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Chemical Induction of Cancer pp 23–49Cite as

Synergism and Antagonism Between Chemical Carcinogens

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Abstract

Modern analytical methods have shown that the human environment is a source of ubiquitous exposure to low levels of naturally occurring and synthetic chemical carcinogens, which act either sequentially or simultaneously. This complex scenario has not adequately been modeled by routine testing for carcinogenicity in which relatively high doses of single agents have been used predominantly to establish the relative risk that chemical compounds may represent. This approach has been questioned for two reasons:

  1. A.

    The multitude of chemical risk factors in carcinogenesis and their almost infinite number of possible interactive combinations have long been the major obstacle in handling this problem adequately and have led researchers rather to investigate monocausal relationships. However, the increment of cancer risk due to exposure to combinations of mixtures of even low levels of individual carcinogens may be much higher than expected. Consequently, the identification of consistent patterns of interactions between specific types of chemicals is of utmost importance for realistic hazard assessment, for regulation of chemicals, and for public health policy (1).

  2. B.

    Recently it has been hypothesized that the “maximum tolerated dose” (or comparably high dose) generally used in bioassays may stimulate cell proliferation which, by itself, can lead to the development of cancer from previously initiated, but dormant cells; thus, this approach may result in the overestimation of potential cancer hazard (2).

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Authors
  1. Martin R. Berger
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 20460, USA

    Joseph C. Arcos , Mary F. Argus  & Yin-tak Woo ,  & 

  2. Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA

    Joseph C. Arcos  & Mary F. Argus  & 

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© 1995 Birkhäuser Boston

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Berger, M.R. (1995). Synergism and Antagonism Between Chemical Carcinogens. In: Arcos, J.C., Argus, M.F., Woo, Yt. (eds) Chemical Induction of Cancer. Birkhäuser Boston. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4076-1_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4076-1_2

  • Publisher Name: Birkhäuser Boston

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8640-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-4076-1

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