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Growth Hormone

Normal Physiology

  • Chapter
Diseases of the Pituitary

Part of the book series: Contemporary Endocrinology ((COE,volume 3))

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Abstract

Growth hormone (GH) is an anabolic growth promoting hormone that is synthesized, stored, and secreted by somatotroph cells of the anterior pituitary gland. In addition to GH, some somatotrophs also produce prolactin and the glycoprotein alpha-subunit. Somatotrophs comprise approximately 35–50% of human anterior pituitary cells and are distributed throughout the gland, with a possible preponderance in the lateral portions. The human anterior pituitary contains 5–15 mg of GH (1). Both somatotrophs and prolactin producing lactotrophs are acidophilic on standard H&E staining. Somatotrophs can be specifically identified by a number of techniques, including immunohistochemical staining for GH, in situ hybridization, and by characteristic features on electron microscopy examination. Electron microscopy reveals several subsets of somatotrophs. Cells of the predominant subset contain abundant, large (500 nm or greater) secretory granules and a lesser number of small granules (200 nm or less), whereas cells of the minority subset are sparsely granulated (2).

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Authors
  1. Ian M. Chapman MBBS, PhD
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  2. Michael O. Thorner MB, DSc
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, USA

    Margaret E. Wierman MD

  2. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA

    Margaret E. Wierman MD

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Chapman, I.M., Thorner, M.O. (1997). Growth Hormone. In: Wierman, M.E. (eds) Diseases of the Pituitary. Contemporary Endocrinology, vol 3. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3954-3_5

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