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Megakaryocyte Biology

  • Chapter
Thrombopoiesis and Thrombopoietins

Abstract

Megakaryocytes are giant, polyploid cells of the hemopoietic tissues, whose final differentiation step culminates in the subdivision and release of their cytoplasm into the circulation as platelets. The earliest recognizable megakaryocyte in Romanovsky-stained marrow smears is a large basophilic cell with a high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio and plasma membrane blebbing. As the cells mature, the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio decreases as the amount of cytoplasm dramatically increases and becomes acidophilic, with abundant cytoplasmic granules, while the nucleus becomes lobulated and the chromatin condenses. Megakaryocytes are readily distinguished from osteoclasts, the other large cells in the marrow, by their nuclear morphology; megakaryocytes usually have only one large, lobulated nucleus, whereas osteoclasts contain several small nuclei. Megakaryocytes differentiate from a committed progenitor, which, by definition, has restricted differentiation capabilities. This committed progenitor is derived from a pluripotential hemopoietic precursor. A bipotential progenitor intermediate between the pluripotential and committed precursor with capacity to differentiate along either the megakaryocyte or erythroid pathways is suggested by some studies (1,2). A scheme for megakaryocyte differentiation is presented in Fig. 1.

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Authors
  1. Carl W. Jackson
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  2. Julie T. Arnold
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  3. Tamara I. Pestina
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  4. Paula E. Stenberg
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. The MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    David J. Kuter MD, DPhil

  2. Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA

    Pamela Hunt PhD  & William Sheridan MD  & 

  3. Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA

    William Sheridan MD

  4. Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA

    Dorothea Zucker-Franklin MD

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Jackson, C.W., Arnold, J.T., Pestina, T.I., Stenberg, P.E. (1997). Megakaryocyte Biology. In: Kuter, D.J., Hunt, P., Sheridan, W., Zucker-Franklin, D. (eds) Thrombopoiesis and Thrombopoietins. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3958-1_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3958-1_1

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