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Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

  • Chapter
Molecular Biology of Chromosome Function

Abstract

The year this volume is published marks the 30th anniversary of the first paper on DNA-dependent RNA polymerase [1]. Considering the development of the field since then, it comes as a surprise that this first paper describes an enzymatic activity of mammalian rather than bacterial origin. In the decade to follow, however, the RNA polymerase of E. coli became the prime object of investigation, and no significant advances were made with RNA polymerases from eukaryotes. The reasons for this were twofold: first, there is only one molecular species of RNA polymerase ase in bacteria, and this could be isolated together with its major initiation factor [2], allowing in vitro transcription assays to be performed with native DNA of defined origin; second, three different enzymes are present in eukaryotes, all of which are purified in the form of a core enzyme whose activities can be measured only under “unnatural” conditions, usually using denatured DNA as templates [for review see 3]. Eukaryotic in vitro transcription systems allowing correct initiation at bona fide promoters have been developed only in the past several years. and only through recombinant DNA techniques has it become possible to start tackling the formidable task of dissecting the structure of the RNA polymerases and to see at last some crude attempts to attribute certain functions like DNA or nucleotide binding to regions in the primary structure of enzyme subunits. The question of how genes are regulated has, over the past decade, been approached almost to the exclusion of the transcribing enzyme in that over 90% of the literature is concerned with the study of promoter and enhancer elements by in vitro mutagenesis and in vivo assays. During the past few years, in vitro transcription systems, which allow the identification of transcription factors and their effects on initiation and elongation of RNA chains mediated by either of the RNA polymerases, have been developed to the point where we begin to perceive a coherent picture of the common features of gene function.

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Authors
  1. Ekkehard K. F. Bautz
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  2. Gabriele Petersen
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA

    Kenneth W. Adolph

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© 1989 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

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Bautz, E.K.F., Petersen, G. (1989). Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases. In: Adolph, K.W. (eds) Molecular Biology of Chromosome Function. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3652-8_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3652-8_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8192-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-3652-8

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