Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Pesticide Management in Food and Water Safety: International Contributions and National Approaches

  • Chapter
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

Part of the book series: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology ((RECT,volume 114))

Abstract

The use of pesticides in agriculture has obvious advantages such as increased quantity and quality of food crops. Many pesticides can be used with little risk to man and the environment. Others, by their very nature as well as by their manufacture, handling and use, can involve great personal hazard to those who come into contact with them. Workers involved in the actual application of pesticides are, of course, at particular risk, especially when handling concentrates. What greatly increases public concern, however, is that the risks from such agrochemicals extend to the environment generally and to public health by means of residues in agricultural products and water supplies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Andersson A, Ohlin B (1986) A capillary gas chromatographic multiresidue method for determination of pesticides in fruits and vegetables. Var Föda 38, Supplement 2, 79–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bates JAR (1989) Pesticides and International Organisations—An Overview. In: Kidd H, Hartley D, Ekström G (eds) A World Directory of Pesticide Control Organisations, Royal Society of Chemistry, Nottingham (UK), pp 1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bates JAR, Gorbach S (1987) Recommended approach to the appraisal of risks to consumers from pesticide residues in crops and food commodities, IUPAC Reports on Pesticides (22), Pure Appl Chem 59 (4): 611–624.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett PR (1988) National Pesticide Residue Limits in Foods. Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health and Welfare Canada, Ottawa, pp 650.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boardman R (1986) Pesticides in World Agriculture: The Politics of International Regulation. Macmillan, London, pp 221.

    Google Scholar 

  • CCPR (1987) Report of the 19th Session of the Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues. Alinorm 87/24 A, p 6.

    Google Scholar 

  • CCPR (1988a) Guide to Codex Maximum Limits for Pesticide Residues, Part 2, Index of Pesticide Chemicals for which Maximum Residue Limits have been recommended or are under elaboration. CAC/PR 2–1988, April 1988 (issued by the Netherlands).

    Google Scholar 

  • CCPR (1988b) Report of the twentieth session of the Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues, Alinorm 89/24, Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, Codes Alimentarius Commission, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.

    Google Scholar 

  • CFR (1987) Code of Federal Regulations Part 40, § 180.3, (July 1 ), Washington, D.C., pp 260–264.

    Google Scholar 

  • DOH (1984) Food Regulations 1984/262 (with amendments), Department of Health, Wellington, New Zealand, pp 127–135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dormal S, Hurtig H (1962) Principles for the establishment of pesticide residue tolerances. Residue Reviews 1, 140–151.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duggan R, Duggan PD, Duggan MB (eds) (1989) Pesticide Chemical News Guide. Food Chemical News, Washington, D.C., pp 289.

    Google Scholar 

  • EC (1976) Council Directive of 23 November 1976 relating to the fixing of maximum levels for pesticide residues in or on fruit and vegetables. Official Journal of the European Communities No. L 340 9.12. 76 (with amendments in accordance with No. L 102 19.4.80, No. L 46 19.2.81, No. L 234 9.8.82 and No. L 126 20.5.88).

    Google Scholar 

  • EC (1980) Council Directive of 15 July 1980 relating to the quality of water intended for human consumption. Official Journal of the European Communities, No. L 229, 30.8.80. EC (1986a) Council Directives of 24 July 1986 on the fixing of maximum levels for pesticide residues in and on foodstuffs of animal origin. Official Journal of the European Communities, No. L 221, 7.8. 86.

    Google Scholar 

  • EC (1986b) Council Directive of 24 July 1986 on the fixing of maximum levels for pesticide residues in and on cereals. Official Journal of the European Communities, No. L 221, 7.8. 86 (with amendments in accordance with No. L 126, 20.5.88).

    Google Scholar 

  • EPA (1986) Guidelines for the Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Mixtures. Federal Register Vol. 51. No. 185, September 24, 1986, 34014–34025.

    Google Scholar 

  • EPA (1988) Drinking Water Health Advisories for 16 Pesticides. Office of Drinking Water, Criteria and Standards Division. Reviews Environ Contam Toxicol 104: 1–225.

    Google Scholar 

  • EPA (1989) Reference dose list. Health Effects Division, Office of Pesticide Programs,U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., January 23, 1989, pp 1–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO (1985a) Code of Conduct on the distribution and use of pesticides. Food and Agricul-ture Organization, Rome.

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO (1985b) Guidelines for the registration and control of pesticides. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO (1985c) Guidelines on efficacy data for the registration of pesticides for plant protection. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO (1985d) Guidelines on environmental criteria for the registration of pesticides. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO (1985e) Guidelines on good labelling practice for pesticides. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO (1985f) Guidelines for the disposal of waste pesticide and pesticide containers on the farm. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO (1985g) Guidelines for the packaging and storage of pesticides. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO (1986) Guidelines on pesticide residue trials to provide data for the registration of pesticides and the establishment of maximum residue limits. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO (1987) FAO production yearbook, Vol. 41. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO/WHO (1975) Introduction to data sheets, VBC/DS/ 75. 0. World Health Organiza. tion, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO/WHO (1986) Codex maximum limits for pesticide residues. Codex Alimentarius Vol XIII, 2nd ed, Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO/WHO (1987) Pesticide residues in food 1987. Report of the Joint Meeting of the FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticide Residues in Food and the Environment, and a WHO Expert Group on Pesticide Residues. FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper 84. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO/WHO (1988a) Data sheets on pesticides (latest issue WHO/VBC/DS/88. 70 ). World Health Organization, Geneva, and Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO/WHO (1988b) Pesticide residues in food 1988. Report of the Joint Meeting of the FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticide Residues in Food and the Environment, and a WHO Expert Group on Pesticide Residues.

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper 92. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO/WHO (1988c) Codex maximum limits for pesticide residues, Codex Alimentarius Vol XIII, 2nd ed Suppl. 1. Joint

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.Farm Chemicals Handbook (1989) Meister Publishing Co., Willoughby, OH (USA), pp 268.

    Google Scholar 

  • FDA (1983) Use of the FDA surveillance index in planning pesticide residue monitoring programs. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD.

    Google Scholar 

  • FDA (1987) The FDA surveillance index for pesticides, Vol. I-III. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD.

    Google Scholar 

  • GIFAP (1987) Toxicological evaluation of pesticides in drinking water. GIFAP Position Paper, International Group of National Associations of Manufacturers of Agrochemical Products, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • GIFAP (1988a) Working with the JMPR and CCPR, A GIFAP Manual for the Agrochemical Industry. International Group of National Associations of Manufacturers of Agrochemical Products, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • GIFAP (1988b) Toxicology of crop protection products in combination. GIFAP Position Paper, International Group of National Associations of Manufacturers of Agrochemical Products, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • GIFAP (1989) National and international health based “standards” for agricultural chemicals in drinking water.

    Google Scholar 

  • GIFAP Water Committee, C/89/TD/094, International Group of National Associations of Manufacturers of Agrochemical Products, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartley D, Kidd H (1988) The Agrochemicals Handbook, 2nd Ed with Update 1. Royal Society of Chemistry, Nottingham, pp 1300.

    Google Scholar 

  • HWC (1987) Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality, Health and Welfare Canada, Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Ottawa.

    Google Scholar 

  • IARC (1987) IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An updating of IARC Monographs Vol. 1–42, Suppl. 7, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon.

    Google Scholar 

  • IRPTC (1987) Chemicals in the Environment: Need for Action, IRPTC Bull 8 (1). IRPTC (1989) Measures for pesticide residues in drinking water (in Sweden). IRPTC Bull 9 (2): 12–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • IRPTC/GKNT (1986) Scientific Reviews of Soviet Literature on Toxicity and Hazards of Chemicals, International Registry of Potentially Toxic Chemicals, Geneva, and Centre of International Projects (GKNT), Moscow (latest issue Dalapon, No. 95, 1986 ).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kagan Yu. S (1985) Principles of Pesticide toxicology. USSR Commission for UNEP, Centre of International Projects, ( GKNT), Moscow.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keppel GE (1971) Collaborative study of the determination of dithiocarbamate residues by a modified carbon disulfide evolution method. J Am Assoc Offic Chem 54: 3, 528–532.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ladomery LG (1986) Work of the Codex Alimentarius Commission in the control of pesticide residues in food. In: von Hofsten B and Ekström G (eds) Control of Pesticide Applications and Residues in Food: A Guide and Directory. Swedish Science Press, Uppsala, pp. 23–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • McDonald D (1988) International Pesticide Directory, 8th ed. Suppl. to the September/October 1988 edition of International Pest Control, McDonald Publications of London Ltd, Uxbridge (UK), pp 102.

    Google Scholar 

  • MTI (1987) Decree on food contaminants No 393/1987, Ministry of Trade and Industry, Helsinki.

    Google Scholar 

  • NFA (1983) The National Food Administration’s Ordinance on Foreign Substances in Food. SLV FS 1983: 1 with amendments, National Food Administration, Uppsala.

    Google Scholar 

  • NFA (1988) The National Food Administration’s Decree on Drinking Water. SLV FS 1983:12 as amended by SLV FS 1988: 18.

    Google Scholar 

  • NHMRC (1976) Recommended Maximum Residue Limits of Pesticides, Agricultural Chemicals, Feed Additives and Veterinary Medicines in Food. Eighty-second Session of the National (Australian) Health and Medical Research Council, Proceedings, Appendix I, pp 4.

    Google Scholar 

  • NRC (1987) Regulating pesticides in food: The Delaney Paradox. National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozolins G (1985) Application of WHO guidelines for drinking-water quality. National Water Quality Workshop, Bandung, Indonesia, 18–23 February 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  • PAV (1988) Verordnung über Anwendungsverbote für Pflanzenschutzmittel (Pflantzenschutz - Anwendungsverordnung), 27 July, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reed DV (1985) The FDA surveillance index for pesticides: Establishing food monitoring priorities based on potential health risks, J Assoc Offic Anal Chem 68 (1): 122–124.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shell (1983) The agrochemicals business, Shell Briefing Service No. 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNEP (1987) London Guidelines for the Exchange of Information on Chemicals in International Trade, Decision 14/27 of the Governing Council of UNEP, United Nations Environment Programme, 17 June 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations (1987) Consolidated list of products whose consumption and/or sale have been banned, withdrawn, severely restricted or not approved by Governments. 2nd issue. United Nations Publication ST/ESA/192, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO (1983) Interagency consultation on impact on human health and the environment of small scale formulation of pesticides for local use. WHO/VBC/83. 882, World Health Organization, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO (1984) Guideline values for health-related organic contaminants. Guidelines for drinking-water quality. Vol. 1, Recommendations. World Health Organization, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO (1987a) Evaluations and reference profile of the Joint FAO/WHO Meetings on Pesticide Residues in Food 1961–1986. World Health Organization, Geneva (unpublished document).

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO (1987b) Drinking-Water Quality: Guidelines for Selected Herbicides. Environmental Health 27, World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen.

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO (1988a) Public Health Impact of Pesticides Used in Agriculture. Report of a WHO/UNEP Working Group, World Health Organization, Geneva (Draft).

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO (1988b) The WHO recommended classification of pesticides by hazard, and Guidelines to classification 1988–1989. WHO/VBC/88. 953, World Health Organization, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO (1989) Inventory of international pesticide toxicity evaluations. Annex to the WHO/UNEP Review of the Public Health Impact of Pesticides Used in Agriculture, World Health Organization, Geneva (Draft).

    Google Scholar 

  • Worthing CR, Walker SB (1987) The Pesticide Manual: A World Compendium, 8th edition, British Crop Protection Council, Thornton Heath, ( UK ), pp 1077.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manuscript received April 17, 1989; accepted June 21, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Food Administration, P.O. Box 622, S-751 26, Uppsala, Sweden

    George Ekström

  2. National Laboratory for Agricultural Chemistry, P.O. Box 7004, S-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden

    Malin Åkerblom

Authors
  1. George Ekström
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Malin Åkerblom
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. College of Agriculture, University of Arizona, 85721, Tucson, Arizona, USA

    George W. Ware

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1990 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ekström, G., Åkerblom, M. (1990). Pesticide Management in Food and Water Safety: International Contributions and National Approaches. In: Ware, G.W. (eds) Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol 114. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3368-8_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3368-8_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7984-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-3368-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation