Abstract
Leprosy is a chronic mycobacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae. There are about 15 million people in the world suffering from this disabilitating disease. Although M. leprae was among the first organisms discovered to be associated with a human disease, it has not yet been cultivated on synthetic media in vitro. The growth of M. leprae in nine-banded armadillos for the first time provided enough bacilli for immunological and biochemical studies. Vaccination with purified killed M. leprae obtained from infected armadillo tissues induces long-lasting cell mediated immunity (CMI) in mice (37), guinea pigs (20), and humans (6,7). Immunization of mice with killed M. leprae protects them against viable challenge in the footpads (38).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bianco AE, Favaloro JM, Burkot TR, et al: A repetitive antigen of Plasmodium falciparum that is homologous to heat shock protein 70 of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 1986; 83: 8713.
Buchanan TM, Nomaguchi H, Anderson DC, et al: Characterization of antibody-reactive epitopes on the 65 kilodalton protein of Mycobacterium leprae. Infect immun 1987; 55: 1000.
Chaudhuri S, Fotedar A, Talwar GP: Lepromin conversion in repeatedly lepromin negative BL/LL patients after immunization with autoclaved Mycobacterium w. Int J Lepr 1983; 51: 159.
Convit J, Aranazu M, Ulrich M, et al: Immunotherapy with a mixture of Mycobacterium leprae and BCG in different forms of leprosy and in Mitsuda negative contacts. Int J Lepr 1982; 50: 415.
Fotedar A, Mehra NK, Mustafa AS, Tal war GP: Local reactions to intradermal instillation of Mycobacterium w and ICRC bacilli in mice. Lepr India 1978; 50: 520.
Gill HK, Mustafa AS, Godal T: Induction of delayed type hypersensitivity in human volunteers immunized with a candidate leprosy vaccine consisting of killed Mycobacterium leprae. Bull WHO 1986; 64: 121.
Gill HK, Mustafa AS, Godal T: In vitro proliferation of lymphocytes from human volunteers vaccinated with armadillo derived, killed M. leprae. Int J Lepr 1987; 55: 30.
Gillis TP, Job CK: Purification of the 65 KD protein from Mycobacterium gordonae and use in skin test response to Mycobacterium leprae. Int J Lepr 1987; 55: 54.
Girdhar BK, Desikan KV: Results of skin tests with five different mycobacteria. Lepr India 1978; 50: 555.
Govil DC, Bhutani LK: Delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions to lepromin and antigens from four other mycobacteria. Lepr India 1978; 50: 550.
Haregewoin A, Godal T, Mustafa AS, et al: T-cell conditioned media reverse T-cell unresponsiveness in lepromatous leprosy. Nature 1983; 303: 342.
Haregewoin A, Mustafa AS, Helle I, et al: Reversal by interleukin-2 of the T-cell unresponsiveness of lepromatous leprosy to Mycobacterium leprae. Immunol Rev 1984; 80: 77.
Haregewoin A, Longley J, Bjune G, et al: The role of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in the specific unresponsiveness of lepromatous leprosy to Mycobacterium leprae: studies in vitro and in vivo. Immunol lett 1986; 11: 249.
Hedstrom R, Culpepper J, Harrison RA, et al: A major immunogen in Schistosoma mansoni infections is homologous to the heat shock protein HSP70. J Exp Med 1987; 165: 1430.
Hogerzeil LM, Prabhudass N: Delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions to lepromins prepared from M. leprae and selected cultivable mycobacteria. Investigations at the Victoria Hospital, Dichpalli. Lepr India 1978; 50: 560.
Husson R, Young RA: Genes for the major antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: the etiologic agents of tuberculosis and leprosy share an immunodominant antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 1987; 84: 1379.
Kaufmann SHE, Chiplunkar S, Flesch I, De Libero G: Possible role of helper and cytolytic T cells in mycobacterial infections. Lepr Rev 1986; 57 (suppl 2): 101.
Kaufmann SHE, Vath U, Thole JER, et al: Enumeration of T cells reactive with Mycobacterium tuberculosis organisms and specific for the recombinant mycobacterial 64-kDa protein. Eur J Immunol 1987; 17: 351.
Lamb JR, Ivanyi J, Rees ADM, et al: Mapping of T cell epitopes using recombinant antigens and synthetic peptides. EMBO J 1987; 6: 1245.
Mehra V, Bloom BR: Induction of cell mediated immunity to Mycobacterium leprae in guinea pigs. Infect Imun 1979; 23: 787.
Mehra V, Convit J, Rubinstein A, Bloom BR: Activated suppressor cells in leprosy. J Immunol 1982; 129: 1946.
Mehra V, Convit J, Rubinstein A, Bloom BR: Activated suppressor cells in leprosy. J Immunol 1982; 129: 1946.
Mustafa AS, Godal T: BCG induced CD4+ cytotoxic T cells from BCG vaccinated healthy subjects: relation between cytotoxicity and suppression in vitro. Clin Exp Immunol 1987; 69: 255.
Mustafa AS, Talwar GP: Five cultivable mycobacterial strains giving blast transformation and leukocyte migration inhibition of leukocytes analogous to Mycobacterium leprae. Lepr India 1978; 50: 498.
Mustafa AS, Taiwar GP: Delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions to homologous and heterologous antigens in guineapigs immunized with M. leprae and four selected cultivable mycobacterial strains. Lepr India 1978; 50: 509.
Mustafa AS, Taiwar GP: Enlargement of draining lymphnodes in mice injected with four selected cultivable mycobacterial strains. Lepr India 1978; 50: 534.
Mustafa AS, Taiwar GP: Early and late reactions in tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy patients with lepromins from Mycobacterium leprae and five selected cultivable mycobacteria. Lepr India 1978; 50: 566.
Mustafa AS, Gill HK, Nerland A, et al: Human T cell clones recognize a major M. leprae protein expressed in E. coli. Nature 1986; 319: 63.
Mustafa AS, Kvalheim G, Degre M, Godal T: Mycobacterium bovis BCG induced human T-cell clones from BCG vaccinated healthy subjects: antigen specificity and lymphkine production. Infect Immun 1986; 53: 491.
Mustafa AS, Oftung F, Gill HK, Natvig I: Characteristics of human T-cell clones from BCG and killed M. leprae vaccinated subjects and tuberculosis patients: recognition of recombinant mycobacterial antigens. Lepr Rev 1986; 57 (suppl 2): 123.
Mustafa AS, Oftung F, Gill HK, Natvig I: Characteristics of human T-cell clones from BCG and killed M. leprae vaccinated subjects and tuberculosis patients: recognition of recombinant mycobacterial antigens. Lepr Rev 1986; 57 (suppl 2): 123.
Mustafa AS, Oftung F, Gill HK, Natvig I: Characteristics of human T-cell clones from BCG and killed M. leprae vaccinated subjects and tuberculosis patients: recognition of recombinant mycobacterial antigens. Lepr Rev 1986; 57 (suppl 2): 123.
Oftung F, Mustafa AS, Husson R, et al: Human T cell clones recognize two abundant M. tuberculosis proteins expressed in E. coli. J Immunol 1987; 138: 927.
Sahib HS, Vellut C: Some observations on skin reactions induced by lepromin and four other mycobacterial antigens. Lepr India 1978, 50: 579.
Sahib HS, Vellut C: Some observations on skin reactions induced by lepromin and four other mycobacterial antigens. Lepr India 1978, 50: 579.
Sharma RC, Singh R: Comparative study of skin reactions in leprosy patients to M. leprae-lepromin and to antigens from cultivable saprophytic mycobacteria. Lepr India 1987; 50: 572.
Shephard CC, Minagawa F, Landingham RV, Walker LL: Footpad enlargement as a measure of induced immunity to Mycobacterium leprae. Int J Lepr 1980; 48: 371.
Shepard CC, Walker LL, Landingham RV: Heat stability of Mycobacterium leprae immunogenicity. Infect Immun 1978; 22: 87.
Shinnick TM, Sweetser D, Thole J, et al: The etiologic agents of leprosy and tuberculosis share an immunoreactive protein antigen with the vaccine strain Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Infect Immun 1987; 55: 1932.
Thole JER, Keulen WJ, Kolk AHJ, et al: Characterization, sequence determination, and immunogenicity of a 64-kilodalton protein of Mycobacterium bovis BCG expressed in Escherichia coli K-12. Infect Immun 1987; 55: 1466.
Van Eden W, Thole JER, Van der Zee R, et al: Cloning of the mycobacterial epitope recognized by T lymphocytes in adjuvant arthritis. Nature 1988; 331: 171.
Van Eden W, Thole JER, Van der Zee R, et al: Cloning of the mycobacterial epitope recognized by T lymphocytes in adjuvant arthritis. Nature 1988; 331: 171.
Van Eden W, Thole JER, Van der Zee R, et al: Cloning of the mycobacterial epitope recognized by T lymphocytes in adjuvant arthritis. Nature 1988; 331: 171.
Young RA, Bloom BR, Grosskinsky CM, et al: Dissection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens using recombinant DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 1985; 82: 2583.
Young RA, Mehra V, Sweetser D, et al: Genes for the major protein antigens of the leprosy parasite Mycobacterium leprae. Nature 1985; 316: 450.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1989 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Mustafa, A.S. (1989). Mycobacterium w: Candidate Vaccine Against Leprosy with Antigens CrossReactive with Three Major Protein Antigens of Mycobacterium leprae . In: Talwar, G.P. (eds) Progress in Vaccinology. Progress in Vaccinology, vol 2. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3508-8_30
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3508-8_30
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-96734-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-3508-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive