Abstract
The diversification of agroecosystems with the incorporation of trees is a practice that has a lengthy history. This is especially true in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world where farmers have long planted trees with other agricultural crops and incorporated animals to help provide for the basic needs of food, wood products, and fodder, and to help conserve and protect their often limited resources (Nair, 1983). In the past decade, particular interest has developed in the many variations of this practice, and with it, an awareness of the unique productive and protective value of trees in agricultural systems (Felker and Bandurski, 1979; McDaniels and Lieberman, 1979; Getahun et al., 1982; Nair, 1983; Organization for Tropical Studies (OTS), 1986).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alcorn, J.B. 1984. Huastec Mayan Ethnobotany. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
Allison, J. 1983. An ecological analysis of home gardens (huertos familiares) in two Mexican villages. M.A. Thesis, Biology, Univ. of Calif., Santa Cruz.
Altieri, M.A. 1986. The significance of diversity in the maintenance of the sustainability of traditional agroecosystems. Newsletter, Informationcentre for Low External Input Agriculture (Netherlands) Vol. 3(2): 3–7.
Budowski, G. 1983. Agroforestry in Central America. In Agroforestry, edited by J. Henveldop and J. Lagemann. San Jose, Costa Rica: Centro Agronómico Tropicál de Investigación (CATIE).
Budowski, G. 1985. Homegardens in tropical America: A review. Paper presented at The First International Workshop on Tropical Homegardens, Dec. 2–9, 1985, Bandung, Indonesia.
Chandler, T., and D. Spurgeon, eds. 1980. International Cooperation in Agroforestry-Proceedings of an International Conference. Nairobi: Internation Center for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF).
Chavelas, J. 1979. Multiple soil use module for tropical regions. In Proceedings of Workshop on Agroforestry Systems in Latin America, edited by G. De Las Salas. Turrialba, Costa Rica: CATIE.
Christanty, L. 1981. An ecosystem analysis of West Javanese homegardens. East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii. Working Paper.
Christanty, L., O. Abdoellah, G. Marten, and J. Iskander. 1986. Traditional agroforestry in West Java: The Pekarangan (homegarden) and Kebun-talun (annual perennial rotation) cropping systems. In Traditional Agriculture in Southeast Asia, edited by G. Marten. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Dewey, K.G. 1979. Agricultural development: Impact on diet and nutrition. Ecology of Food and Nutrition. 8: 247–253.
Ewel, J., et al. 1982. Leaf area, light transmission, roots and leaf damage in nine tropical plant communities. Agro-Ecosystems. 7: 173–185.
Felker, P., and R.D. Bandurski. 1979. Uses and potential uses of leguminous trees for minimal energy input agriculture. Economic Botany. 33: 172–184.
Flietner, D. 1985. Don Ignacio’s home garden. In Proceedings of OTS Course 85–4, edited by R. Jaffe and S.R. Gliessman. Costa Rica: OTS.
Getahun, A., G.F. Wilson, and B.T. Kang. 1982. The role of trees in farming systems in the Humid Tropics. In Agroforestry in the African Humid Tropics, edited by L.H. MacDonald. Tokyo: United Nations University Press.
Gliessman, S.R. 1984. Resource management in traditional tropical agroecosystems in southeast Mexico. In Agricultural Sustainability in a Changing World Order, edited by G. Douglass. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Gliessman, S.R., R. Garcia E., and M. Amador A. 1981. The ecological basis for the application of traditional agricultural technology in the management of tropical agroecosystems. Agro-Ecosystems. 7: 173–185.
Gonzalez Jacome, A. 1985. Home gardens in central Mexico. In Prehistoric Intensive Agriculture in the Tropics, edited by I.S. Farrington. Oxford, England: BAR International Series 232.
Hisyam, A., M. Anwar, and A Suharto. 1979. Social and cultural aspects of home-gardens. Paper presented at the Fifth International Symposium of Tropical Ecology, April, 1979, Kuala Lumpur.
Huxley, P.A. 1985. The tree/crop interface-or simplifying the biological/environmental study of mixed cropping agroforestry systems. Agroforestry Systems 3: 251–266.
MacDaniels, L.H., and A.S. Lieberman. 1979. Tree crops: A neglected source of food and forage from marginal lands. Bioscience. 29: 173–175.
Nair, P.K.R. 1983. Tree integration on farmlands for sustained productivity of small holdings. In Environmentally Sound Agriculture, edited by W. Lockeretz. New York: Praeger.
Ninez, V. 1985. Introduction: Household gardens and small scale food production. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. 7(3): 1–5.
Organization for Tropical Studies. 1986. Sistemas Agroforestales: Principios y Aplicaciones en los Tropicos. San Jose, Costa Rica: OTS/CATIE.
Soemarwoto, O., and I. Soemarwoto. 1979. The village homegarden: A traditional integrated system of man-plants-animals. Paper presented at the Conference of Integrated Systems Development, Sept. 1979, Arlon, Belgium.
Wiersum, K.F. 1981. Introduction to the agroforestry concept. In Viewpoints in Agroforestry, edited by K.F. Wiersum. The Netherlands: Agricultural Univer- sity of Wageningen.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1990 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gliessman, S.R. (1990). Integrating Trees into Agriculture: The Home Garden Agroecosystem as an Example of Agroforestry in the Tropics. In: Gliessman, S.R. (eds) Agroecology. Ecological Studies, vol 78. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3252-0_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3252-0_11
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7934-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-3252-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive