Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology ((RECT,volume 106))

  • 171 Accesses

Abstract

Tetrachloroethylene is also known as PCE, perchloroethylene, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylene, and Perc. It is used as a solvent for many organic substances, in dry cleaning processes, as a metal degreaser, as an intermediate in the synthesis of certain fluorocarbons, and in the textile industry (Fuller 1976). For the structure and properties of tetrachloroethylene, see Table 1.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Amoore JE, Hautala E (1983) Odor as an aid to chemical safety. J Appi Toxicol 3:272–290.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson EL (1983) Draft memo to Frederic A. Eidsness, Jr., entitled ‘Latest Cancer Risk Rate Estimates.’ March 22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brancaccio A, Mazza V, DiPaolo R (1971) Renal function in experimental tetrachloroethylene poisoning. Folia Med (Naples) 54:233–237.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buben JA, O’Flaherty E (1985) Delineation of the role of metabolism in the hepatotoxicity of trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene: a dose-effect study. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 78:105–122.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter CP (1937) The chronic toxicity of tetrachloroethylene. J Ind Hyg Toxicol 19:323–326.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter CP, Smyth HF, Pozzani UC (1949) The assay of acute vapor toxicity and the grading and interpretation of results on 96 chemical compounds. J Ind Hyg Toxicol 31:343–346.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Daniel JW (1963) The metabolism of 36Cl-labelled trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene in the rat. Biochem Pharmacol 12:795–802.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dobbs RA, Cohen JM (1980) Carbon adsorption isotherms for toxic organics. Report no. EPA-600/8–80-023a, USEPA Office of Research and Development (ORD), Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory (MERL), Wastewater Treatment Division, Cincinnati, OH.

    Google Scholar 

  • ESE (1985) Environmental Science and Engineering. Draft technologies and costs for the removal of volatile organic chemicals from potable water supplies. No. 84–912–0300. Prepared for USEPA Science and Technology Branch, Criteria and Standards Division (CSD), Office of Drinking Water (ODW), Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez J, Guberan E, Caperos J (1976) Experimental human exposures to tetrachloroethylene vapor and elimination in breath after inhalation. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 37:143–150.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fernando PB, D’Silva M, Stork GKB, Sinnatamby GR (1939) Tetrachloroethylene in the treatment of hookworm disease, with special reference to toxicity. Indian J Med Res 26:759–783.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friberg L, Kylin B, Nystrom A (1953) Toxicities of trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene and Fujiwara’s pyridine-alkali reaction. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 9:303- 312.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fujii T (1975) The variation in the liver function of rabbits after administration of chlorinated hydrocarbons. Jap J Ind Hlth 17:81–88.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fuller BB (1976) Air pollution assessment of tetrachloroethylene. Report no. MTR-7143, EPA contract no. 68–02-1495. Mitre Corporation, McLean, VA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hake CL, Stewart RD (1977) Human exposure to tetrachloroethylene: inhalation and skin contact. Environ Hlth Perspect 21:231–238.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ikeda M, Ohtsuji H (1972) A comparative study of the excretion of Fujiwara reaction positive substances in urine of humans and rodents given trichloro- or tetrachloro derivatives of ethane and ethylene. Brit J Ind Med 29:99–104.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ikeda M, Imamura T (1973) Biological half-life of trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene in human subjects. Int Arch Arbeitsmed 31:209–224.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ikeda M, Imamura T (1977) Metabolism of trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene in human subjects. Environ Hlth Perspect 21:239–245.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ikeda M, Ohtsuji H, Imamura T, Komoike Y (1972) Urinary excretion of total trichloro compounds, trichloroethanol and trichloroacetic acid as a measure of exposure to trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene. Brit J Ind Med 29:328–333.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • IARC (1979) International Agency for Research of Cancer. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk of chemicals to man. Some monomer, plastic and synthetic elastomes and acrolein. 19:377–401. IARC, Lyon, France.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kavanaugh MC, Trussell RR (1980) Design of aeration towers to strip volatile contaminants from drinking water. J Am Waterworks Assoc 72(12): 684–692.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kendrick JF (1929) The treatment of hookworm disease with tetrachloroethylene. Am J Trop Med 9:483–488.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klaassen CD, Plaa GL (1966) Relative effects of various chlorinated hydrocarbons on liver and kidney function in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 9:139–151.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kylin B, Reichard H, Sumegi I, Yllner S (1963) Hepatotoxicity of inhaled trichloroethy- lene, tetrachloroethylene and chloroform. Single exposure. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 20:16–26.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kylin B, Sumegi I, Yllner S (1965) Hepatotoxicity of inhaled trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene. Long-term exposure. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 22:379–385.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Love OT Jr, Eilers RG (1982) Treatment of drinking water containing trichloroethylene and related industrial solvents. J Am Waterworks Assoc 74:413–425.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mazza V (1972) Enzymatic changes in experimental tetrachloroethylene poisoning. Folia Med 55(9–10): 373–381.

    Google Scholar 

  • MCConnell G, Ferguson DM, Pearson CR (1975) Chlorinated hydrocarbons and the environment. Endeavor 34:13–18.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monster AC (1979) Difference in uptake, elimination, and metabolism in exposure to trichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and tetrachloroethylene. Int Arch Occup Environ Hlth 42:311–317.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monster AC, Boersma G, Steenweg H (1979) Kinetics of tetrachloroethylene in volunteers: influence of exposure concentration and work load. Int Arch Occup Environ Hlth 42:303–309.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monster AC, Houtkooper JM (1979) Estimation of individual uptake of trichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and tetrachloroethylene from biological parameters. Int Arch Occup Environ Hlth 42:319–323.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • NAS (1977) National Academy of Sciences. Drinking water and health, Vol 1. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • NAS (1980) National Academy of Sciences. Drinking water and health, Vol 3. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • NCI (1977) National Cancer Institute. Bioassay of tetrachloroethylene for possible carcinogenicity. Publication no. NIH 77–813 U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare (DHEW), Public Health Service (PHS), National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute. NTISb PB-272 950. NTIS, Springfield, VA.

    Google Scholar 

  • NTP (1983) National Toxicology Program. Bioassay of tetrachloroethylene in female B6C3F1 mice. Draft. NTP, Research Triangle Park, NC.

    Google Scholar 

  • NTP (1985) National Toxicology Program. NTP technical report on the toxicology and carcinogenesis studies on tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene). NTP, Research Triangle Park, NC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogata M, Takatsuka Y, Tomokuni K, Muroi K (1971) Excretion of organic chlorine compounds in the urine of persons exposed to vapors of trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene. Brit J Ind Med 28:386–391.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ogata M, Tomokuni K, Watanabe S (1968) ATP and lipid contents in the liver of mice after inhalation of chlorinated hydrocarbons. Ind Hlth 6:116–119.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parsons F, Wood PR, DeMarco J (1984) Transformation of tetrachloroethene and tri- chloroethene in microcosms and ground water. J Am Waterworks Assoc 26(2):56f.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowe VK, MCCollister DD, Spencer HC, Adams EM, Irish DD (1952) Vapor toxicity of tetrachloroethylene for laboratory animals and human subjects. Am Med Assoc Ind Hyg Occup Med 5:566–579.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Savolainen H, Pfaffli P, Tengen M, Vainio H (1977) Biochemical and behavioral effects of inhalation exposure to tetrachloroethylene and dichloromethane. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 36(6):941–949.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schumann AM, Quast JF, Watanabe PG (1980) The pharmacokinetics and macromolecu- lar interactions of perchloroethylene in mice and rats as related to oncogenicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 55:207–219.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwetz BA, Leong BKJ, Gehring PJ (1975) The effect of maternally inhaled trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, methyl chloroform, and methylene chloride on embryonal and fetal development in mice and rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 32: 84–96.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smyth HF Jr, Weil CS, West JS, Carpenter CP (1969) An exploration of joint toxic action: twenty-seven industrial chemicals intubated in rats in all possible pairs. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 14:340–347.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart RD, Barretta ED, Dodd HC, Torkelson TR (1970) Experimental human exposure to tetrachloroethylene. Arch Environ Hlth 20:224–229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stewart RD, Hake CL, Forster HV, Lebrun AJ, Peterson JF, Wu A (1974) Tetrachloroethylene: development of a biologic standard for the industrial worker by breath analysis. Report no. NIOSH-MCOW-ENUM-PCE-74–6, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Torkelson, TR, Rowe VK (1981) Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons. In: Industrial hygiene and toxicology. 3rd Ed. Vol 2B. John Wiley and Sons, NY. p 3561.

    Google Scholar 

  • USEPA a (1979) Water related environmental fate of 129 priority pollutants. Report no. EPA-440/4–79-029. USEPA Office of Water Planning and Standards, Washington, DC. December.

    Google Scholar 

  • USEPA a (1983) Tetrachloroethylene occurrence in drinking water, food, and air. USEPA Office of Drinking Water (ODW), Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • USEPA a (1985a) Health effects criteria document for tetrachloroethylene. USEPA Criteria and Standards Division (CSD), Office of Drinking Water (ODW), Washington, DC. April.

    Google Scholar 

  • USEPA a (1985b) Method 502.1. Volatile halogenated organic compounds in water by purge and trap gas chromatography. USEPA Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory (EMSL), Cincinnati, OH.

    Google Scholar 

  • USEPA a (1985c) Method 524.1. Volatile organic compounds in water by purge and trap gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. USEPA Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory (EMSL), Cincinnati, OH.

    Google Scholar 

  • USEPA a (1986) Guidelines for carcinogen risk assessment. Fed Regis 51(185):3392–34003. September 24.

    Google Scholar 

  • USEPAa (1986) Addendum to the health assessment document for tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene). External Review Draft. USEPA Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC. April.

    Google Scholar 

  • USEPAa (1987a) PCE; Occurrence in food, water and air. Office of Drinking Water, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • USEPAa (1987b) Science Advisory Board’s Environmental Health Committee, haloge- nated organics subcommittee report. Memo from N. Nelson and R. A. Griesemer to Lee M. Thomas. January 27.

    Google Scholar 

  • USITC (1983) U.S. International Trade Commission. Synthetic organic chemicals, United States production, 1983. USITC publication 1422. Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verschueren K (1977) Handbook of environmental data on organic chemicals. 2nd Ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, NY. pp 580–582.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogel T, McCarty P (1985) Biotransformation of tetrachloroethylene to trichloroethylene, dichloroethylene, vinyl chloride, and carbon dioxide under methanogenic conditions. Appl Environ Microbiol 49(5): 1080–1083.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wenzel DG, Gibson RD (1951) A study of the toxicity and anthelminthic activity of n- butylidene chloride. J Pharm Pharmacol 3:169–176.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WHO (1984) World Health Organization. Guidelines for drinking water quality. Vol I. ISBN 9241541687. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Windholz M, Budavari S, Blumetti RF, Otterbein ES (eds) (1983) The Merck Index-an encyclopedia of chemicals and drugs. 10th Ed. Merck and Co Inc, Rahway, NJ. p 1315.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ware, G.W. (1988). Tetrachloroethylene. In: Ware, G.W. (eds) Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol 106. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3922-2_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3922-2_16

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8402-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-3922-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics