Skip to main content

Learning Curve and Rate Adjustment Models: Comparative Prediction Accuracy Under Varying Conditions

  • Conference paper
Book cover Cost Analysis and Estimating

Abstract

Learning curve models have gained widespread acceptance as a technique for analyzing and forecasting the cost of items produced from a repetitive process. Considerable research has investigated augmenting the traditional learning curve model with the addition of a production rate variable, creating a rate adjustment model. This study compares the predictive accuracy of the learning curve and rate adjustment models. A simulation methodology is used to vary conditions along seven dimensions. Forecast errors are analyzed and compared under the various simulated conditions, using ANOVA. As in all simulation studies, findings must be interpreted in light of the assumptions underlying the simulation. Overall results indicate that neither model dominates; each is more accurate under some conditions. Conditions under which each model tends to result in lower forecast errors are identified and discussed. This work was sponsored by the Cost Estimating and Analysis Division of the Naval Sea Systems Command and the Naval Postgraduate School.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Alchian, A. (1963), “Reliability of Progress Curves in Airframe Production,” Econometrica, Vol. 31, pp. 679–693.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Asher, H. (1956), Cost-Quantity Relationships in the Airframe Industry, R-291, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Balut, S. (1981), “Redistributing Fixed Overhead Costs,” Concepts, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 63–72.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Balut, S., T. Gulledge, Jr., N. Womer (1989), “A Method of Repricing Aircraft Pro-curement,” Operations Research, Vol. 37, pp. 255–265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Bemis, J. (1981), “A Model for Examining the Cost Implications of Production Rate,” Concepts, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 84–94.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Boger, D., S. Liao (1990), “The Effects of Different Production Rate Measures and Cost Structures on Rate Adjustment Models,” in W. Greer, D. Nussbaum, editors, Cost Analysis and Estimating Tools and Techniques, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1990, pp. 82–98.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  7. Cheney, W. (1977), Strategic Implications of the Experience Curve Effect for Avionics Acquisition by the Department of Defense, Ph. D. Dissertation, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Cochran, E. (1960), “New Concepts of the Learning Curve,” Journal of Industrial Engineering,” Vol. 11, pp. 317–327.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Conway, R., A. Schultz (1959), “The Manufacturing Progress Function,” Journal of Industrial Engineering, 10, pp. 39–53.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Cox, L., J. Gansler (1981), “Evaluating the Impact of Quantity, Rate, and Competition,” Concepts, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 29–53.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Dorsett, J. (1990), “The Impacts of Production Rate on Weapon System Cost,” paper presented at the Joint Institute of Cost Analysis/National Estimating Society National Conference, Los Angeles, CA, June 20–22.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Gulledge, T., N. Womer (1986), The Economics of Made-to-Order Production, Springer-Verlag, New York, NY.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  13. Hirsch, W. (1952), “Manufacturing Progress Functions,” The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 34, pp. 143–155.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Large, J., H. Campbell, D. Cates (1976), Parametric Equations for Estimating Aircraft Airframe Costs, R-1693-1- PA&E, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Large, J., K. Hoffmayer, F. Kontrovich (1974), Production Rate and Production Cost, R-1609-PA&E, The RAND Corporaton, Santa Monica, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Levenson, G., et. al. (1971), Cost Estimating Relationships for Aircraft Airframes, R-761-PR, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Liao, S. (1988), “The Learning Curve: Wright’s Model vs. Crawford’s Model,” Issues in Accounting Education, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 302–315.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Linder, K., C. Wilbourn (1973), “The Effect of Production Rate on Recurring Missile Costs: A Theoretical Model,” Proceedings, Eighth Annual Department of Defense Cost Research Symposium, Airlie VA, compiled by Office of the Comptroller of the Navy, 276–300.

    Google Scholar 

  19. McCullough, J., S. Balut (1986), Defense Contractor Indirect Costs: Trends, 1973–1982, IDA P-1909, Institute for Defense Analysis, Alexandria, VA

    Google Scholar 

  20. Moses, O. (1990), Extensions to the Learning Curve: An Analysis of Factors Influencing Unit Cost of Weapon Systems, Naval Postgraduate School Technical Report, NPS-54-90-016, Monterey, CA

    Google Scholar 

  21. Pilling, D. (1989), Competition in Defense Procurement, The Brookings Institution, Washington DC, p. 35.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Smith, C. (1980), Production Rate and Weapon System Cost: Research Review, Case Studies, and Planning Model, APR080-05, U. S. Army Logistics Management Center, Fort Lee, VA

    Google Scholar 

  23. Smith, C. (1981), “Effect of Production Rate on Weapon System Cost,” Concepts, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 77–83.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Smith, L. (1976), An Investigation of Changes in Direct Labor Requirements Resulting From Changes in Airframe Production Rate, Ph. D. dissertation, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Smunt, T. (1986), “A Comparison of Learning Curve Analysis and Moving Average Ratio Analysis for Detailed Operational Planning,” Decision Sciences, Vol. 17, No. 4, Fall, pp. 475–494.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Washburn, A (1972), “The Effects of Discounting Profits in the Presence of Learning in the Optimization of Production Rates,” AIIE Transactions, 4, pp. 255–313.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Wetherill, G. (1986), Regression Analysis with Applications, Chapman and Hall, New York.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  28. Womer, N. (1979), “Learning Curves, Production Rate and Program Costs,” Management Science, Vol. 25, No. 4, April, pp. 312–319.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  29. Wright, T. (1936), “Factors Affecting the Cost of Airplanes,” Journal of Aeronautical Sciences, Vol. 3, pp. 122–128.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Yelle, L. (1979), “The Learning Curve: Historical Review and Comprehensive Survey,” Decision Sciences, Vol. 10, No. 2, April, pp. 302–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this paper

Cite this paper

Moses, O.D. (1991). Learning Curve and Rate Adjustment Models: Comparative Prediction Accuracy Under Varying Conditions. In: Kankey, R., Robbins, J. (eds) Cost Analysis and Estimating. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3202-5_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3202-5_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7831-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-3202-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics