Abstract
The goal of obtaining water and energy exchange on continental scales from remote sensing is fundamental to the questions not only of ecosystem functioning but also of land climate processes and regional hydrology. A general conceptual framework is described here for carrying out this work. Progress up to now has been limited for several reasons: the current sensing systems are probably inadequate for the task, the information content of potential future systems has not been adequately characterized by modeling sensitivity studies, and the linked remote sensing and modeling infrastructure has not yet been developed that is needed to carry out this activity.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alley, W.M. (1984). The Palmer Drought Severity Index: limitations and assumptions. JCAM 23:1100–1109.
Austin, P.M. (1987). Relation between measured radar reflectivity and surface rainfall. Mon. Wea. Rev. 115:1053–1070.
Band, L.E. (1986). Topographic partition of watersheds with digital elevation models. Water Resources Res. 22(1): 15–24.
Baumgartner, A., and Reichel, E. (1975). The World Water Balance. Elsevier, NY.
Becker, F., and Choudhury, B.J. (1988). Relative sensitivity of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and microwave polarization difference index (MPDI) for vegetation and desertification monitoring. Remote Sens. Envir. 24:287–311.
Bell, T.L. (1987). A space-time stochastic model of rainfall for satellite remote-sensing studies. J. Geophys. Res. 92(D8): 9631–9643.
Bengtsson, L., Ghil, M., and Källén, E. (1980). Dynamic Meteorology: Data Assimilation Methods. Springer-Verlag, NY.
Bengtsson, L., and Shukla, J. (1988). Integration of space and in situ observations to study global climate change. Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. 69(10): 1130–1143.
Beven, K.J., Wood, E.F., and Sivapalan, M. (1988). On hydrological heterogeneity-catchment morphology and catchment response. J. Hydrology 100: 353–375.
Blanchard, B.J., McFarland, M.J., Schmugge, T.J., and Rhoades, E. (1981). Estimation of soil moisture with API algorithms and microwave emission. Water Resources Bull. 17(5): 767–774.
Bryan, F., and Oort, A. (1984). Seasonal variation of the global water balance based on aerological data. J. Geophys. Res. 89(D7): 11
Bryan, F., and Oort, A. (1984). Seasonal variation of the global water balance based on aerological data. J. Geophys. Res. 89(D7): 717–11.
Bryan, F., and Oort, A. (1984). Seasonal variation of the global water balance based on aerological data. J. Geophys. Res. 89(D7):, 730.
Camillo, P.J., Gurney, R.J., and Schmugge, T.J. (1983). A soil and atmospheric boundary layer model for evapotranspiration and soil moisture studies. Water Resources Res. 19(2): 371–380.
Carlson, T.N. (1986). Regional-scale estimates of surface moisture availability and thermal measurements. Remote Sens. Rev. 1:197–247.
Carlson, T.N., Dodd, J.K., Benjamin, S.G., and Cooper, J.N. (1981). Satellite estimation of the surface energy balance, moisture availability and thermal inertia. J. Appl. Meteorol. 20:67–87.
Choudhury, B.J. (1987). Relationships between vegetation indices, radiation absorption, and net photosynthesis evaluated by a sensitivity analysis. Remote Sens. Envir. 22:209–233.
Choudhury, B.J., and Blanchard, B.J. (1983). Simulating soil water recession coefficients for agricultural watersheds. Water Resources Bull. 19(2): 241–247.
Choudhury, B.J., and Golus, R. E. (1988). Estimating soil wetness using satellite data. Int. J. Remote. Sens. 9(7): 1251–1257.
Choudhury, B.J., and Monteith, J.L. (1988). A four-layer model for the heat budget of homogeneous land surfaces. Quart. J. Meteorol. Soc. 114:373–398.
Choudhury, B.J., Tucker, C.J., Golus, R.E., and Newcomb, W.W. (1987). Monitoring vegetation using Nimbus-7 scanning multichannel microwave radiometer data. Int. J. Remote Sens. 8:533–538.
Corio, L.A., and Pinker, R.T. (1987). Estimating monthly mean water and energy budgets over the central U.S. Great Plains. Part II: Evapoclimatonomy experiments. Mon. Wea. Rev. 115:1153–1160.
Darnell, W.L., Staylor, W.F., Gupta, S.K., and Denn, F.M. (1988). Estimation of surface insolation using sun-synchronous satellite data 1. J. Climate 8:820–835.
Deardorff, J. (1978). Efficient prediction of ground temperature and moisture with inclusion of a layer of vegetation. J. Geophys. Res. 83:1889–1903.
Delworth, T.L., and Manabe, S. (1988). The influence of potential evaporation on the variabilities of simulated soil wetness and climate. J. Climate 1:523–547.
Diak, G., and Gautier, C. (1983). Improvements to a simple physical model for estimating insolation from GOES data. JCAM 22:505–508.
Diak, G., Heikkinen, S., and Bates, J. (1986). The influence of variations in surface treatment on 24-hour forecasts with a limited area model, including a comparison of modeled and satellite-measured surface temperatures. Mon. Wea. Rev. 114:215–232.
Dickinson, R.E. (1984). Modeling evapotranspiration for three-dimensional global climate models. pp. 58–72. In J.E. Hansen and T.Takahashi (eds.), Climate Processes and Climate Sensitivity. Geophys. Mono. 29. Amer. Geophys. Union, Washington, DC.
Dickinson, R.E. (1988). The force-restore model for surface temperatures and its generalizations, J. Climate 1:1086–1097.
Dickinson, R.E., Henderson-Sellers, A., Kennedy, P.J., and Wilson, M.F. (1986). Biosphere Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS) for the NCAR Community Climate Model. Nat. Center for Atmos. Res. Tech Note/TN275 + STR.
DiMego, G.J. (1988). The national meteorological center regional analysis system. Mon. Wea. Rev. 116:977–1000.
Eagleman, J.R., and Lin, W.C. (1976). Remote sensing of soil moisture by a 21-cm passive radiometer. J. Geophys. Res. 81(21): 3660–3666.
Eagleson, P.S. (1982). Ecological optimality in water limited natural soil-vegetation systems. 1. Theory and hypothesis. Water Resources Res. 18:325–340.
Ehler, W.L., Idso, S.B., Jackson, R.D., and Reginato, R.J. (1978). Diurnal changes in plant water potential and canopy temperature of wheat as affected by drought. Agron. J. 70:999–1004.
Flores, A.L., and Carlson, T.N. (1987). Estimation of surface moisture availability from remote temperature measurements. J. Geophys. Res. 92(D8): 9581–9585.
Gleick, P.H. (1986). Methods for evaluating the regional hydrologic impacts of global climatic changes. J. Hydrology 88:97–116.
Griffith, C.G. (1987). Comparisons of gauge and satellite rain estimates for the central United States during August 1979. J. Geophys. Res. 92(D8):9551–9566.
Hechinger, E., Becker, F., and Raffy, N. (1982). Comparison between the accuracies of a new discretization method and an improved Fourier method to evaluate heat transfers between soil and atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 87:7325–7339.
Hope, A.S. (1988). Estimation of wheat canopy resistance using combined remotely sensed spectral reflectance and thermal observations. Remote Sens. Envir. 24:369–383.
Hope, A.S., Petzold, D.E., Goward, S.N., and Ragan, R.M. (1986). Simulated relationships between spectral reflectance, thermal emissions, and evapotranspiration of a soybean canopy. Water Resources Bull. 22(6): 1011–1019.
Idso, S.B., and Ehler, W.L. (1976). Estimating soil moisture in the root zone of crops. A technique adaptable to remote sensing. Geophys. Res. Lett. 3:23–25.
Idso, S.B., Jackson, R.D., and Reginato, R.T. (1975). Estimating evaporation: A technique adaptable to remote sensing. Science 189:991–992.
Idso, S.B., Jackson, R.D., and Reginato, R.J. (1977). An equation for potential evaporation from soil, water and crop surfaces adaptable to use by remote sensing. Geophys. Res. Lett. 4:187–188.
Isaacs, R.G., Hoffman, R.N., and Kaplan, L.D. (1986). Satellite remote sensing of meteorological parameters for global numerical weather prediction. Rev. Geophys. 24(4): 701–743.
Jackson, R.D. (1985). Evaluating evapotranspiration at local and regional scales. Proc. IEEE 73(6): 1086–1096.
Jackson, R.D., and Reginato, R.J. (1976). Compensating for environmental variability in the thermal inertia approach to remote sensing of soil moisture. J. Appl. Meteorol. 15:811–817.
Jackson, T.J., and O’Neil, P. (1987). Temporal observations of surface soil moisture using a passive microwave sensor. Remote Sens. Envir. 21:281–296.
Kahle, A.B. (1977). A simple thermal model of the earth’s surface for geologic mapping by remote sensing. J. Geophys. Res. 82:1673–1680.
Karl, T.R. (1986). The relationship of soil moisture parameterizations to subsequent seasonal and monthly mean temperature in the United States. Mon. Wea. Rev. 114:675–686.
Kellogg, W.W., and Zhao, A. (1988). Sensitivity of soil moisture to doubling of carbon dioxide in climate model experiments. Part 1: North America. J. Climate 1:348–366.
Manabe, S. (1969). Climate and ocean circulation:I. The atmospheric circulation and the hydrology of the earth’s surface. Mon. Wea. Rev. 97: 739–774.
Nemani, R.R., and Running, S.W. (1989). Testing a theoretical climate-soil-leaf area hydrologic equilibrium of forests using satellite data and ecosystem simulation. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 44:245–260.
Nogues-Paegle, J., and Daley, R. (1988). Summary of the global weather experiment workshops on the hydrological cycle and data assimilation. Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. 69(4): 377–382.
Peixoto, J.P., and Oort, A.H. (1983). The Atmospheric Branch of the Hydrological Cycle and Climate. Variations in the Global Water Budget. Reidel. Norwell, MA, pp. 5–65.
Pinker, R.T., and Corio, L.A. (1987). Estimating monthly mean water and energy budgets over the central U.S. Great Plains. Part I: Evapoclimatonomy model formulation. Mon. Wea. Rev. 115(6): 1140–1152.
Pinker, R.T., and Ewing, J. A. (1986). Effect of surface properties on the narrow to broadband spectral relationship in clear sky satellite observations. Remote Sens. Envir. 20:267–282.
Prevot, L., Bernard, R., Taconet, O., Vidal-Madjar, D., and Thony, J.L. (1984). Evaporation from a bare soil evaluated using a soil water transfer model and remotely sensed surface soil moisture data. Water Resources Res. 20(2): 311–316.
Price, J.C. (1977). Thermal inertia mapping: A new view of the earth. J. Geophys. Res. 82:2582–2590.
Priestley, C.H.B., and Taylor, R.J. (1972). On the assessment of surface heat flux and evaporation using large-scale parameters. Mon. Wea. Rev. 100(2): 81–92.
Rasmusson, E.M. (1968). Atmospheric water vapor transport and the water balance of North America. Mon. Wea. Rev. 96(10): 720–734.
Rodriguez-Iturbe, I. (1986). Scale of fluctuation of rainfall models. Water Resources Res. 22(9): 15S–37S.
Running, S.W., and Nemani, R.R. (1988). Relating seasonal patterns of the AVHRR vegetation index to simulated photosynthesis and transpiration of forests in different climates. Remote Sens. Envir. 24:347–367.
Savijärvi, H.I. (1988). Global energy and moisture budgets from rawinsonde data. Mon. Wea. Rev. 116(2): 417–430.
Schmugge, T. (1987). Remote sensing applications in hydrology. Rev. Geophys. 25(2): 148–152.
Schmugge, T.J., Wang, J.R., and Asra, G. (1988). Results from the push broom microwave radiometer flights over the Konza Prairie in 1985. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 26(5): 590–596.
Seguin, B., and Itier, B. (1983). Using midday surface temperature to estimate daily evaporation satellite thermal IR data. Int. J. Remote Sens. 4(2): 371–383.
Sellers, P.J. (1985). Canopy reflectance, photosynthesis and transpiration. Int. J. Remote Sens. 6(8): 1335–1372.
Sellers, P.J., Mintz, Y., Sud, Y.C., and Dalcher, A. (1986). A simple biosphere model (SiB) for use within general circulation models. J Atmos. Sci. 43:505–531.
Sellers, P.J., Rasool, S.I., and Bolle, H.J. (eds.). Satellite data algorithms for studies of the land surface. Proc. ISLSCP Workshop held at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Jan. 1987. ISLSCP Rep. no 9, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD.
Serafini, Y.V. (1987). Estimation of the evapotranspiration using surface and satellite data. Int. J. Remote Sens. 8(10): 1547–1562.
Simpson, J., Adler, R.F., and Negri, A.J. (1988a). On improved validation of rainfall estimates from geosynchronous IR products, pp. D-125-D-140. In Validation of Satellite Precipitation Measurements for the Global Precipitation Climatology Project. World Climate Programme Res. Rep. of Int. Wksp., held in Washington, DC, Nov. 17–21, WCRP-1, WMO/TD-No. 203. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Simpson, J.A., Adler, R.F., and North, G.R. (1988b). A proposed tropical rainfall measuring mission (TRMM) satellite. Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. 69(3): 278–295.
Sinton, W.M., and Strong, J. (1960). Radiometric observations of Mars. Astrophys.J. 131:459–469.
Sivapalan, M., Beven, K., and Wood, E.F. (1987). On hydrologic similarity 2. A scaled model of storm runoff production. Water Resources Res. 23(12): 2266–2278.
Smith, W.L., Leslie, L.M., Diak, G.R., Goodman, B.M., Velden, C.S., Callan, G.M., Raymond, W., and Wade, G.S. (1988). The integration of meteorological satellite imagery and numerical dynamical forecast models. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A 324:317–323.
Soer, G.J.R. (1980). Estimation of regional evapotranspiration and soil moisture conditions using remotely sensed crop surface temperatures. Remote Sens. Envir. 9:27–45.
Taconet, O., Bernard, R., and Vidal-Madjar, D. (1986a). Evapotranspiration over an agricultural region using a surface flux/temperature model based on NOAA-AVHRR data. JCAM 25:284–307.
Taconet, O., Carlson, T., Bernard, R., and Vidal-Madjar, D. (1986b). Evaluation of a surface/vegetation parameterization using satellite measurements of surface temperature. JCAM 25:1752–1767.
Tarpley, J.D., (1988). Some climatological aspects of satellite-observed surface heating in Kansas. J. Appl. Meteorol. 27:20–29.
Thornthwaite, C.W., and Mather, J.R. (1985). The water balance. Publ. Climatol. 8:1.
Trenberth, K.E., Christy, J.R., and Olson, J.G. (1987). Global atmospheric mass, surface pressure, and water vapor variations. J. Geophys. Res. 92(D12): 14,815–14,826.
Tucker, C.J., and Choudhury, B.J., (1987). Satellite remote sensing of drought conditions. Remote Sens. Envir. 23:243–251.
Van De Griend, A.A., Camillo, P.J., and Gurney, R.J. (1985). Discrimination of soil physical parameters, thermal inertia, and soil moisture from diurnal surface temperature fluctuations. Water Resources Res. 21(7): 997–1009.
Walsh, J.E., Jasperson, W.H., and Ross, B. (1985). Influences of snow cover and soil moisture on monthly air temperture. Mon. Wea. Rev 113:756–768.
Watson, K., and Hummer-Miller, S. (1981). A simple algorithm to estimate the effective regional atmospheric parameters for the thermal-inertia mapping. Remote Sens. Envir. 11:455–462.
Wetzel, P.J., Atlas, D., and Woodward, R.H. (1984). Determining soil moisture from geosynchronous satellite infrared data: A feasibility study. JCAM 23:375–391.
Wetzel, P.J., and Chang, J. (1988). Evapotranspiration from nonuniform surfaces: A first approach for short-term numerical weather prediction. Mon. Wea. Rev. 116:600–621.
Wetzel, P.J., and Woodward, R.H. (1987).Soil moisture estimation using GOESVISSR infrared data: A case study with a simple statistical method. JCAM 26:107–117.
Willmott, C.J., Rowe, C.M., and Mintz, T. (1985). Climatology of the terrestrial seasonal water cycle. J Climatol. 5:589–606.
Wood, E.F., Sivapalan, M., Beven, K., and Band, L. (1988). Effects of spatial variability and scale with implications to hydrologic modeling. J. Hydrol. 102:29–47.
Woodward, F.I. (1987). Climate and Plant Distribution. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, England.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1990 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Dickinson, R.E. (1990). Water and Energy Exchange. In: Hobbs, R.J., Mooney, H.A. (eds) Remote Sensing of Biosphere Functioning. Ecological Studies, vol 79. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3302-2_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3302-2_6
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7958-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-3302-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive