Abstract
Approximately 1% of children are born with a congenital heart disease, often in combination with abnormal vascular patterning and vessel wall anomalies (Hoffman, 1995). This shows that the development of heart and blood vessels is a critical event during embryonic and fetal life. From transgenic mice with a lethal phenotype, about 50% die of cardiovascular maldevelopment in utero (Copp, 1995). Development of diagnostic techniques as echo Doppler ultrasound and nuclear magnetic resonance has greatly aided clinical examination of vascular anomalies. Interpretation of morphological data, however, is facilitated if possible variations and abnormalities of the vascular system are placed into the broader context of normal development. Moreover, knowledge on in vivo cardiovascular development is necessary to understand the pathogenesis of the cardiovascular system and the role of specific gene products in the numerous transgenic animals produced by the molecular biologist.
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DeRuiter, M.C., Poelmann, R.E., Gittenberger-de Groot, A.C. (1996). Methodology for the Study of Vascular Morphogenesis In Vivo. In: Little, C.D., Mironov, V., Sage, E.H. (eds) Vascular Morphogenesis: In Vivo, In Vitro, In Mente. Cardiovascular Molecular Morphogenesis. Birkhäuser Boston. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4156-0_5
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