Abstract
Microscopic and macroscopic irregularities are present in all practical solid surfaces. Surface roughness is a measure of the microscopic irregularity, whereas the macroscopic errors of form include flatness deviations, waviness and, for cylindrical surfaces, out-of-roundness. Two solid surfaces apparently in contact, therefore, touch each other only at a few individual spots (Fig. 1.1). Even at relatively high contact pressures of the order of 10 MPa, the actual area of contact for most metallic surfaces is only about 1 to 2% of the nominal contact area (see, e.g., Bowden and Tabor, 1950). Since the heat flow lines are constrained to flow through the sparsely spaced actual contact spots, there exists an additional resistance to heat flow at a joint. This resistance manifests itself as a sudden temperature drop at the interface.
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Madhusudana, C.V. (1996). Introduction. In: Thermal Contact Conductance. Mechanical Engineering Series. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3978-9_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3978-9_1
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