Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Gove PB (1981) Webster’s Third International Dictionary of the English Language Unabridged. Merriam Co, Springfield MA.
Aristoteles of Stagira: On the generation of animals. Translated by Peck AL (1963) London, Cambridge MA.
Leonardo da Vinci, Quaderni di Anatomia. Cited by Castiglioni A (1948) Storia della Medicina Vol 1. Mondadori, Milano, p 363.
Medici M (1836) Manuale di Fisiologia. Tesi e Wambergher, Livorno, p 534.
Ward WK, Johnston CLW, Beard JC, Benedetti TG, Halter JB, Porte D Jr (1985) Insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion in subjects with histories of gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 34: 861 – 869.
Toyoda N, Murata K, Sugiyama Y (1985) Insulin binding, glucose oxidation and methylglucose transport in isolated adipocytes from pregnant rats near term. Endocrinology 116: 998 – 1002.
Lerario AC, Wajchenberg BL, El-Andere W, Ohnuma LY, Monaci J, San- kowsky M, Toledo E, Souza IT, Germek O (1985) Sequential studies of glucose tolerance and red blood cell insulin receptors in normal human pregnancy. Diabetes 34: 780 – 786.
Hjøllund E, Pedersen O, Espersen T, Klebe JG (1986) Impaired insulin receptor binding and postbinding defects of adipocytes from normal and diabetic pregnant women. Diabetes 35: 598 – 603.
Fiser RH Jr (1976) Glucose homeostasis during the perinatal period. In: New MI, Fiser RH Jr (eds) Diabetes and Other Disorders During Pregnancy and in the Newborn. Liss, New York, pp 33 – 50.
Baxter-Grillo D, Blázquez E, Grillo TAI, Sodoyez J-C, Sodoyez-Goffaux F, Foa PP (1981) Functional development of the pancreatic islets. In: Cooperstein SJ, Watkins D (eds) The Islets of Langerhans. Biochemistry, Physiology, and Pathology. Academic Press, New York, pp 35 – 49.
Ktorza A, Bihorean MT, Nurjhan N, Picon L, Girard J (1985) Insulin and glucagon during the perinatal period: secretion and metabolic effects on the liver. Biol Neonate 48: 204 – 220.
Bernard C (1859) Recherches sur l’origine de la glycogénie dans la vie embryonnaire; nouvelle fonction du placenta. Compt Rend Séances Soc Biol (Paris) Kseries 3 ): 101 – 107.
Grillo TAI, Shima K (1966) Insulin content and enzyme histochemistry of the human fetal pancreatic islet. J Endocrinol 36: 151 – 158.
Rastogi GK, Letarte J, Fraser TR (1970) Immunoreactive insulin content of 103 pancreases from foetuses of healthy mothers. Diabetologia 6: 445 – 446.
Wirdnam PK, Milner RDG (1981) Quantitation of the B and A cell fractions in human pancreas from early fetal life to puberty. Early Hum Dev 5: 299 – 309.
Stefan Y, Grasso S, Perrelet A, Orci L (1983) A quantitative immunofluorescent study of the endocrine cell populations in the developing human pancreas. Diabetes 32: 293 – 301.
Milner RDG, Leach FN, Jack PMB (1975) Reactivity of the fetal islet. In: Sutherland HW, Stowers JM (eds) Carbohydrate Metabolism in Pregnancy and the Newborn. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 83 – 104.
Kawazu S, Kanazawa Y, Hayashi M, Ikeuchi M, Nakai T, Kosaka K (1980) Monolayer culture of human fetal and adult pancreas. Static and dynamic studies of insulin release in vitro. Horm Metab Res 12: 354 – 360.
Andersson A, Grill V, Asplund K, Berne C, Agran A, Hellerstrom C (1975) Functional maturation of the pancreatic B cell. In: Camerini-Davalos RA, Cole HS (eds) Early Diabetes in Early Life. Academic Press, New York, pp 49 – 56.
Rahier J, Wallon J, Henquin J-C, (1981) Cell populations in the endocrine pancreas of human neonates and infants. Diabetologia 20: 540 – 546.
Goldman H, Wong I, Patel YC (1982) Study of the structural and biochemical development of human fetal Islets of Langerhans. Diabetes 31: 897 – 902.
Clark A, Grant AM (1983) Quantitative morphology of endocrine cells in human fetal pancreas. Diabetologia 25: 31 – 35.
Grasso S, Palumbo G, Messina A, Mazzone D, Rutano G (1975) Human maternal and fetal serum insulin and growth hormone response to glucose and leucine. In: Camerini-Dávalos RA, Cole MS (eds) Early Diabetes in Early Life. Academic Press, New York, pp 537 – 540.
Sodoyez-Goffaux F, Sodoyez J-C (1976) Effects of intermittent hyperglycemia in pregnant rats on the functional development of the pancreatic B cells of their offspring. Diabetologia 12: 73 – 76.
Sodoyez-Goffaux F, Sodoyez J-C, Devos CJ (1979) Insulin secretion and metabolism during the perinatal period in the rat. Evidence for a placental role in fetal hyperinsulinism. J Clin Invest 63:1095–1102.
Oliven A, King KC, Kalhan SC (1986) Gastrointestinal enhanced insulin release in response to glucose in newborn infants. J. Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 5: 220 – –225.
Lambert AE, Orci L, Renold AE (1970) Some factors controlling diffentiation and/or modulation of rat pancreatic islet cells. In: Camerini-Dávalos RA, Cole HS (eds) Early Diabetes. Academic Press, New York, pp 35 – 43.
Lucas A (1986) Breastfeeding and gut hormones. In: Filer LJ Jr, Fomon SJ (eds) The Breastfed Infant: A Model of Performance. 91st Ross Conf Ped Res, Ross Laboratories, Columbus OH, pp 73 – 87.
Blázquez E, Simon FA, Blazques M, Foà PP (1974) Changes in serum growth hormone levels from fetal to adult age in the rat. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 147: 780 – 783.
Ashton IK, Zapf J, Einschenk TJ, MacKenzie IZ (1985) Insulin-like growth factors (IGF) 1 and 2 in human fetal plasma and relationship to gestational age and fetal size during midpregnancy. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 110: 558 – 563.
Bennett A, Wilson DM, Lin F, Nagashima R, Rosenfeld RG, Hintz RL (1983) Levels of insulin-like growth factors I and II in human cord blood. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 57: 609 – 612.
Lin K-S, Wang C-Y, Mills N, Gyves M, Ilan J (1985) Insulin-related genes expressed in human placenta from normal and diabetic pregnancies. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 3868 – 3870.
Underwood LE, D’Ercole AJ (1984) Insulin and insulin-like growth factors/ somatomedins in fetal and neonatal development. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 13: 69 – 89.
Chernausek SD, Chatelain PG, Svoboda ME, Underwood LE, Van Wyk JJ (1985) Efficient purification of somatomedin C/insulin-like growth factor I using immunoaffinity chromatography. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 126: 282 – 288.
Hill DJ, Milner RDG (1985) Insulin as a growth factor. Pediatr Res 19: 879 – 886.
Sheppard MS, Bala RM (1986) Profile of serum immunoreactive insulin-like growth factor I during gestation in Wistar rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 64: 521 – 524.
Fant M, Munro H, Moses AC (1986) An autocrine/paracrine role for insulinlike growth factors in the regulations of human placental growth. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 63: 499 – 505.
Freemark M, Comer M, Handwergen S (1986) Placental lactogen and GH receptors in sheep liver: striking differences in ontogeny and function. Am J Physiol 251. E328 – E333.
Blázquez E, Rubalcava B, Montesano R, Orci L, Unger RH (1976) Development of insulin and glucagon binding and the adenylate cyclase response in liver membranes of the prenatal, postnatal and adult rat: evidence of glucagon “resistance”. Endocrinology 98: 1014 – 1023.
Thorsson AV, Hintz RL (1977) Insulin receptors in the newborn. Increase in receptor affinity and number. N Engl J Med 297: 908 – 912.
Kappy MS, Plotnick LP, Milley JR, Rosenberg A, Molteni RA, Jones MD Jr,Simmons MA (1981) Ontogeny of erythrocyte insulin binding in the sheep. Endocrinology 109: 611 – 617.
Vinicor F, Kiedrowski L (1982) Characterization of the hepatic receptor for insulin in the perinatal rat. Endocrinology 110: 782 – 790.
Ganguli S, Sinha M, Sperling MA (1984) Ontogeny of insulin and glucagon receptors and the adenylate cyclase system in guinea pig liver. Pediatr Res 18: 558 – 565.
Morriss FH Jr, Tuchman C, Crandell SS, Riddle LM, Fitzgerald BJ, West MS (1986) Ontogeny of ovine fetal liver and kidney plasma membrane insulin receptors and fetal growth. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 181: 24 – 32.
Unterman T, Goewert RR, Baumann G, Freinkel N (1986) Insulin receptors in embryo and extra-embryonic membranes of early somite rat conceptus. Diabetes 35: 1193 – 1199.
Greengard O (1975) Enzymatic differentiation during hepatic development. In: Camerini-Dávalos RA, Cole HS (eds) Early Diabetes in Early Life. Academic Press, New York pp 9 – 14.
Shelley HJ, Bassett JM, Milner RDG (1975) Control of carbohydrate metabolism in the fetus and newborn. Br Med Bull 31: 37 – 43.
Cuezva JM, Valcarce C, Medina JM (1985) Substrates availability for maintenance of energy homeostasis in the immediate postnatal period of the fasted newborn rat. In: Jonas CT, Nathanielsz PW (eds) The Physiological Development of the Fetus and Newborn. Academic Press, New York pp 63 – 69.
Räiha NCR (1979) Hormonal regulation of perinatal enzyme differentiation in the mammalian liver. In: Elliott K, O’Connor M (eds) Pregnancy Metabolism, Diabetes and the Fetus. Ciba Found Symp 63, Excerpta Med, Amsterdam pp 137 – 160.
Ruiz-Bravo N, Ernest MJ (1985) Multihormonal control of tyrosine aminotransferase activity in developing rat liver. Endocrinology 116: 2489 – 2496.
Denne SC, Kalhan SC (1986) Glucose carbon recycling and oxidation in human newborns. Am J Physiol 251: E71 - E77.
Helman AM, Giraud P, Nicolaidis S, Oliver C, Assan R (1983) Glucagon release after stimulation of the lateral hypothalamic area in rats: predominant 0-ad- renergic transmission and involvement of endorphin pathways. Endocrinology 113: 1 - 6.
Stark RI, Wardlaw SL, Daniel SS (1986) Characterization of plasma β-en- dorphin immunoreactivity in the fetal lamb: effects of gestational age and hypoxia. Endocrinology 119: 755 – 761.
Blazquez E, Lipshaw LA, Blázquez M, Foa PP (1975) The synthesis and release of insulin in fetal, nursing and young adult rats: studies in vivo and in vitro. Pediatr Res 9: 17 – 25.
Begum N, Tepperman HM, Tepperman J (1985) Insulin-induced internalization and replacement of insulin receptors in adipocytes of rats adapted to fat feeding. Diabetes 34: 1272 – 1277.
Schwartz R, Susa J (1980) Fetal macrosomia. Animal models. Diabetes Care 3: 430 – 432.
Freinkel N, Lewis NJ, Johnson R, Swenne R, Bone A, Hellerstrom C (1984) Differential effects of age versus glycemic stimulation on the maturation of insulin stimulus-secretion coupling during culture of fetal rat islet. Diabetes 33: 1028 – 1038.
Russell G, Dawodu AK, Shennan AT (1984) Glucose homeostasis in the heavy- for-date neonate. In: Sutherland HW, Stowers JM (eds) Carbohydrate Metabolism in Pregnancy and the Newborn. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 150 – 151.
Cella SG, Locatelli V, de Gennaro V, Puggioni R, Pintor C, Müller EE (1985) Human pancreatic growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone stimulates GH synthesis and release in infant rats. An in vivo study. Endocrinology 116: 574 – 577.
Domenech M, Gruppuso PA, Susa JB, Schwartz T (1985) Induction in utero of hepatic glucose 6-phosphatase by fetal hypoinsulinemia. Biol Neonate 47: 92 – 98.
Szabo AJ, Szabo O (1974) Placental free-fatty-acid transfer and fetal adipose tissue development: an explanation of fetal adiposity in infants of diabetic mothers. Lancet 11: 498 – 499.
Freinkel N (1980) The Banting Lecture 1980: Of pregnancy and progeny. Diabetes 29: 1023 – 1035.
Metzger BE, Phelps RL, Freinkel N, Navikas IA (1980) Effects of gestational diabetes on diurnal profiles of plasma glucose, lipids, and individual amino acids. Diabetes Care 3: 402 – 409.
Freinkel N, Dooley SL, Metzger BE (1985) Care of the pregnant woman with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 313: 96 – 101.
Freinkel N, Metzger BE, Phelps RL, Simpson JL, Martin AO, Radvany R, Ober C, Dooley SL, Depp RO, Belton A (1986) Gestational diabetes mellitus: a syndrome with phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity. Horm Metab Res 18: 427 – 430.
Heding LG, Persson B, Stangenberg M (1980) B-cell function in newborn infants of diabetic mothers. Diabetologia 19: 427 – 432.
Tallarigo L, Giampietro O, Penno G, Miccoli R, Gregori G, Navalesi R (1986) Relation of glucose tolerance to complications of pregnancy in nondiabetic women. N Engl J Med 315: 984 – 992.
Philipps AF, Rosenkrantz TS, Grunnet ML, Connolly ME, Porte PJ, Raye JR (1986) Effects of fetal insulin secretory deficiency on metabolism in fetal lamb. Diabetes 35: 964 – 972.
Freinkel N, Metzger BE (1979) Pregnancy as a tissue culture experience: the critical implications of maternal metabolism for fetal development. In: Elliott K, O’Connor M (eds) Pregnancy Metabolism, Diabetes and the Fetus. Ciba Found Symp 63, Excerpta Med, Amsterdam pp 3 – 28.
Pedersen J (1952) Diabetes and Pregnancy. Blood Sugar of Newborn Infants. A thesis. Danish Science Press, Copenhagen.
Pedersen J (1967) The pregnant diabetic and her newborn. Problems and management. Munksgaard, Copenhagen, pp 219.
Dubrueil G, Anderodias J (1920) Ilôts de Langerhans géants chez un nouveauné issu de mère glycosurique. Compt Rend Séances Soc Biol (Paris) 83: 1490 – 1493.
Van Assche FA (1975) The fetal endocrine pancreas. In: Sutherland HW, Stowers JM (eds) Carbohydrate Metabolism in Pregnancy and the Newborn. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 68 – 82.
Milner RDG, Wirdnam, PK, Tsanakas Y (1981) Quantitative morphology of B, A, D and PP cells in infants of diabetic mothers. Diabetes 30: 271 – 274.
v Dorsche HH, Reiher H, Hahn H-J (1984) Quantitativ-histolgische Unter- suchugen des fetalen menschlichen Pankreas von stoffwechselgesunden Frauen und insulinabhängingen Diabetikerinnen. Acta Anat 118: 139 – 143.
Hill DE (1979) Effect of insulin on fetal growth. In: Merkatz IR, Adam PAJ (eds) The Diabetic Pregnancy. A Perinatal Perspective. Grune & Stratton, New York, pp 155 – 165.
Heding LG, Persson B, Stangenberg M (1980) B-cell function in newborn infants of diabetic mothers. Diabetologia 19: 427 – 432.
Reiher H, Fuhrmann K, Noack S, Besch W, Hahn H-J (1984) The in vitro insulin secretion of human fetal pancreatic slices from diabetic and non-diabetic women. A methodical study. Exp Clin Endocrinol 83: 110 – 112.
Freinkel N, Metzger BE, Phelps RL, Dooley SL, Ogata ES, Radvany RM, Belton A (1985) Gestational diabetes mellitus. Heterogeneity of maternal age, weight, insulin secretion, HLA antigen and islet cell antibodies and the impact of maternal metabolism in pancretic B-cell and somatic development in the offspring. Diabetes 34 (suppl 2): 1 – 7.
Shima K, Price S, Foà PP (1966) Serum insulin concentration and birth weight in human infants. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 121: 55 – 59.
Lacy PE, Wright PH (1965) Allergic interstitial pancreatitis in rats injected with guinea pig anti-insulin serum. Diabetes 14: 634 – 642.
Klöppel G, Freytag G, Bommer G (1972) Enzymehistochemical studies on the pancreatic islets in mice injected with anti-insulin serum. Diabetologia 8: 19 – 28.
Roth J, Kahn CR, King GL, Meggesi K (1979) Receptors in infants of diabetic mothers. In: Cornblath M, Kaye R, Little B, Segal S (eds) Workshop on Fetal Development in the Infant of the Diabetic Mother. Juvenile Diabetes Found pp 28 – 40.
Haust MD (1981) Maternal diabetes mellitus. Effects on the fetus and placenta. In: Naeye RL, Kissane JM, Kaufman N (eds) Perinatal Diseases. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 201 – 285.
Phillips LS, Vassilopoulou-Sellin R, Reichard LA (1979) Nutrition and somatomedin. VIII. The “somatomedin inhibitor” in diabetic rat serum is a general inhibitor of growing cartilage. Diabetes 28: 919 – 924.
Sadler TW, Phillips LS, Balkan W, Goldstein S (1986) Somatomedin inhibitors from diabetic rat serum alter growth and development of mouse embryos in culture. Diabetes 35: 861 – 865.
Cornblath M, Pildes RS, Warmer RA (1970) Infants of the diabetic mother. In: Camerini-Dávalos RA, Cole HS (eds): Early Diabetes. Academic Press, New York, pp 241 – 252.
Neufeld ND, Corbo LM (1986) Insulin-receptor development in normal and diabetic pregnancies. Role of membrane fluidity. Diabetes 35: 1020 – 1026.
Gewolb IH, Merdian W, Warshaw JB, Enders AC (1986) Fine structural abnormalities of the placenta in diabetic rats. Diabetes 35: 1254 – 1261.
Heinze E, Brenner R, Nguyen-Thi Ch, Vetter U, Leupold D, Pohlandt F (1986) Skeletal growth in fetal rats. Effects of glucose and amino acids. Diabetes 35: 222 – 227.
Buchanan TA, Schemmer JK, Freinkel N (1986) Embryotoxic effects of brief maternal insulin-hypoglycemia during organogenesis in the rat. J Clin Invest 78: 643 – 649.
Fuhrmann K, Reiher H, v Dorsche HH (1985) Hyperinsulinemia in the fetus of the diabetic mother. Is prevention possible? In: Serano-Rios M, Lefebvre PJ (eds) Diabetes 1985. Excerpta Med, Amsterdam, pp 598 – 603.
Farquhar JW (1969) The infant of the diabetic mother. Postgrad Med J 45: 806 – 811.
Shah MPK, Farquhar JW (1975) Children of diabetic mothers. Subsequent weight. In: Camerini-Dávalos RA, Cole HS (eds), Early Diabetes in Early Life. Academic Press, New York, pp 587 – 593.
Bihoreau MT, Ktorza A, Kinebanyan MF, Picon L (1986) Impaired glucose homeostasis in adult rats from hyperglycemic mothers. Diabetes 35: 979 – 984.
Abbott WGH, Thuillez P, Howard BV, Salans LB, Cushman SW, Reaven GW, Foley JE (1986) Body composition, adipocyte size, free fatty acid concentration and glucose tolerance in children of diabetic pregnancies. Diabetes 35: 1077 – 1080.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1988 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Foà, P.P. (1988). Adaptation of the Fetal Pancreas to Maternal Diabetes. In: Jovanovic, L. (eds) Controversies in Diabetes and Pregnancy. Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol 2. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3792-1_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3792-1_2
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8353-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-3792-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive