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Three-Dimensional In Vitro Assay of Endothelial Cell Invasion and Capillary Tube Morphogenesis

  • Chapter
Vascular Morphogenesis: In Vivo, In Vitro, In Mente

Part of the book series: Cardiovascular Molecular Morphogenesis ((CARDMM))

Abstract

The establishment and maintenance of a vascular supply is an absolute requirement for the growth of normal and neoplastic tissues and, as might be expected, the cardiovascular system is the first organ system to develop and to become functional during embryogenesis. Both during development and in postnatal life, all blood vessel begin as simple endothelial-lined capillaries. Although some remain as capillaries, many of these newly-formed vessels develop into larger vessels through the concentric addition of smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. Capillary blood vessels are formed by two processes: (a) vasculogenesis, in which a primary capillary plexus is formed from endothelial cells which differentiate in situ from mesodermal precursors, and (b) angiogenesis, the formation of new capillary blood vessels by a process of sprouting from preexisting vessels (Risau et al., 1988; Pardenaud et al., 1989). While both processes are required for formation of the vascular system during embryonic development, neovascularization which occurs in postnatal life is attributed to angiogenesis. In adult tissues, capillary proliferation is tightly controlled, and occurs in female reproductive organs (e.g., in the corpus luteum and regenerating endometrium), in the placenta and mammary gland during pregnancy, during exercise-induced muscle hypertrophy, in the wound healing process and in response to tissue hypoxia associated with vessel occlusion. Angiogenesis may however be detrimental to the organism. This occurs in pathological conditions such as proliferative retinopathy and juvenile hemangioma. Angiogenesis is also necessary for the continued growth of solid tumors, and allows for the hematogenous dissemination of tumor cells and the formation of metastases (reviewed by Folkman and Shing, 1992; Rak et al., 1993; Fidler and Ellis, 1994; Folkman, 1995a).

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  1. Département de Morphologie, Université de Genève, rue Michel-Servet, 1, 1211, Genève 4, Switzerland

    Roberto Montesano (Faculté de Médecine) & Michael S. Pepper (Faculté de Médecine)

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  1. Roberto Montesano
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  1. Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, 29425-2204, Charleston, SC, USA

    Charles D. Little  & Vladimir Mironov  & 

  2. Department of Biological Structures, University of Washington School of Medicine, 98195-7420, Seattle, WA, USA

    E. Helene Sage

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Montesano, R., Pepper, M.S. (1996). Three-Dimensional In Vitro Assay of Endothelial Cell Invasion and Capillary Tube Morphogenesis. In: Little, C.D., Mironov, V., Sage, E.H. (eds) Vascular Morphogenesis: In Vivo, In Vitro, In Mente. Cardiovascular Molecular Morphogenesis. Birkhäuser Boston. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4156-0_8

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