Skip to main content

Lipoproteins and Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis

  • Conference paper
Pathobiology of the Human Atherosclerotic Plaque
  • 101 Accesses

Abstract

Let us start with the assumption that we all agree, along with the NIH Consensus Panel on Lowering Blood Cholesterol (1), that hypercholesterolemia in some way contributes importantly to the progress of human atherosclerosis. The question that remains to be answered is: How? Most investigators have assumed that hypercholesterolemia does its damage as a consequence of a high rate of delivery of cholesterol and other lipids into the artery wall. This is really just a restatement of the Virchow lipid infiltration hypothesis put forward about 100 years ago. However, even a casual look at a complicated human atherosclerotic lesion makes it clear that much more goes on than just the deposition of lipids. There are crucially important elements of cellular proliferation and accumulation of connective tissue matrix materials that contribute significantly to the ultimate stenosis of the vessel.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Consensus Conference (1985) Lowering blood cholesterol to prevent heart disease. JAMA 253:2080–2090.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Henriksen T, Evensen SA, Carlander B (1979) Injury to human endothelial cells in culture induced by low density lipoproteins. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 39: 361–368.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Hessler JR, Morel DW, Lewis LJ, Chisolm GM (1983) Lipoprotein oxidation and lipoprotein-induced cytotoxicity. Arteriosclerosis 3:215–222.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Carvalho A-C, Colman RW, Lees RS (1974) Platelet function in hyperlipoproteinemia. N Engl J Med 290:434–438.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Steinberg D (1983) Lipoproteins and atherosclerosis. A look back and a look ahead. Arteriosclerosis 3:283–301.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Watanabe Y (1980) Serial inbreeding of rabbits with hereditary hyperlipemia (WHHL-rabbit). Incidence and development of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 36: 261–268.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Yamamoto T, Bishop RW, Brown MS, Goldstein J, Russell DW (1986) Deletion in cysteine-rich region of LDL receptor impedes transport to cell surface in WHHL rabbit. Science 232:1230–1237.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Goldstein JL, Brown MS, Anderson RGW, Russell DW, Schneider WJ (1985) Receptor-mediated endocytosis. Annual Rev Cell Biol 1:1–39.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Fowler S, Shio H, Haley WJ (1979) Characterization of lipid-laden aortic cells from cholesterol-fed rabbits. IV. Investigation of macrophage-like properties of aortic cell populations. Lab Invest 41:372–378.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Tsukuda T, Rosenfeld M, Ross R, Gown WM (1986) Immunocyte chemical analysis of cellular components in atherosclerotic lesions. Arteriosclerosis 6:601–613.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Mahley RW (1979) Dietary fat, cholesterol, and accelerated atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis Rev 5:1–34.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Mahley RW, Innerarity TL, Rall Jr SC, Weisgraber KH (1985) Lipoproteins of special significance in atherosclerosis. Insights provided by studies of Type III hyperlipoproteinemias. Ann NY Acad Sci 454:209–221.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Goldstein J, Ho YK, Basu SK, Brown MS (1979) Binding site on macrophages that mediates uptake and degradation of acetylated low density lipoprotein, producing massive cholesterol deposition. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76:333–377.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Gerrity RG, Naito HK, Richardson M, Schwartz CJ (1979) Dietary induced atherogenesis in swine. Am J Pathol 95:775–793.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Fagiotto A, Ross R, Harker L (1984) Studies of hypercholesterolemia in the nonhuman primate. I. Changes that lead to fatty streak formation. Arteriosclerosis 4:323–340.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Gerrity RG (1981) The role of the monocyte in atherogenesis. I. Transition of blood-born monocytes into foam cells in fatty lesions. Am J Pathol 103:181–190.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Bevilacqua MP, Pober JS, Wheeler ME, Cotran RS, Gimbrone Jr MA (1985) Interleukin 1 acts on cultured human vascular endothelium to increase the adhesion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes, and related leukocyte cell lines. J Cell Invest 76:2003–2011.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Pittman RC, Carew TE, Attie AD, Witztum JL, Watanabe Y, Steinberg D (1982) Receptor-dependent and receptor-independent degradation of low density lipoprotein in normal rabbits and in receptor-deficient mutant rabbits. J Biol Chem 257:7994–8000.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Simons LA, Reichl D, Myant NB, Mancini M (1975) The metabolism of the apoprotein of plasma low density lipoprotein in familial hyperbetalipoproteinemia in the homozygous form. Atherosclerosis 21:283–298.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Carew TE, Chapman MJ, Goldstein S, Steinberg D (1980) Enhanced degradation of trypsin-treated low density lipoprotein by fibroblasts from a patient with familial hypercholesterolemia. Biochim Biophys Acta 529:171–175.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Mahley RW, Innearity TL, Weisgraber KH, Oh SY (1979) Altered metabolism (in vivo and vitro) of plasma lipoprotein after selective chemical modification of lysine residues of the apoproteins. J Clin Invest 64:743–750.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Fogelman AM, Schechter JS, Hokom M, Child JS, Edwards PA (1980) Malondialdehyde alteration of low density lipoprotein leads to cholesterol accumulation in human monocyte-macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77:2214–2218.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Henriksen T, Mahoney EM, Steinberg D (1981) Enhanced macrophage degradation of low density lipoprotein previously incubated with cultured endothelial cells: recognition by receptors for acetylated low density lipoproteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78:6499–6503.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Henriksen T, Mahoney EM, Steinberg D (1982) Enhanced macrophage degradation of biologically modified low density lipoprotein. Arteriosclerosis 3:149–159.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Parthasarathy S, Printz DJ, Boyd D, Joy L, Steinberg D (1986) Macrophage oxidation of low density lipoprotein generates a modified form recognized by the scavenger receptor. Arteriosclerosis 6:505–510.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Steinbrecher UP, Parthasarathy S, Leake DS, Witztum JL, Steinberg D (1984) Modification of low density lipoprotein by endothelial cells involves lipid peroxidation and degradation of low density lipoprotein phospholipids. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81:3883–3887.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Parthasarathy S, Steinbrecher UP, Barnett J, Witztum JL, Steinberg D (1985) Essential role of phospholipase A2 activity in endothelial cell-induced modification of low density lipoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 3000–3004.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Fong LG, Parthasarathy S, Witztum JL, Steinberg D (1986) Nonenzymatic degradation of aproprotein B-100 during the oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (submitted to J Biol Chem).

    Google Scholar 

  29. Parthasarathy S, Fong SG, Otero D, Steinberg D (1987) Recognition of resolubilized apoproteins from delipid-ated, oxidatively-modified low density lipoprotein (LDL) by the acetyl-LDL receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:537–540.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Goldstein JL, Hoff JH, Ho YK, Basu SK, Brown MS (1981) Stimulation of cholesteryl ester synthesis in macrophages by extracts of atherosclerotic human aortas and complexes of albumin/cholesteryl ester. Arteriosclerosis 1:210–226.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Hoff HF, Morton RE (1985) Lipoproteins containing apo B extracted from human aortas: Structure and function. Ann NY Acad Sci 454:183–194.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Raymond TL, Reynolds SA, Swanson JA (1985) Lipoproteins of the extravascular space: Enhances macrophage degradation of low density lipoproteins from interstitial inflammatory fluid. J Lipid Res 26:1356:1362.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Quinn MT, Parthasarathy S, Steinberg D (1985) Endothelial cell-derived chemotactic activity for mouse peritoneal macrophages and the effects of modified forms of low density lipoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82:5949–5953.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Quinn MT, Parthasarathy S, Fong LG, Steinberg D (1987) Oxidatively modified low density lipoproteins: A potential role in recruitment and retention of monocyte/macrophages during atherogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci 84:2995–2998.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Morel DW, DiCorleto PE, Chisolm GM (1984) Endothelial and smooth muscle cells alter low density lipoprotein in vitro by free radical oxication. Arteriosclerosis 4:357–364.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Steinberg D (1986) Lipoproteins and atherogenesis: Current concepts. In: Hallgren B, Levin O, Rossner S, Vessby B (eds) Diet and Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease and Cancer. New York: Raven Press, pp. 95–112.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1990 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this paper

Cite this paper

Steinberg, D. (1990). Lipoproteins and Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. In: Glagov, S., Newman, W.P., Schaffer, S.A. (eds) Pathobiology of the Human Atherosclerotic Plaque. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3326-8_32

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3326-8_32

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7968-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-3326-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics