Skip to main content

Intelligence (IQ) Lost and Regained: The Psychoneuroendocrinology of Failure to Thrive, Catch-up Growth, the Syndrome of Abuse Dwarfism, and Munchausen’s Syndrome by Proxy

  • Chapter
Psychoneuroendocrinology

Abstract

Reversible failure of mental growth together with reversible failure of statural growth, both associated with child abuse, was first ascertained through the study of longitudinal follow-up case records in the Johns Hopkins Psychohormonal Research Unit (Money, 1977; see also Williams & Money, 1980). The purpose of this chapter is to review the history of research on the developmental constancy of IQ, preliminary to the presentation of data on the reversibility of IQ impairment in the failure-to-thrive syndrome known variously as reversible hyposomatotropinism, psychosocial dwarfism, and abuse dwarfism. This syndrome is characterized by impairment of statural, intellectual, and social growth and maturation before rescue from abuse, and catch-up growth following rescue. The parents or guardians of the child with abuse dwarfism are themselves nosologically classified under Munchausen’s syndrome by proxy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Appelbaum, A.S. (1977). Developmental retardation in infants as a concomitant of physical child abuse. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 5, 417–423.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barbero, G.J., & Shaheen, E. (1967). Environmental failure to thrive: A clinical view. Journal of Pediatrics, 71, 639–644.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bayley, N. (1949). Consistency and variability in the growth of intelligence from birth to eighteen years. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 75, 165–196.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bohas, B., & de Wied, D. (1981). Actions of ACTH- and MSH-like peptides on learning, performance, and retention. In J.L. Martinez, Jr., R.A. Jensen, R.B. Messing, H. Rigter, and J.L. McGaugh (Eds.), Endogenous peptides and learning and memory processes (pp. 59–77). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandwein, H. (1973). The battered child: A definite and significant factor in mental retardation. Mental Retardation, 11, 50–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buchanan, A., & Oliver, J.E. (1977). Abuse and neglect as a cause of mental retardation: A study of 140 children admitted to subnormality hospitals in Wiltshire. British Journal of Psychiatry, 131, 458–467.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dennis, W. Children of the crèche. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  • Eysenck, H.J. (1974). The inequality of man. London: Temple Smith.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, H. (1923). Mental and scholastic tests among retarded children. Educaton Pamphlet 44. London: Board of Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, W.H. (1986). Psychosocial dwarfism: Psychological and etiological considerations. Advances in Clinical Child Psychology, 9, 245–278.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guilhaume, A., Benoit, O., Gourmelen, M., & Richardet, J.M. (1982). Relationship between sleep stage IV deficit and reversible HGH deficiency in psychosocial dwarfism. Pediatric Research, 16, 299–303.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hamill, P.V.V., Drizd, T.A., Johnson, C.L., Reed, R.B., & Roche, A.F. (1977). NCHS growth curves for children birth-18 years, United States. Vital and health statistics data from the National Health Survey, Series 11, Number 165, USPHS National Center for Health Statistics. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heber, R.F. (1976). Sociocultural mental retardation—A longitudinal study. Paper presented at the Vermont Conference on the Primary Prevention of Psycho-pathology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heber, R.F., & Garber, H. (1975). The Milwaukee Project: A study of the use of family intervention to prevent cultural-familial mental retardation. In B.Z. Friedlander, G.M. Sterrit, & E.K. Girvin (Eds.), Exceptional infant: Vol. 3. Assessment and intervention (pp. 399–433). New York: Brunner/Mazel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirsch, J. (1975). Jensenism: The bankruptcy of “science” without scholarship. United States Congressional Record, 122: No. 73, E2671–2672; No. 74, E2693–2695; No. 75, E2703–2705; E2716–2718, E2721–2722 (originally published in Educational Theory, 25, 3–27, 102).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirsch, J. (1981). To “Unfrock the charlatans.” Sage Race Relations Abstracts, 6, 1–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, A.R. (1969). How much can we boost I.Q. and scholastic achievement? Harvard Educational Review, 39, 1–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, A.R. (1973). Educability and group differences. New York: Harper and Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCall, R.B., Appelbaum, M.I., & Hogarty, P.S. (1973). Developmental changes in mental performance. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 38 (3, Serial No. 150).

    Google Scholar 

  • Meadow, R. (1977). Munchausen syndrome by proxy: The hinterland of child abuse. Lancet, 2, 343–345.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Money, J. (1977). The syndrome of abuse dwarfism (psychosocial dwarfism or reversible hyposomatotropinism): Behavioral data and case report. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 131, 508–513.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Money, J. (1986). Munchausen’s syndrome by proxy: Update. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 11, 583–584.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Money, J. (1989). Paleodigms and paleodigmatics: A new theoretical construct applicable to Munchausen’s syndrome by proxy, child abuse dwarfism, paraphilias, anorexia nervosa, and other syndromes. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 43, 15–24.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Money, J., & Annecillo, C. (1987). Crucial period effect in psychoendocrinology: Two syndromes, abuse dwarfism and female (CVAH) hermaphroditism. In M.H. Bornstein (Ed.), Sensitive periods in development: Interdisciplinary perspectives (pp. 145–158). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Money, J., Annecillo, C, & Hutchison, J.W. (1985). Forensic and family psychiatry in abuse dwarfism: Munchausen’s syndrome by proxy, atonement, and addiction to abuse. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 11, 30–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Money, J., Annecillo, C, & Kelley, J.F. (1983a). Abuse-dwarfism syndrome: After rescue, statural and intellectual catchup growth correlate. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 12, 279–283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Money, J., Annecillo, C., & Kelley, J.F. (1983b). Growth of intelligence: Failure and catchup associated respectively with abuse and rescue in the syndrome of abuse dwarfism. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 8, 309–319.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Money, J., & Ehrhardt, A. A. (1972). Man and woman, boy and girl: The differentiation and dimorphism of gender identity from conception to maturity. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Money, J., & Werlwas, J. (1976). Folie à deux in the parents of psychosocial dwarfs: Two cases. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 4, 351–362.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Money, J., & Wolff, G. (1974). Late puberty, retarded growth and reversible hyposomatotropinism (psychosocial dwarfism). Adolescence, 9, 121–134.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Money, J., Wolff, G., & Annecillo, C. (1972). Pain agnosia and self-injury in the syndrome of reversible somatotropin deficiency (psychosocial dwarfism). Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 2, 127–139.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Patton, R.G., & Gardner, L.I. (1975). Deprivation dwarfism (psychosocial deprivation): Disordered family environment as cause of so-called idiopathic hypopituitarism. In L.I. Gardner (Ed.), Endocrine and genetic diseases of childhood and adolescence (2nd ed.) (pp. 85–98). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Powell, G.F., Brasel, J.A., & Blizzard, R.M. (1967a). Emotional deprivation and growth retardation simulating idiopathic hypopituitarism. I. Clinical evaluation of the syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine, 276, 1271–1278.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Powell, G.F., Brasel, J.A., Raiti, S., & Blizzard, R.M. (1967b). Emotional deprivation and growth retardation simulating idiopathic hypopituitarism. II. Endocrinologic evaluation of the syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine, 276, 1279–1283.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reinhart, J.B., & Drash, A.L. (1969). Psychosocial dwarfism: Enviromentally induced recovery. Psychosomatic Medicine, 31, 165–171.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sandgrund, A., Gaines, R.W., & Green, A.H. (1974). Child abuse and mental retardation: A problem of cause and effect. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 79, 327–330.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schanberg, S.M., & Field, T.M. (1987). Sensory deprivation stress and supplemental stimulation in the rat pup and preterm human neonate. Child Development’s, 1431–1447.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherman, M., & Key, C.B. (1932). The intelligence scores of isolated mountain children. Child Development, 3, 279–290.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silver, H.K., & Finkelstein, M. (1967). Deprivation dwarfism. Journal of Pediatrics, 70, 317–324.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Skeels, H.M. (1966). Adult status of children with contrasting early life experiences: A followup study. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 31 (3, Serial No. 105).

    Google Scholar 

  • Skeels, H.M., & Fillmore, E.A. (1937). The mental development of children from underprivileged homes. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 50, 427–439.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solomon, R.L. (1980). The opponent-process theory of acquired motivation. American Psychologist, 35, 691–712.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sowell, T. New light on black IQ. New York Times Magazine, March 27, 1977, pp. 56–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spitz, R.A. (1946). Hospitalism. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 2, 113–117.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, B.J., & Brook, C.G.D. (1986). Sleep EEG in growth disorders. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 61, 754–760.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, G.J., & Money, J. (Eds.) (1980). Traumatic abuse and neglect of children at home. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolff, G., & Money, J. (1973). Relationship between sleep and growth in patients with reversible somatotropin deficiency (psychosocial dwarfism). Psychological Medicine, 3, 18–27.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1990 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Annecillo, C., Money, J., Lobato, C. (1990). Intelligence (IQ) Lost and Regained: The Psychoneuroendocrinology of Failure to Thrive, Catch-up Growth, the Syndrome of Abuse Dwarfism, and Munchausen’s Syndrome by Proxy. In: Holmes, C.S. (eds) Psychoneuroendocrinology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3306-0_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3306-0_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7960-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-3306-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics