Abstract
Unlike many other specialists, gynecologists are in a unique position to affect the health of their patients before a clinical disease takes hold. Approximately 60% of all office visits to general obstetricians/gynecologists are for the purpose of preventive medicine, and 80% of women see their obstetricians/gynecologists regularly for routine examination. One reason for this is that women are introduced to the medical field at a much earlier age than men due to either childbearing or the need for contraception. In addition, women are generally more aware of their bodies than most men.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Papanicolaou GN. New Cancer Diagnosis. Proceedings Third Race Betterment Conference. Battle Creek, Mich: Race Betterment Foundation; 1928:528–534.
Babes A. Diagnostique du cancer uterin par les frottis. Presse Med. 1928;36:451–454.
Papanicolaou GN, Traut HF. The diagnostic value of vaginal smears in carcinoma of the uterus. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1941;42:193–206.
Ayre JE. Selective cytology smear for diagnosis of cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1947;53:609–617.
Preventive and screening services. In: Precis III, An Update in Obstetrics and Gynecology. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; 1986:51–55.
Cochrane AL, Holland WW. Validation of screening procedures. Br Med Bull. 1971;27:38.
Campion MJ, Reid R: Screening for gynecologic cancer. Obstet Gynecol Clin of N Am. 1990;17:695–727.
Van Der Graaf Y, Vooijs GP, Gaillard HLJ, et al. Screening errors in cervical cytology screening. Acta Cytol. 1987;31:434–438.
Fetherston WC. False-negative cytology in invasive cancer of the cervix. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1983;26: 929–937.
Richard RM, Vaillant HW. Influence of cell collection techniques upon cytological diagnosis. Cancer. 1965;18:1474.
Garite TJ, Feldman MJ. An evaluation of cytologic sampling techniques: a comparative study. Acta Cytol. 1978:22–83.
Taylor, PT, Andersen WA, Barker SR, et al. The screening Papanicolaou smear: contribution of the endocervical brush. Obstet Gynecol. 1987:70–734.
Walton RJ, Blanchet M, Boyes DA, et al. Cervical cancer screening programs (Department of National Health and Welfare Task Force Report). Can Med Assoc J. 1976;114:1003.
Celentano DD, Klassen AC, Weisman CS, Rosenshein NB. Duration of relative protection of screening for cervical cancer. Prey Med. 1989;18:411.
Boyes DA, Worth AJ, Anderson GH. Experience with cervical screening in British Columbia. Gynecol Oncol. 1981;12:143–155.
IARC Working Group on Evaluation of Cervical Cancer Screening Programs. Screening for squamous cervical cancer: Duration of low risk after negative results of cervical cytology and its implications for screening policies. Br Med J. 1986;293:659–664.
Clark EA, Anderson JW. Does screening by “Pap” smear help prevent cervical cancer? a case-control study. Lancet. 1979;2:1–4.
Paganini-Hill A, Ross RK. Reliability of recall of drug usage and other health-related information. Am J Epidemiol. 1982;16:114–122.
Principles of diagnosis. In: Gusberg SB, Shingleton HM, Deppe G, eds. Female Genital Cancer. New York: Churchill-Livingstone; 1988:197–221.
Richart, RM. Screening techniques for cervical neoplasia. Clinical Obstet Gynecol. 1979;22:701–712.
National Cancer Institute Workshop. The 1988 Bethesda system for reporting cervical/vaginal cytologic diagnosis. JAMA. 1989;262:931.
Herbst AL. The Bethesda system for cervical/vaginal cytologic diagnosis. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1992;35:22–27.
Kutman RJ, Malkasian GD, Soldis A, Solomon D. From Papanicolaou to Bethesda: the rationale for a new cytologic classification. Obstet Gynecol. 1991;77:779.
American Cancer Society. Cancer statistics 1991. CA. 1991;41:1.
The Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer. In: Sciarra JJ, Lurain JR, eds. Gynecology and Obstetrics. Vol. 4, rev. ed. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott; 1991: chap. 13, 1–10.
Zucker PK, Kasdon EJ, Feldstein ML. The validity of Pap smear parameters as predictors of endometrial pathology in menopausal women. Cancer. 1986;58:2258–2263.
Ny ABP, Reagan J, Hawliczek CT, Wentz BW. Significance of endometrial cells in the detection of endometrial carcinoma and its precursors. Acta Cytol. 1974;18:356–361.
Yancey M, Magelssen D, Demaurez A, Lee R. Classification of endometrial cells on cervical cytology. Obstet Gynecol. 1990;76:1000.
An-Foraker SH, Kawada CY, McKinney D. Endometrial aspiration studies on Isaacs cell sampler with cytohistologic correlation. Acta Cytol. 1979;23:303–308.
Koss LG, Schreiber K, Oberlander SG, Moussouris HF, Lesser M. Detection of endometrial carcinoma and hyperplasia in asymptomatic women. Obstet Gynecol. 1984;64:1–11.
Hofmeister FJ. Endometrial biopsy: another look. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1974;118:773.
Chambers JT, Chambers SK. Endometrial sampling: when? where? why? with what? Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1992;35:28–39.
Kaunitz AM, Masciello A, Ostrowski M, Rovira EZ. Comparison of endometrial biopsy with the endometrial pippelle and vabra aspirator. J Reprod Med. 1988;38:427.
Loffer FD. Hysteroscopy with selective en dometrial sampling compared with D&C for abnormal uterine bleeding: the value of a negative hysteroscopic view. Obstet Gynecol. 1989;73:16.
Gimpelson R, Rappold H. A comparative study between panoramic hysterescopy with directed biopsies and dilatation and curettage. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1988;158:489.
Carlson JA, Arger P, Thompson S, Carlson EJ. Clinical and pathologic correlation of endometrial cavity fluid detected by ultrasound in the postmenopausal patient. Obstet Gynecol. 1991;77:119.
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. In: Berek JS, Hacker NF, eds. Practical Gynecologic Oncology. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; 1989:327–364.
Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. In: DiSaia PJ, Creasman WT, eds. Clinical Gynecologic Oncology. 3rd ed. St. Louis: C.V. Mosby; 1989:325–416.
Bast RC, Feeney M, et al. Reactivity of a monoclonal antibody with human ovarian carcinoma. J Clin Invest. 1981;68:1331.
Bast RC, Klug TL, et al. A radioimmunoassay using a monoclonal antibody to monitor the course of epithelial ovarian cancer. NEJM. 1983;309:883.
Kabawat SE, Bast RC, Welsh WR, et al. Immunopathologic characterization of a monoclonal antibody that recognizes common surface antigens of human ovarian tumors of serous, endometrioid and clear cell types. Am J Clin Pathol. 1983;79:98.
Schwartz PE. Interpretation of CA-125 values. In: Early Diagnosis and Monitoring of Ovarian Cancer. Woodbridge, NJ: Advise and Consent, Inc;1990:7–9.
Curry SL. Early diagnosis and management of a postmenopausal woman with an adnexal mass. In: Early Diagnosis and Monitoring of Ovarian Cancer. Woodbridge, NJ: Advise and Consent, Inc; 1990:3–5.
Cambell S, Bhan V, Royston P, Whitehead MI, Collins WP. Transabdominal ultrasound screening for early ovarian cancer. Br Med J. 1989;299:1363.
Fleischer AC: Transabdominal and transvaginal sonography of ovarian masses. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1991;34:433.
Herrmann UJ, Locher GW, Goldhirsch A. Sonographic patterns of ovarian tumors: prediction of malignancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1987;69:777.
Higgins RV, van Nagell JR, Donaldson ES, et al. Transvaginal sonography as a screening method for ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 1989;34:402.
DePriest PD, van Nagell JR. Transvaginal ultrasound screening for ovarian cancer. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1992;35/1:40.
van Nagell JR, dePriest PD, Puls LE, et al. Ovarian cancer screening in asymptomatic postmenopausal women by transvaginal sonography. Cancer. 1991;68:458.
Rodriguez MH, Platt LD, Medearis AL, et al. The use of transvaginal sonography for evaluation of postmenopausal ovarian size and morphology. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1988;159:810.
Sassone AM, Timor-Tritsch IE, Artner A, et al. Transvaginal sonographic characterization of ovarian disease: evaluation of a new scoring system to predict ovarian malignancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1991;78:70.
Orr JW. Evaluation and monitoring of patients at risk of ovarian cancer. In: Early Diagnosis and Monitoring of Ovarian Cancer. Wood-bridge, NJ: Advise and Consent; 1990:17–20.
Baker LH, Chin TDY, Wagner KV. Progress in screening for early breast cancer. J Surg Oncol. 1985;30:96.
Tabar L, Gad A, Holmbery LH, et al. Reduction in mortality from breast cancer after mass screening with mammography. Lancet.1985:829.
Strax P: Results of mass screening for breast cancer in 50,000 examinations. Cancer. 1976;37:30.
Verbeek ALM, Holland R, Sturmans F, et al. Reduction of breast cancer mortality through mass screening with modern mammography. Lancet. 1984:1272.
O’Malley MS, Fletcher SW. Screening for breast cancer with breast self-examination. JAMA. 1987;257:2197.
Winchester DP, Bernstein JR, Paige ML, Christ ML. The Early Detection and Diagnosis of Breast Cancer. American Cancer Society Monograph, 1988.
Gilbertson VA. The earlier detection of breast cancer. Seminar Oncol. 1974;1:87.
Winchester DP, Senor S, Immerman S, et al. A systematic approach to the evaluation and management of breast masses. Cancer. 1983;51:2535.
Russo J, Frederick J, Ownby HE, et al. Predictors of recurrence and survival of patients with breast cancer. Oncol J Club. 1988;1:2.
Baker L: Breast cancer detection demonstration project: five year summary report. CA.1982;32:194.
Moskowitz M. Screening for breast cancer: how effective are our tests? CA. 1983;33:76.
Cooper RA. Mammography. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1989;32/4:768.
Fox SA, Klos DS, Tsou CV. Underuse of screening mammography by family physicians. Radiology. 1988;166:431.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1993 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Atamdede, F.I., Atamdede, J.W. (1993). Gynecologic Health Care Screening. In: Knaus, J.V., Isaacs, J.H. (eds) Office Gynecology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4340-3_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4340-3_1
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8740-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-4340-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive