. (1978). Academic achievement characteristic of adult males who were diagnosed as dyslexic in childhood. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 11, 476–483.
Ginsburg, H. (1972). The myth of the deprived child. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Hartzell, H., & Compton, C. (1984). Learning disability: 10 year follow-up. Pediatrics, 74, 1058–1064.
Haywood, H. C. (1977). Alternatives to normative assessment. In P. Mittler (Ed.), Research to practice in mental retardation: Education and training (Vol. 2, pp. 11–18). Baltimore: University Park Press.
Hershenson, D. (1984). Vocational counselling with learning disabled adults. Journal of Rehabilitation, 50, 40–44.
Howell, K. W. (1986). Direct assessment of academic performance. School Psychology Review, 15(3), 324–335.
Johns, J. L. (1981). Advanced reading inventory: Grade seven through college. Dubuque, IA: Wm. C. Brown.
Johns, J. L. (1985). Basic reading inventory: Pre-primer-grade eight. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt.
Keane, K. (1983). Application of mediated learning theory to a deaf population: A study in cognitive modifiability. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Columbia University, New York.
Keane, K. (1987). Assessing deaf children. In C. S. Lidz, (Ed.), Dynamic assessment (pp. 360–376). New York: Guilford.
Kronick, D. (1985). Learning disabilities—vocational and employment implications. Canadian Association for Children and Adults with Learning Disabilities National News, 22(4), 6–8.
Lefcourt, H. (1976). Locus of control: Current trends in theory and research. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Lehtinen, L., & Dumas, L. (1976). A follow-up study of learning disabled children as adults: A final report. Evanston, II: Cove School Research Office.
Lidz, C. S. (1987). Dynamic assessment: An interactional approach to evaluating learning potential. New York: Guilford.
Menai, C., & Haywood, H. C. Cognitive-developmental psychotherapy: A case study. Unpublished manuscript, Vanderbilt University, Nashville.
Missiuna, C., & Samuels, M. (1988). Dynamic assessment: Review and Critique, Special Services in the Schools, 5(12), 1–22.
Newell, B. H., Goyette, C. H., & Fogarty, T. W. (1984). Diagnosis and assessment of the adult with specific learning disabilities. Journal of Rehabilitation, 50, 34–39.
Patton, J., & Polloway, E. (1982). Learning disabilities: The adult years. Topics in Learning and Learning Disabilities, 2, 79–88.
Piaget, J. (1958). The growth of logical thinking from childhood to adolescence (A. Parsons & S. Seagrin, Trans.). New York: Basic Books.
Raven, J. C. (1965). Guide to using the coloured progressive matrices: Sets A, AB, and B. London: Lewis.
Reid, K., & Hresko, W. P. (1981). A cognitive approach to learning disabilities. New York: McGraw Hill.
Salvia, J., & Ysseldyke, J. (1978). Assessment in special and remedial education. Dallas: Houghton Mifflin.
Samuels, M. T., Tzuriel, D., & Malloy-Miller, T. (1989). Dynamic assessment of children with learning disabilities. In R. I. Brown & M. Chazan (Eds.), Learning Difficulties and Emotional Problems. Calgary: Detselig Press, 147–164.
Scarr, S. (1981). Testing for children: Assessment and the many determinants of intellectual competence. American Psychologist, 36(10), 1159–1166.
Short, R. H., & Mueller, H. H. (1985). Analysis and meta-analysis of the WISC-R. Alberta Psychology, 14, 5–7.
Siegel, S. (1957). Nonparametric statistics for the behavioral sciences. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Tzuriel, D., Samuels, M., & Feuerstein, R. (1988). Nonintellective factors in dynamic assessment. In R. M. Gupta & P. Coxhead (Eds.), Cultural diversity and learning efficiency (pp. 141–163). London: Macmillan.
Waksman, M., Silverman, H., & Weber, K. (1983). Assessing the learning potential of penitentiary inmates: An application of Feuerstein’s Learning Potential Assessment Device. Journal of Correctional Education, 34(2), 63–69.
Ysseldyke, J., & Algozzine, R. (1982). Critical issues in special and remedial education. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Samuels, M.T., Lamb, C.H., Oberholtzer, L. (1992). Dynamic Assessment of Adults with Learning Difficulties. In: Haywood, H.C., Tzuriel, D. (eds) Interactive Assessment. Disorders of Human Learning, Behavior, and Communication. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4392-2_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4392-2_11
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8753-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-4392-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive