Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Kaposi’s Sarcoma

  • Chapter
Skin Cancer

Abstract

In 1872, Moritz Kaposi, a Hungarian dermatology professor in Vienna, first described “idiopathisches multiples pigmentsarkom der haut” (1), which has become known as Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS). The disease that he described displayed brownish-red to bluish-red nodules in the skin, varying in size from that of a pea to that of a hazel nut. Their surface was smooth, their consistency elastic. They tended to enlarge into dome-shaped tumors that regressed as darkly pigmented scarred depressions. Kaposi observed similar lesions of the viscera, especially of the larynx, trachea, stomach, liver, and colon, with patients dying within 2–3 years. Although one tends to view traditional Kaposi’s sarcoma as an indolent, slowly growing cancer, which a patient dies with rather than of, the aggressive course originally noted by Kaposi has become part of the devastation of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), especially among male homosexuals.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Kaposi M: Idiopathisches multiples pigmentsarkom der Haut. Arch Dermatol Syphilol (Prague) 1872; 4:265–273.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Haverkos HW, Drotman DP: Prevalence of Kaposi’s sarcoma among patients with AIDS. N Engl J Med 1985; 312:1518.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. AIDS Weekly Surveillance Report, Centers for Disease Control, October 19, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Laor Y, Schwartz RA: Epidemiologic aspects of American Kaposi’s sarcoma. J Surg Oncol 1979; 12:229–303.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Schwartz RA, Kardashian JF, McNutt SN, Crain WR, Welch KL, Choy SH: Cutaneous angiosarcoma resembling anaplastic Kaposi’s sarcoma in a homosexual man. Cancer 1983; 51:721–726.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Volberding PA: Kaposi’s sarcoma and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Med Clin North Am 1986; 70:665–675.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Bluefarb SM: Kaposi’s Sarcoma. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas, 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Lothe F: Kaposi’s sarcoma in Ugandan Africans. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 1963; 83 (Suppl 161): 1–70.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Serwadda D, Carswell W, Ayuko WO, et al: Further experience with Kaposi’s sarcoma in Uganda. Br J Cancer 1986; 53:497–500.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Phillips JI, Sher R: Kaposi’s sarcoma in different populations in South Africa. S Afr Med J 1987; 71:615–619.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Sengupta SK, Edwards K, Blair A, et al: Childhood Kaposi’s sarcoma in Papua New Guinea. Aust PaediatrJ 1986; 22:301–304.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Klein E, Schwartz RA: Cancer and the skin, in Holland JF, Frei E III (Eds): Cancer Medicine (2nd ed). Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1982, pp 2057–2108.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Templeton AC, Bhana D: Prognosis in Kaposi’s sarcoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 1975; 55:1301–1304.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Brownstein MH, Shapiro L, Skolnik P: Kaposi’s sarcoma in community practice. Arch Dermatol 1973; 107:137–138.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Templeton AC: Kaposi’s sarcoma. Pathol Annu 1981; 16(2):315–336.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Borkovic SP, Schwartz RA: Kaposi’s sarcoma. Am Fam Physician 1982; 26(4): 133–137.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Mitsuyasu RT, Colman MF, Sun NC: Simultaneous occurrence of Hodgkin’s disease and Kaposi’s sarcoma in a patient with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Am J Med 1986; 80:954–958.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Berg JW: The incidence of multiple primary cancers: I. Development of further cancers in patients with lymphomas, leukemias and myeloma. J Natl Cancer Inst 1967; 38:741–752.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Ettinger DS, Humphrey RL, Skinner MD: Kaposi’s sarcoma associated with multiple myeloma. Johns Hopkins Med J 1975; 137:88–90.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Friedman-Birnbaum R, Gilhar A, Carter A: Coexistence of Kaposi’s sarcoma and angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1985; 11:76–79.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Burkes RL, Gal AA, Stewart ML, et al: Simultaneous occurrence of Pneumocystis carínii pneumonia, cytomegalovirus infection, Kaposi’s sarcoma, and B-immunoblastic sarcoma in a homosexual man. J Am Med Assoc 1985; 253:3425–3428.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. DeCock KM, Lucas SB, Gichuyia NR, et al: Kaposi’s sarcoma associated with hairy cell leukaemia. Postgrad Med J 1983; 59:258–259.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Rywlin AM, Rosen L, Cabello B: Coexistence of Castleman’s disease and Kaposi’s sarcoma. Am J Dermatopathol 1983; 5:277–281.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. O’Brien PH, Brasfield RD: Kaposi’s sarcoma. Cancer 1966; 19:1497–1502.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Owor R: Multiple primary malignant tumours in Ugandan Africans. East Afr Med J 1980; 57:692–695.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Finlay AY, Marks R: Familial Kaposi’s sarcoma. Br J Dermatol 1979; 100:323–326.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Hoshaw RA, Schwartz RA: Kaposi’s sarcoma after immunosuppressive therapy with prednisone. Arch Dermatol 1980; 116:1280–1282.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Koranda FC, Dehmel EM, Kahn G, Penn I: Cutaneous complications in immunosuppressed renal homograft recipients. J Am Med Assoc 1974; 229:419–424.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Gange RW, Wilson-Jones E: Kaposi’s sarcoma and immunosuppressive therapy: An appraisal. Clin Exp Dermatol 1978; 3:135–146.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Klepp O, Dahl O, Stenwig JT: Association of Kaposi’s sarcoma and prior immunosuppressive therapy. Cancer h1978; 42:2626–2630.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Greenfield DI, Trinh P, Fulenwider A, Barth WF: Kaposi’s sarcoma in a patient with SLE. J Rheumatol 1986; 13:637–640.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Schulhafer EP, Grossman ME, Fagin G, Bell KE: Steroid-induced Kaposi’s sarcoma in a patient with pre-AIDS. Am J Med 1987; 82:313–317.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Messina M, Segoloni GP, Triolo G, et al: Kaposi’s sarcoma in a renal transplantation patient treated with cyclosporine A. Nephron 1987; 45:154–155.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Snyder RA, Schwartz RA: Telangiectatic Kaposi’s sarcoma: Occurrence in a patient with thymoma and myasthenia gravis receiving long-term immunosuppressive therapy. Arch Dermatol 1982; 118:1020–1021.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Stribling J, Weitzner S, Smith GV: Kaposi’s sarcoma in renal allograft recipients. Cancer 1978; 42:442–446.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Blayney DW, Ito JI, Jensen FC: Spontaneous remission of Kaposi’s sarcoma in a HTLV-III-negative homosexual man. Cancer 1986; 58:1583–1584.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Liautaud B, Pape JW, Deschamps M-M, et al: Kaposi’s sarcoma and AIDS in Haiti (1979–1986). Second International Conference on AIDS Abstracts, 1987, p 21, abstract MP 69.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Whyte BM, Dobson AJ, Gold J, et al: Epidemiology of AIDS in Australia. Second International Conference on AIDS Abstracts, 1987, p 20, abstract MP 64.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Weiss SH, Biggar RJ: The epidemiology of human retrovirus-associated illnesses. Mt Sinai J Med 1986; 53:579–590.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Vittecoq D, May T, Roue RT, et al: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome after travelling in Africa: An epidemiological study in seventeen Caucasian patients. Lancet 1987; 1:612–615.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Landesman SH, Vieira J: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS): A review. Arch Intern Med 1983; 143:2307–2309.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Borkovic SP, Schwartz RA: Kaposi’s sarcoma presenting in a homosexual man-a new and striking phenomenon. Ariz Med 1981; 38:902–904.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Friedman-Kien AE, Laubenstein LJ, Rubinstein P, et al: Disseminated Kaposi’s sarcoma in homosexual men. Ann Intern Med 1982; 96:693–700.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Ammann AJ, Dritz SK, Volberding P, et al: The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-a multidisciplinary enigma. West J Med 1984; 140:66–81.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Drew WL: Is cytomegalovirus a cofactor in the pathogenesis of AIDS and Kaposi’s sarcoma? Mt Sinai Med J 1986; 53:622–626.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Myskowski PL, Kaufman D, Safai B: Epidemic Kaposi’s sarcoma: Initial disease site and survival. Clin Res 1987; 34:417A.

    Google Scholar 

  47. CDC Task Force on Kaposi’s Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infection: Epidemiologic aspects of the current outbreak of Kaposi’s sarcoma and opportunistic infection. N Engl J Med 1982; 306:248–252.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Ciobanu N, Andreeff M, Safai B, et al: Lympho-blastoid neoplasia in a homosexual patient with Kaposi’s sarcoma. Ann Intern Med 1983; 98:151–155.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Buck BE, Scott GB, Valdes-Dapena M, Parks WP: Kaposi’s sarcoma in two infants with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. J Pediatr 1983; 103:911–913.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Warner TFCS, O’Loughlin S: Kaposi’s sarcoma: A byproduct of tumour rejection. Lancet 1975; 2:687–689.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Ruszczak Z, Mayer-Da Silva A, Orfanos, CE: Kaposi’s sarcoma in AIDS. Multicentric angioneo-plasia in early skin lesions. Am J Dermatopathol 1987; 9:388–398.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Dictor MR: Kaposi’s sarcoma: A trifactorial model. Med Hypotheses 1987; 22:429–441.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Robbins E, Cohen N, Contu L, Dausset J: A study of the HLA-D region in patients with classic Kaposi’s sarcoma. Immunogenetics 1986; 24:115–117.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Brambilla L, Boneschi V, Pigatto PD, et al: Histological and immunological features of primary Kaposi’s sarcoma: Evaluation before and after chemotherapy. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1987; 67:211–217.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Scorza Smeraldi R, Fabio G, Lazzarin A, et al: HLA-associated susceptibility to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Italian patients with human-immunodeficiency-virus infection. Lancet 1986; 2:1187–1189.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Melbye M, Kestens L, Biggar RJ, et al: HLA studies of endemic African Kaposi’s sarcoma patients and matched controls: No association with HLA-DR5. Int J Cancer 1987; 39:182–184.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Eales L-J, Nye KE, Parkin JM, et al: Association of different allelic forms of group specific component with susceptibility to and clinical manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Lancet 1987; 1:999–1002.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Delli Bovi P, Basilico C: Isolation of a rearranged human transforming gene following transfection of Kaposi sarcoma DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987; 84:5660–5664.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Mortimer PP: Viral cause of Kaposi’s sarcoma. Lancet 1987; 1:280–281.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Giraldo B, Beth E, Henle W, et al: Antibody patterns to herpesviruses in Kaposi’s sarcoma: II. Serological association of American Kaposi’s sarcoma with cytomegalovirus. Int J Cancer 1978; 22:126–131.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Boldogh I, Beth E, Huang E-S, et al: Kaposi’s sarcoma: IV. Detection of CMV, DNA, CMV RNA and CMNA in tumour biopsies. Int J Cancer 1981; 28:469–474.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Giraldo G, Beth E, Huang E-S: Kaposi’s sarcoma and its relationship to cytomegalovirus (CMV): III. CMV DNA and CMV early antigens in Kaposi’s sarcoma. Int J Cancer 1980; 26:23–29.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Fujii Y, Takayasu S, Yokoyama S, et al: Kaposi’s sarcoma in a Korean living in Japan. Review of cases reported in Japanese literature. J Am Acad Dermatol 1986; 15:76–82.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Hashimoto H, Muller H, Muller F, et al: In situ hybridization analysis of cytomegalovirus lytic infection in Kaposi’s sarcoma associated with AIDS: A study of 14 autopsy cases. Virchows Arch (Path Anat) 1987; 411:441–448.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Ambinder RF, Newman C, Hayward GS, et al: Lack of association of cytomegalovirus with endemic African Kaposi’s sarcoma. J Infect Dis 1987; 156:193–197.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Weiss RA: Retrovirus and human disease. J Clin Pathol 1987; 40:1064–1069.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Henrickson RV, Osborn KG, Madden DL, et al: Epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency in rhesus monkeys. Lancet 1983; 1:388–390.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. London WT, Madden DL, Gravell M, et al: Experimental transmission of simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (SAIDS) and Kaposi’s sarcoma-like skin lesions. Lancet 1983; 2:869–873.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Schwartz RA, Burgess GH, Hoshaw RA: Patch stage Kaposi’s sarcoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 1980; 2:509–512.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Dictor M: Kaposi’s sarcoma: Origin and significance of lymphaticovenous connections. Virchows Arch (Pathol Anat) 1986; 409:23–35.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. De Dobbeleer G, Godfrine S, Andre J, et al: Clinically uninvolved skin in AIDS: Evidence of atypical dermal vessels similar to early lesions observed in Kaposi’s sarcoma. J Cutan Pathol 1987; 14: 154–157.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Cockerell CJ, Whitlow MA, Webster GF, Friedman-Kien AE: Epithelioid angiomatosis: A distinct vascular disorder in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or AIDS-related complex. Lancet 1987; 2:654–656.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. McCarthy WD, Pack GT: Malignant blood vessels tumors. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1950; 91:465–484.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Stewart FW, Treves N: Lymphangiosarcoma in postmastectomy lymphedema. Cancer 1948; 1:64–81.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Hultberg BM: Angiosarcomas in chronically lym-phedematous extremities. Two cases of Stewart-Treves syndrome. Am J Dermatopathol 1987; 9:406–412.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Otis CN, Peschel R, McKhann C, et al: The rapid onset of cutaneous angiosarcoma after radiotherapy for breast carcinoma. Cancer 1986; 57:2130–2134.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Krause KI, Hebert A A, Sanchez RL, Solomon AR Jr: Anterior abdominal wall angiosarcoma in a morbidly obese woman. J Am Acad Dermatol 1986; 15:327–330.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Al-Najjar AA-W, Harrington CI, Slater DN: Angiosarcoma: A complication of varicose leg ulceration. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1986; 66:167–170.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Ohgo N, Hishikawa H, Doi A, Soh Y: A case of hemangioendothelioma (angiosarcoma) complicating gastric carcinoma. Acta Dermatol (Kyoto) 1986; 81:109–116.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Nakamura S, Ensoli B, Salahuddin Z, Gallo R: In vitro produced factors promote the growth of Kaposi’s sarcoma cells. Second International Conference on AIDS Abstracts, 1987, p 15, Abstract MP 32.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Leu HJ, Odermatt B: Multicentric angiosarcoma (Kaposi’s sarcoma). Virchows Arch (Pathol Anat) 1985; 408:29–41.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Guarda LG, Silva EG, Ordonez NG, et al: Factor VIII in Kaposi’s sarcoma. Am J Clin Pathol 1981; 76:197–200.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Nadji M, Morales AR, Ziegles-Weissman J, et al: Kaposi’s sarcoma. Immunohistologic evidence of endothelial origin. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1981; 105:274–275.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Flotte TJ, Hatcher VA, Friedman-Kien AE: Factor VIII-related antigen in Kaposi’s sarcoma in young homosexual men. Arch Dermatol 1984; 120:180–182.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Muksi K, Rosai J: Application of immunoperoxi-dase techniques in surgical pathology. Prog Surg Pathol 1980; 1:15–49.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Muksi K, Rosai J, Burgdorf WHC: Localization of factor VIII related antigen in vascular endothelial cells using an immunoperoxidase method. Am J Surg Pathol 1980; 4:273–276.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Modlin RL, Hofman FM, Kempf RA, et al: Kaposi’s sarcoma in homosexual men: An immuno-histochemical study. J Am Acad Dermatol 1983; 8:620–627.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Ordonez NG, Batsakis JG: Comparison of Ulex europeaeus I lectin and factor VIII-related antigen in vascular lesions. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1984; 108:129–132.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Penneys NS, Kott-Blumenkranz R, Civantos F, Kent J: Von Willebrand factor antigen levels in Kaposi’s sarcoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 1986; 15:1214–1217.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Jones RR, Spaull J, Spry C, Wilson Jones E: Histogenesis of Kaposi’s sarcoma in patients with and without acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). J Clin Pathol 1986; 39:742–749.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Recht B, Nickoloff BJ, Wood GS: A bullous variant of Kaposi’s sarcoma in an elderly female. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1986; 12:1192–1197.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Cox FH, Helwig EB: Kaposi’s sarcoma. Cancer 1959; 12:289–298.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Jaimovich L, Calb I, Kaminsky A: Kaposi’s sarcoma of the conjunctiva. J Am Acad Dermatol 1986; 14:589–592.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Conger K, Sporer A: Kaposi’s sarcoma limited to glans penis. Urology 1985; 26:173–175.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Hall DJ, Burns JC, Goplerud DR: Kaposi’s sarcoma of the vulva: A case report and brief review. Obstet Gynecol 1979; 54:478–483.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Schwartz RA, Brenden LD, Breeden JH, Lambert WC: Indolent lymphadenopathic Kaposi’s sarcoma. J Surg Oncol 1987; 34:243–247.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Kohn SR: A variant of ichthyosis. Arch Dermatol 1976; 112:161.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Young L, Steinman HK: Acquired ichthyosis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and Kaposi’s sarcoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 1987; 16:395–396.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Lozada F, Silverman S Jr, Migliorati CA, et al: Oral manifestations of tumor and opportunistic infections in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): Findings in 53 homosexual men with Kaposi’s sarcoma. Oral Surg 1983; 56:491–494.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Bradin JL Jr: Kaposi’s sarcoma of the rectum. West J Med 1983; 139:109.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Epstein E: Extracutaneous manifestations of Kaposi’s sarcoma-a systemic lymphoblastoma. Calif Med 1957; 87:98–103.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Lemlich G, Schwam L, Lebwohl M: Kaposi’s sarcoma and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Postmortem findings in twenty-four cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 1987; 16:319–235.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Templeton AC: Studies in Kaposi’s sarcoma. Postmortem findings and disease patterns in women. Cancer 1972; 30:854–867.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Anthony CW, Koneman EW: Visceral Kaposi’s sarcoma. Arch Pathol 1960; 70:740–746.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Gorin FA, Bale JF Jr, Halks-Miller M, Schwartz RA: Kaposi’s sarcoma metastatic to the CNS. Arch Neurol 1985; 42:162–165.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Reed WB, Kamath HM, Weiss L: Kaposi’s sarcoma, with emphasis on the internal manifestations. Arch Dermatol 1974; 110:115–118.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Neff R, Kremer S, Voutsinas L, et al: Primary Kaposi’s sarcoma of the ileum presenting as massive rectal bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol 1987; 82:276–277.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Roth JA, Schell S, Panzarino S, Coronato A: Visceral Kaposi’s sarcoma presenting as colitis. Am J Surg Pathol 1978; 75:209–214.

    Google Scholar 

  109. Perrone V, Pergola M, Abate G, et al: Protein-losing enteropathy in a patient with generalized Kaposi’s sarcoma. Cancer 1981; 47:588–591.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Tedeschi CG, Folsom HF, Carnicelli TJ: Visceral Kaposi’s sarcoma. Arch Pathol 1947; 43:335–357.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Mitchell N, Feder IA: Kaposi’s sarcoma with secondary involvement of the jejunum, perforation and peritonitis. Ann Intern Med 1949; 31:324–329.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Coetzee T, Coetzee CGL: Kaposi’s sarcoma-Presentation with intestinal obstruction. S Afr Med J 1967; 41:442–445.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Hamm PG, Judson MA, Aranda CP: Diagnosis of pulmonary Kaposi’s sarcoma with fiberoptic bronchoscopy and endobronchial biopsy. A report of five cases. Cancer 1987; 59:807–810.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Davis SD, Henschke CI, Chamides BK, Westcott JL: Intrathoracic Kaposi’s sarcoma in AIDS patients: Radiographic-pathologic correlations. Radiology 1987; 163:495–500.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Schwartz RA, Volpe JA, Lambert MW, Lambert WC: Kaposi’s sarcoma. Semin Dermatol 1984; 3:303–315.

    Google Scholar 

  116. Mitsuyasu RT: Clinical variants and staging of Kaposi’s sarcoma. Semin Oncol 1987; 14 (Suppl 3): 13–18.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Levy EM, Cottrell M, Kushi LH, et al: Patients with Kaposi’s sarcoma who opt for alternative therapy: Immune and psychological measures. Second International Conference on AIDS Abstracts, 1987, p 15, Abstr MP 31.

    Google Scholar 

  118. Welch K, Finkbeiner W, Alpers CE, et al: Autopsy findings in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. J Am Med Assoc 1984; 252:1152–1159.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Borton LK, Wintroub BU: Disseminated crytococ-cosis presenting as herpetiform lesions in a homosexual man with AIDS. J Am Acad Dermatol 1984; 10:387–139.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Lin RY, Schwartz RA, Lambert WC: Cutaneous-pericardial tuberculous fistula in an immunocompromised host. Int J Dermatol 1986; 25:456–458.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Coulman CU, Greene I, Archibald RWR: Cutaneous pneumocystosis. Ann Intern Med 1987; 106:396–398.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. O’Connell KM: Kaposi’s sarcoma: Histopathological study in 159 cases from Malawi. J Clin Pathol 1977; 30:687–695.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  123. O’Connell KM: Kaposi’s sarcoma in lymph nodes: Histological study of lesions from 16 cases in Malawi. J Clin Pathol 1977; 30:696–703.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  124. Lubin J, Rywlin AM: Lymphoma-like lymph node changes in Kaposi’s sarcoma. Two additional cases. Arch Pathol 1971; 92:338–341.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Mededdu G, Borroni G, Rabbiosi G: Scintigraphic evaluation of Kaposi’s sarcoma. Dermatologica 1978; 156:332–340.

    Google Scholar 

  126. Marquart K-H: Tubuloreticular structures in Kaposi’s sarcoma cells are not an ultrastructural marker for AIDS. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1987; 67:367.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Schenk P: Retrovirus in Kaposi’s sarcoma in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Acta Otolaryngol 1986; 101:295–298.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Abrams DI, Chinn EK, Lewisk BJ, et al: Hematologic manifestations in homosexual men with Kaposi’s sarcoma. Am J Clin Pathol 1984; 81:13–18.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Braun DP, Harris JE: Abnormal monocyte function in patients with Kaposi’s sarcoma. Cancer 1986; 57:1501–1506.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Jeffrey RB Jr, Nyberg DA, Bottles K, et al: Abdominal CT in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Roent 1986; 146:7–13.

    Google Scholar 

  131. Master SP, Taylor JF, Kyalwazi SK, et al: Immunological studies in Kaposi’s sarcoma in Uganda. Br Med J 1970; 1:600–602.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Vadhan-Raj S, Wong G, Gnecco C, et al: Immunological variables as predictors of prognosis in patients with Kaposi’s sarcoma and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Cancer Res 1986; 46:417–425.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Gottlieb MS, Groopman JE, Weinstein WM, et al: The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med 1983; 99:208–220.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Friedman-Kien AE: Disseminated Kaposi’s sarcoma syndrome in young homosexual men. J Am Acad Dermatol 1981; 5:468–471.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Lupton GP, James WD, Redfield RP, et al: Oral hairy leukoplakia. A distinctive marker of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) infection. Arch Dermatol 1987; 123:624–628.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Strutton G, Weedon D: Acro-angiodermatitis. A simulant of Kaposi’s sarcoma. Am J Dermatopathol 1987; 9:85–89.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Weiss SW, Enzinger FM: Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma. A low-grade angiosarcoma resembling a cavernous hemangioma and Kaposi’s sarcoma. Am J Surg Pathol 1986; 10:521–530.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Brehmer-Andersson E, Torssander J, Tengvar M: Extensive hemangiomatosis of the extremities with the same histopathologic pattern as the early lesion of Kaposi’s sarcoma. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1986; 66:449–451.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Uyeda K, Nakayasu K, Takaishi Y, et al: Kaposi’s sarcoma-like granuloma on diaper dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 1973; 107:605–607.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Hamada T: Granuloma interiginosum infantum (granuloma gluteale infantum). Arch Dermatol 1975; 111:1072–1073.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Arias-Stella J, Lieberman PH, Garcia-Caceres U, et al: Verruga peruana mimicking malignant neoplasms. Am J Dermatopathol 1987; 9:279–291.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Fayemi AO, Toker C: Nodal angiomatosis. Arch Pathol 1975; 99:170–172.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Groopman JE: Biology and therapy of epidemic Kaposi’s sarcoma. Cancer 1987; 59:633–637.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Volberding PA: The role of chemotherapy for epidemic Kaposi’s sarcoma. Semin Oncol 1987; 14(Suppl 3):23–26.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Klein E, Schwartz RA, Laor Y, et al: Treatment of Kaposi’s sarcoma with vinblastine. Cancer 1980; 45:427–431.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Couderc LJ, Matheron S, Janier M, et al: Treatment of AIDS-related Kaposi’’s sarcoma (KS/AIDS) by alpha-2-recombinant interferon and bleomycin. Second International Conference on AIDS Abstracts, 1987, p 98, Abstract TP 216.

    Google Scholar 

  147. Shepherd FA, Garvey MB, Evans WK, et al: Combination chemotherapy and interferon in Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) and AIDS. Second International Conference on AIDS Abstracts, 1987, p 99, Abstract TP 224.

    Google Scholar 

  148. El-Akkad S, Bull CA, El-Senoussi MA, et al: Kaposi’s sarcoma and its management by radiotherapy. Arch Dermatol 1986; 122:1396–1399.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Ampil FL: Kaposi’s sarcoma: Report of five cases treated with radiotherapy. J Surg Oncol 1986; 33:259–261.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Nisce LZ, Safai B, Poussin-Rosillo H: Once weekly total and subtotal skin electron beam therapy for Kaposi’s sarcoma. Cancer 1981; 47:640–643.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Volberding P, Feigal DW, Cutler K, Hearst N: Decreasing survival in recently diagnosed AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma. Second International Conference on AIDS Abstracts, 1987, p 172, Abstract THP 56.

    Google Scholar 

  152. Cooper JS, Fried PR: Defining the role of radiation therapy in the management of epidemic Kaposi’s sarcoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1987; 13:35–39.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Wheeland RG, Bailin PL, Norris MJ: Argon laser photocoagulative therapy of Kaposi’s sarcoma: A clinical and histologic evaluation. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1985; 11:1180–1185.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Rotman M, Rogow L, Roussis K: Radioisotope scanning of Kaposi’s sarcoma-a modality for treatment planning. Cancer 1974; 33:58–62.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Lewis B, Abrams D, Ziegler J, et al: Single agent or combination chemotherapy of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1983; 2:C232 (abstr).

    Google Scholar 

  156. Lane HC, Masur H, Kovacs JA, et al: A phase II, placebo-controlled trial of azidothymidine in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients with Kaposi’s sarcoma. Clin Res 1987; 35:480A.

    Google Scholar 

  157. Klein E, Schwartz RA, Case RW, et al: Accessible tumors, in LoBuglio AF (Ed): Clinical Immunotherapy. New York, Marcel Dekker, 1980, pp 31–71.

    Google Scholar 

  158. Cohen HA, Bekierkunst A: Topical treatment of Kaposi’s sarcoma, basal cell carcinoma and solar keratosis with ointment of BCG and cord factor. Dermatologica 1979; 158:117–125.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Krown SE, Real FX, Vadhan-Raj S, et al: Kaposi’s sarcoma and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Treatment with recombinant interferon alpha and analysis of prognostic factors. Cancer 1986; 57:1662–1665.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Taylor J, Afrasiabi R, Fahey JL, et al: Prognostically significant classification of immune changes in AIDS with Kaposi’s sarcoma. Blood 1986; 67:666–671.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. Fauci AS, Rosenberg SA, Sherwin SA, et al: Immunomodulators in clinical medicine. Ann Intern Med 1987; 106:421–433.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. Volberding PA, Mitsuyasu RT, Golando JP, Spiegel RJ: Treatment of Kaposi’s sarcoma with interferon alpha-2b (Intron®A). Cancer 1987; 59:620–625.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. Fahey JL, Taylor JMG, Korns E, Nishanian P: Diagnostic and prognostic factors in AIDS. Mt Sinai Med J 1986; 53:657–663.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. Zisbrod Z, Haimov M, Schanzer H, et al: Kaposi’s sarcoma after kidney transplantation. Report of complete remission of cutaneous and visceral involvement. Transplantation 1980; 30:383–384.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Robert A. Schwartz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Schwartz, R.A. (1988). Kaposi’s Sarcoma. In: Skin Cancer. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3790-7_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3790-7_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8352-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-3790-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation