Overview
Siliceous rocks are widespread in Bulgaria and span a wide age range, from Cambrian to Quaternary. Lithologies are of different types including diatomite, spongolite, radiolarite, siliceous shale, jasper, silicified limestone, nodular chert, chert pebbles, and chalcedony sand. The mineral composition is also variable including quartz, chalcedony, cristobalite, opal-CT, and opal-A. The siliceous rocks are polygenetic. Their evolution is governed by changes in: (1) dominance of siliceous organism types, radiolarians, sponges, and diatoms; (2) types of volcanic activity and tectonic environment; spreading-center basaltic volcanism, island-arc submarine basaltic volcanism, and subaerial acid volcanism; (3) sedimentary environments, open-ocean metachert; marginal sea siliceous shale and chert; back-arc trough siliceous shale and bedded chert; continental margin siliceous shale; intra-arc trough jasper, siliceous shale, bedded chert, nodular chert, silicified limestone, and vein agate; back-arc trough radiolarite, spongolite, and nodular chert; active continental margin silicified limestone, jasper, nodular chert, and agate; epicontinental sea nodular chert, spongolite, diatomite, and silicified limestone; Neogene lake diatomite; Quaternary fluviatile chert pebbles; Quaternary weathering chalcedony sand.
Consequently, the composition and type of siliceous rocks in Bulgaria correlate well with the development of siliceous organisms, volcanic activity, and changes in the depositional and tectonic environments.
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Nachev, I.K., Nachev, C.I. (1989). Distribution and Evolution of Siliceous Rocks in Bulgaria. In: Hein, J.R., Obradović, J. (eds) Siliceous Deposits of the Tethys and Pacific Regions. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3494-4_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3494-4_6
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