Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Prolactin Receptors in the Nervous and Immune Systems

  • Chapter
Neuroendocrine Perspectives

Part of the book series: Neuroendocrine Perspectives ((NEUROENDOCRINE,volume 9))

Abstract

Prolactin, an anterior pituitary hormone with a multitude of roles and sites of action, is produced in lactrotrophs and is one of a family of four to six somatomammotropic hormones. A great diversity of functions has been ascribed to prolactin in many different species. Of particular recent importance has been the emergence of substantial evidence indicating that prolactin acts as a modulator of the immune response in mammals (1,2; see also Carr, this volume). Furthermore, prolactin has been identified in various areas of the brain and appears to play a role in neural function. Thus, prolactin appears to function as an immunomodulator and may in fact influence some events within the nervous system of mammals. It is very likely that bidirectional communication exists between the nervous and immune systems (3), and prolactin seems to play an important role in this process.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Russell DH (1989) New aspects of prolactin and immunity: a lymphocyte-derived prolactin-like product and nuclear protein kinase C. Trends Pharmacol Sci 10: 40–44

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Russell DH (1988) Prolactin and immunomodulation. In: Hoshino K (ed) Prolactin Gene Family and its Receptors. New York: Elsevier Science Publishers: pp 155–165

    Google Scholar 

  3. Blalock JE (1988) Neuroendocrine peptide hormones in the immune system. Prog NeuroEndocrinImmunol 1(1): 9–15

    Google Scholar 

  4. Fuxe K, Hökfelt T, Eneroth P, Gustafsson JA, Skett P (1977) Prolactin-like immunoreactivity: localization in nerve terminals of rat hypothalamus. Science 196: 899–900

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Toubeau G, Desclin J, Parmentier M, Pasteeis JL (1979) Cellular localization of a prolactin-like antigen in the rat brain. J Endocrinol 83: 261–266

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Toubeau G, Desclin J, Pannentier N, Pasteeis JL (1979) Compared localizations of prolactin-like and adrenocorticotropin immunoreactivities within the brain of the rat. Neuroendocrinology 29: 374–384

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. DeVito WJ (1988) Distribution of immunoreactive prolactin in the male and female rat brain: effects of hypophysectomy and intraventricular administration of colchicine. Neuroendocrinology 47: 284–289

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Ekman R, Håkanson R, Larsson I, Sundler F, Thorell JI (1982) Radioimmunoassay of pro-γ-melanotropin, the ammo-terminal fragment of proopiolipomelanocortin. Endocrinology 111: 578–583

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Emanuele N, Hagen T, Beer C, Martinson D, Gout P, Baker G, Kirsteins L, Lawrence AM (1984) Brain prolactin: characterization by RIA, gel chromatography, and bioassay. 7th International Congress of Endocrinology, Quebec, Canada, 1984: Abstract 416

    Google Scholar 

  10. Krieger DT (1980) Pituitary hormones in the brain: what is their function? Fed Proc 39: 2937–2941

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Mazzi V (1980) Prolactin regulation: a comparative survey. Memorie Acad Sci Torino, I CI Sci Fis Mat Nat, Ser V. 4: 3–39

    Google Scholar 

  12. van Houten M, Posner BI, Walsh RJ (1980) Radioaudiographic identification of lactogenic binding sites in rat median eminence using 125I-human growth hormone: evidence for a prolactin “short-loop” feedback site. Exp Brain Res 38: 455–461

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. DiCarlo R, Muccioli G (1981) Presence of specific PRL binding sites in the rabbit hypothalamus. Life Sci 28: 2299–2307

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Voogt JL (1987) Actions of prolactin in the brain. In: Rillema JA (ed) Actions of Prolactin on Molecular Processes. Boca Raton: CRC Press: pp 27–40

    Google Scholar 

  15. Martensz ND, Herbert J (1982) Relationship between prolactin in the serum and cerbrospinal fluid of ovariectomized female rhesus monkeys. Neuroscience 7: 2801–2812

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Beckford U, Herbert J, Jones MT, Martensz ND, Nicholson SA, Gillham B, Hamer JD (1985) Relationship between adrenocorticotropin bioactivity in blood and cerebrospinal fluid of rhesus monkeys. J Endocrinol 104: 331–338

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Emanuele NV, Metcalfe L, Wallock L, Tentler J, Hagen TC, Beer CT, Martinson D, Gout PW, Kirsteins L, Lawrence AM (1987) Extrahypothalamic brain prolactin: characterization and evidence for independence from pituitary prolactin. Brain Res 421: 255–262

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Bergland RM, Page RB (1978) Can the pituitary secrete directly to the brain? (Affirmative anatomical evidence). Endocrinology 102: 1325–1338

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Bergland RM, Davis SL, Page RB (1977) Pituitary secretes to brain. Lancet ii: 276–278

    Google Scholar 

  20. Buntin JD, Ruzycki E (1987) Characteristics of prolactin binding sites in the brain of the ring dove (Streptopelia risoria). Gen Comp Endocrinol 65: 243–253

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Hansen BL, Hansen GN (1982) Immunocytochemical demonstration of somatotropin-like and prolactin-like activity in the brain of Calamoichthys calabaricus (Actinopterygii). Cell Tissue Res 222: 615–627

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Pfaff D, Keiner M (1973) Atlas of estradiol-concentrating cells in the central nervous system of the female rat. J Comp Neurol 151: 121–158

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Hansen BL, Hansen GN, Hagen C (1982) Immunoreactive material resembling ovine prolactin in perikarya and nerve terminals of the rat hypothalamus. Cell Tissue Res 226: 121–131

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. DeVito WJ, Connors JM, Hedge GA (1987) Immunoreactive prolactin in the rat hypothalamus: In vitro release and subcellular localization. Neuroendocrinology 46: 155–161

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Barbanel G, Ixart G, Arancibia S, Assenmacher I (1986) Probable extrapituitary source of the immunoreactive prolactin measured in the cerebrospinal fluid of unanesthetized rats by push-pull cannulation of the 3rd ventricle. Neuroendocrinology 43: 476–482

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Schachter BS, Durgerian S, Harlan RE, Pfaff DW, Shivers BD (1984) Prolactin mRNA exists in rat hypothalamus. Endocrinology 114: 1947–1949

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Harlan RE, Shivers BD, Fox SR, Kaplove KA, Schachter BS, Pfaff DW (1989) Distribution and partial characterization of immunoreactive prolactin in the rat brain. Neuroendocrinology 49: 7–22

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Stumpf WE, Sar M, Keefer DA (1975) Atlas of estrogen target cells in rat brain. In: Stumpf WE, Grant LD (eds) Anatomical Neuroendocrinology. Basel: Karger: pp 104–119

    Google Scholar 

  29. Shivers BD, Harlan RE, Pfaff DW (1989) A subset of neurons containing immunoreactive prolactin is a target for estrogen regulation of gene expression in rat hypothalamus. Neuroendocrinology 49: 23–27

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Nishizuka M, Shivers BD, Leranth C, Pfaff DW (1990) Ultrastructural characterization of prolactin-like immunoreactivity in rat medial basal hypothalamus. Neuroendocrinology 51: 249–254

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Leranth C, Sakamoto H, MacLusky NJ, Shanabrough M, Naftolin F (1985) Intrinsic typrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactive axons synapse with TH immunopositive neurons in the rat arcuate nucleus. Brain Res 331: 371–375

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Emanuele NV, Metcalfe L, Lubrano T, Rubinstein H, Kirsteins L, Lawrence AM (1987) Subcellular distribution of hypothalamic prolactin-like immunoreactivity. Brain Res 407: 223–229

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Harlan RE, Shivers BD, Pfaff DW (1983) Midbrain microinfusions of prolactin increase the estrogen-dependent behavior, lordosis. Science 219: 1451–1453

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Nicoli CS (1984) Physiological actions of prolactin. In: Handbook of Physiology, Sect 7, Endocrinology. Washington: American Physiology Society: pp 253–292

    Google Scholar 

  35. DiCarlo R, Muccioli G, Lando D, Bellussi G (1985) Further evidence for the presence of specific binding sites for prolactin in the rabbit brain: preferential distribution in the hypothalamus and substantia nigra. Life Sci 36: 375–382

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Posner BI, van Houten M, Patel B, Walsh RJ (1983) Characterization of lactogen binding sites in choroid plexus. Exp Brain Res 49: 300–306

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Walsh RJ, Posner BI, Kopriwa BM, Brawer JR (1978) Prolactin binding sites in the rat brain. Science 201: 1041–1043

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Walsh RJ, Posner BI, Patel B (1984) Binding and uptake of [125I] iodoprolactin by epithelial cells of the rat choroid plexux: An in vivo autoradiographic analysis. Endocrinology 114: 1496–1505

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Dube DP, Kelly PA, Pelletier G (1980) Comparative localization of prolactin binding sites in different rat tissues by immunohistochemistry, radioautography, and radioreceptor assay. Mol Cell Endocrinol 18: 109–122

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Muccioli G, Bellussi G, Ghe C, Pagnini G, DiCarlo R (1988) Regional distribution and species variation of prolactin binding sites in the brain. Gen Comp Endocrinol 69: 399–405

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Shiu RPC, Friesen HG (1974) Properties of a prolactin receptor from the rabbit mammary gland. Biochem J 140: 301–311

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Silverstein AM, Richards JF (1979) Characterization of prolactin binding by membrane preparations from rat liver. Biochem J 178: 743–751

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Drago F, Bohus B, Canonico PL, Scapagnini U (1981) Prolactin induces grooming in the rat: possible involvement of nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 15: 61–63

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Fuxe K, Andersson K, Hökfelt T, Agnati LF (1978) Prolactin-monoamine interactions in the rat brain and their importance in regulation of LH and prolactin secretion. In: Robin C, Harter M (eds) Progress in Prolactin Physiology and Pathology. Amsterdam: Elsevier: pp 95–109

    Google Scholar 

  45. Gudelski GA, Moore KE (1977) A comparison of the effects of haloperidol on dopamine turnover in the striatum, olfactory tubercle, and median eminence. J Pharm Exp Ther 202: 149–156

    Google Scholar 

  46. Annunziato L (1979) Regulation of the tuberoinfundibular and nigrostriatal systems. Neuroendocrinology 29: 66–76

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Bridges R, DiBiase R, Loundes DD, Doherty PC (1985) Prolactin stimulation of maternal behavior in female rats. Science 227: 782–784

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Bybee D, Nakawatase C, Szabo M, Frohman LA (1983) Inhibitory feedback effects of prolactin on its secretion involve central nervous system dopaminergic mediation. Neuroendocrinology 36: 26–32

    Google Scholar 

  49. Login IS, MacLeod RM (1977) Prolactin in human and rat serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Brain Res 132: 477–483

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Pollay M (1974) Transport mechanisms in the choroid plexus. Fed Proc 33: 2064–2069

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Clemens JA, Gallo RV, Whitmoyer DI, Sawyer CH (1971) Prolactin responsive neurons in the rabbit hypothalamus. Brain Res 25: 371–379

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Yamada Y (1975) Effects of iontophoretically-applied prolactin on unit activity of the rat brain. Neuroendocrinology 18: 362–371

    Google Scholar 

  53. Walsh RJ, Slaby FJ, Posner BI (1987) A receptor-mediated mechanism for the transport of prolactin from blood to cerebrospinal fluid. Endocrinology 120: 1846–1850

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Barton AC, Lahti RA, Piercey MF, Moore KE (1989) Autoradiographic identification of prolactin binding sites in rat median eminence. Neuroendocrinology 49: 649–653

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Koch Y, Chow YF, Meites J (1971) Metabolic clearance and secretion rates of prolactin in the rat. Endocrinology 89: 1301–1308

    Google Scholar 

  56. Alonso G, Siaud P, Faivre-Sarrailh C, Grouselle D, Barbanel G, Assenmacher I (1988) Axons containing a prolactin-like peptide project into the perivascular layer of the median eminence: an immunocyto-chemical light and electron microscope study in adult and infant rats. Neuroendocrinology 48: 39–44

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Frawley LS, Clark CL (1986) Ovine prolactin (PRL) and dopamine preferentially inhibit PRL release from the same subpopulation of rat mammatropes. Endocrinology 119: 1462–1466

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Herbert DC, Ishikawa H, Rennels EG (1979) Evidence for the autoregulation of hormone secretion by prolactin. Endocrinology 104: 97–100

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Kadowaki J, Ku N, Oetting WS, Walker AM (1984) Mammotroph autoregulation: uptake of secreted prolactin and inhibition of secretion. Endocrinology 114: 2060–2067

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Melmed S, Carlson HE, Hershman JM (1980) Autofeedback of prolactin in cultured prolactin-secreting pituitary cells. Hormone Res 12: 340–347

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Spies HG, Clegg MT (1971) Pituitary as a possible site of prolactin feedback in autoregulation. Neuroendocrinology 8: 205–212

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Gudelsky GA, Porter JC (1980) Release of dopamine from tuberoinfundibular neurons into pituitary stalk blood after prolactin or haloperidol administration. Endocrinology 106: 526–529

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Hökfelt J, Fuxe K (1972) Effects of prolactin and ergot alkaloids on the tuberoinfundibular dopamine (DA) neuron. Neuroendocrinology 9: 100–122

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. MacLeod RM (1976) Regulation of prolactin secretion. In: Ganong WF, Martini L (eds) Neuroendocrinology. New York: Raven Press: pp 169–194

    Google Scholar 

  65. Muccioli G, Papotti M, DiCarlo R, Genazzani E (1989) Prolactin receptors in the choroid plexus of non-mammalian and mammalian species. Pharmacol Res 21: 95–96

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Clemens JA, Sawyer BD (1974) Identification of prolactin in cerebrospinal fluid. Exp Brain Res 21: 399–402

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Landa S, Thompson SA, Lewis R, Stamler JF, Raizada MK, Phillips MI (1982) Uptake of prolactin from cerebrospinal fluid in rat brain. Neuropeptides 3: 173–179

    Google Scholar 

  68. Riddle O, Bates RW, Lahr EL (1935) Prolactin induces broodiness in fowl. Am J Physiol 111: 352–360

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Lehrman DS (1955) The physiological basis of parental feeding behavior in the ring dove (Streptopelia risoria). Behaviour 7: 241–286

    Google Scholar 

  70. Blum V, Fiedler K (1965) Hormonal control of reproductive behavior in some species of cichlid fish. Gen Comp Endocrinol 5: 186–196

    Google Scholar 

  71. Opel H (1971) Induction of incubation behavior in the hen by brain implants of prolactin. Poult Sci 50: 1613

    Google Scholar 

  72. Buntin JD, Tesch D (1985) Effects of intracranial prolactin administration on maintenance of incubation readiness, ingestive behavior, and gonadal condition in ring doves. Horm Behav 19: 188–203

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Janik DS, Buntin JD (1985) Behavioral and physiological effects of prolactin in incubating ring doves. J Endocrinol 105: 201–209

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Vowles DM, Harwood D (1966) The effect of exogenous hormones on aggressive and defensive behavior in the ring dove (Streptopelia risoria). J Endocrinol 36: 35–51

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Buntin JD, Walsh RJ (1988) In vivo autoradiographic analysis of prolactin binding in brain and choroid plexus of the domestic ring dove. Cell Tissue Res 251: 105–109

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Muccioli G, Guardabassi A, Pattono P (1990) Biochemical study of prolactin binding sites in Xenopus laevis brain and choroid plexus. J Exp Zool 253: 311–318

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Guardabassi A, Muccioli G, Pattono P, Bellussi G (1987) Prolactin binding sites in Xenopus laevis tissues: comparison between normal and dehydrated animals. Gen Comp Endocrinol 65: 40–47

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Muccioli G, Guardabassi A, Pattono P, Genazzani E (1989) Further study on the changes in the concentration of prolactin binding sites in different organs of Xenopus laevis male and female, kept under dry conditions and then returned to water (their natural habitat). Gen Comp Endocrinol 74: 411–417

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Masuzawa T, Sato F (1983) The enzyme histochemistry of the choroid plexus. Brain 106: 55–99

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Masuzawa T, Ohta T, Kawakami K, Sato F (1985) Immunocytochemical localization of Na+, K+-ATPase in the canine choroid plexus. Brain 108: 625–646

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Keep RF, Cawkwell RD, Jones HC (1987) Choroid plexus structure and function in young rats on a high potassium diet. Brain Res 413: 45–52

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Allsop TF (1986) Transfer of magnesium across the perfused choroid plexus of sheep. Aust J Biol Sci 39: 161–169

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Saito Y, Wright EM (1987) Regulation of intracellular chloride in bullfrog choroid plexus. Brain Res 417: 267–272

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. DiCarlo R, Muccioli G, Ghe C, Bellussi G, Ravetti D, Genazzani E (1988) Phosphatidylserine activity on prolactin brain receptors in aged rabbits. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiat 12: 915–926

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Cimino M, Vantini G, Algeri S, Curatola G, Pezzoli G, Stramentinoli G (1984) Age-related modification of dopaminergic and β-adrenergic receptor system: restoration to normal activity by modifying membrane fluidity with S-adenosylmethionine. Life Sci 34: 2029–2039

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Shinitzky M, Heron DS, Samuel MD (1983) Restoration of membrane fluidity and serotonin receptors in the aged mouse brain. In: Samuel MD, Algeri S, Gershon S, Grimm VE, Toffano G (eds) Aging of the Brain. New York: Raven Press: pp 329–337

    Google Scholar 

  87. Muccioli G, Ghe C, DiCarlo R (1985) Drug-induced membrane modifications differentially affect prolactin and insulin binding in the mouse liver. Pharmacol Res Commun 17: 883–895

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Dave JR, Knazek RA, Liu SC (1981) Arachidonic acid, bradykinin and phospholipase A2 modify both prolactin binding capacity and fluidity of mouse hepatic membranes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 103: 727–738

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Calderini G, Aporti F, Bellini F, Bonetti AC, Rubini R, Teolato S, Xu C, Zanotti A, Toffano G (1985) Phospholipids as pharmacological tools in the aging brain. In: Horrocks L, Toffano G, Frysz L (eds), Phospholipids in the Nervous System. New York: Raven Press: pp 11–19

    Google Scholar 

  90. Muccioli G, DiCarlo R (1989) S-adenosyl-L-methionine restores prolactin receptors in the aged rabbit brain. Eur J Pharmacol 166: 223–230

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Dave JR (1987) Prolactin regulation of membrane fluidity and prostaglandin formation. In: Rillema JA (ed), Actions of Prolactin on Molecular Processes. Boca Raton: CRC Press: pp 69–106

    Google Scholar 

  92. Loh HH, Law PY (1980) The role of membrane lipids in receptor mechanisms. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 20: 201–234

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Hirata F, Axelrod J (1980) Phospholipid methylation and biological signal transmission. Science 209: 1082–1090

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Smith PE (1930) The effect of hypophysectomy upon the involution of the thymus in the rat. Anat Rec 47: 119–129

    Google Scholar 

  95. Pierpaoli W, Sorkin E (1967) Relationship between thymus and hypophysis. Nature 215: 834–837

    Google Scholar 

  96. Pierpaoli W, Sorkin E (1968) Hormones and immunologic capacity. J Immunol 101: 1036–1043

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Cross RJ, Markesbery WR, Brooks WH, Roszman TL (1980) Hypothalamic-immune interactions. I. The acute effect of anterior hypothalamic lesions on the immune response. Brain Res 196: 79–87

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Brooks WH, Cross RJ, Roszman TL, Markesbery WR (1982) Neuroimmunomodulation: neural anatomical basis for impairment and facilitation. Ann Neurol 12: 56–61

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Cross RJ, Roszman TL, Markesbery WR, Brooks WH (1982) Hypothalamic-immune interactions. II. Effect of hypophysectomy on neuroimmunodulation. J Neurol Sci 53: 557

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Duquesnoy RJ, Kalpaktsoglou PK, Good RA (1970) Immunological studies of the Snell-Bagg pituitary dwarf mouse. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 133: 201–206

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Berczi I (1986) Pituitary malfunction and immune abnormalities. In: Berczi I (ed) Pituitary Function and Immunity. Boca Raton: CRC Press: pp 42–48

    Google Scholar 

  102. Berczi I, Nagy E (1986) Prolactin and other lactogenic hormones. In: Berczi I (ed) Pituitary Function and Immunity. Boca Raton: CRC Press: pp 161–184

    Google Scholar 

  103. Adler RA (1986) The anterior pituitary-grafted rat: a valid model of chronic hyperprolactinemia. Endocrine Rev 7: 302–306

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Chen HW, Meier H, Heiniger HJ, Huebner RJ (1972) Tumorigenesis in strain DW/J mice and induction by prolactin of the group-specific antigen of endogenous C-type RNA tumor virus. J Natl Cancer Inst 49: 1145–1154

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Nagy E, Berczi I, Friesen HG (1983) Regulation of immunity in rats by lactogenic and growth hormones. Acta Endocrinol 102: 351–357

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Spangelo BL, Hall NRS, Ross PC, Goldstein AL (1987) Stimulation of in vivo antibody production and concanavalin-A-induced mouse spleen cell mitogenesis by prolactin. Immunopharmacology 14: 11–20

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Hiestand PC, Mekler P, Nordmann R, Glieder A, Permmongkol C (1986) Prolactin as a modulator of lymphocyte responsiveness provides a possible mechanism of action for cyclosporin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 2599–2603

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Bernton EW, Meltzer MS, Holaday JW (1988) Suppression of macrophage activation and T-lymphocyte function in hypoprolactinemic mice. Science 239: 401–404

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Montgomery DW, Zukoski CF, Shah GN, Buckley AR, Pacholczyk T, Russell DH (1987) Concanavalin A-stimulated murine splenocytes produce a factor with prolactin-like bioactivity and immunoreactivity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 145: 692–698

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Shah GN, Montgomery DW, Sredzinski JA, Russell DH (1988) Characterization of a novel prolactin synthesized by immunologically stimulated lymphocytes. FASEB J 2: A528 (abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  111. Borst DW, Sayare M (1982) Photoactivated cross-linking of prolactin to hepatic membrane binding sites. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 105: 194–201

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Katoh M, Dijiane J, Kelly PA (1985) Prolactin-binding components in rabbit mammary gland: characterization by partial purification and affinity labelling. Endocrinology 116: 2612–2620

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Okamura H, Raguet S, Bell A, Gagnon J, Kelly PA (1989) Purification and protein sequence analysis of rat liver prolactin receptor. J Biol Chem 264: 5904–5911

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Yamada K, Dormer DB (1984) Structures of the somatotropin receptor and prolactin receptor on rat hepatocytes characterized by affinity labelling. Biochem J 220: 361–369

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Ashkenazi A, Madar Z, Gertler A (1987) Partial purification and characterization of bovine mammary gland prolactin receptor. Mol Cell Endocrinol 50: 79–87

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Webb CF, Wallis M (1988) A comparison of lactogenic receptor from the rat liver and Nb2 rat lymphoma cells by using cross-linking techniques. Biochem J 250: 215–219

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Katoh M, Raguet S, Zachwieja J, Djiane J, Kelly PA (1987) Hepatic prolactin receptors in the rat: characterization using monoclonal antireceptor antibodies. Endocrinology 120: 739–749

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Kelly PA, Okamura H, Zachwieja J, Raguet S, Gould D, Boutin JM, Jolicoeur CM, Melancon R, Djiane J (1988) Development and uses of monoclonal antibodies to the prolactin receptor. In: Bresciani F, King RJB, Lippman ME, Raynaud JP (eds) Progress in Cancer Research and Therapy, Vol 35, Hormones and Cancer. New York: Raven Press: pp 75–80

    Google Scholar 

  119. Okamura H, Zachwieja J, Raguet S, Kelly PA (1989) Characterization and application of monoclonal antibodies to the prolactin receptor. Endocrinology 124: 2499–2508

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Jaffe RC (1982) Hydrodynamic characterization of the Triton X-100 solubilized lactogenic receptor of rat liver. Biochem 21: 2936–2939

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Costlow ME, Gallagher PE (1977) Concanavalin A induced alterations in labelled prolactin binding. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 77: 905–911

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Savoie S, Rindress D, Posner BI, Bergeron JJM (1986) Tunicamycin sensitivity of prolactin, insulin and epidermal growth factor receptors in rat liver plasmalemma. Mol Cell Endocrinol 45: 241–246

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Posner BI, Verma AK, Patel BA, Bergeron JJM (1982) Effect of cochicine on uptake of prolactin and insulin into Golgi fractions of rat liver. J Cell Biol 93: 560–567

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Posner BI, Josefsberg Z, Bergeron JJM (1979) Intracellular polypeptide hormone receptors: characterization and induction of lactogen receptors in the Golgi apparatus of rat liver. J Biol Chem 254: 12494–12499

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Khan MN, Posner BI, Verma AN, Khan RJ, Bergeron JJM (1981) Intracellular hormone receptors: evidence for insulin and lactogen receptors in a unique vesicle sedimenting in lysosome fractions of rat liver. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78: 4980–4984

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Buckley AR, Crowe PD, Russell DH (1988) Rapid activation of protein kinase C in isolated rat liver nuclei by prolactin, a known hepatic mitogen. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 8649–8653

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Russell DH, Zorn NE, Buckley AR, Crowe PD, Sauro MD, Hadden EM, Farese RV, Laird HE (1990) Prolactin and known immunomodulators of rat splenocytes activate nuclear protein kinase C. Eur J Pharmacol (Mol Pharmacol Sect) 188: 139–152

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Boutin JM, Jolicoeur C, Okamura H, Gagnon J, Edery M, Shirota M, Banville D, Dusanter-Fourt I, Djiane J, Kelly PA (1988) Cloning and expression of the rat prolactin receptor, a member of the growth hormone/prolactin receptor gene family. Cell 53: 69–77

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Cosman D, Lyman SD, Idzerda RL, Beckmann MP, Park LS, Goodwin RG, March CJ (1990) A new cytokine receptor superfamily. Trends Biochem Sci 15: 265–270

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Russell DH, Matrisian L, Kibler R, Larson DF, Poulos B, Magun BE (1984) Prolactin receptors on human lymphocytes and their modulation by cyclosporine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 121: 899–906

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Russell DH, Kibler R, Matrisian L, Larson DF, Poulos B, Magun BE (1985) Prolactin receptors on human T and B lymphocytes: antagonism of prolactin binding by cyclosporine. J Immunol 134: 3027–3031

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Russell DH, Larson DF (1985) Prolactin-induced polyamine biosynthesis in spleen and thymus: specific inhibition by cyclosporine. Immunopharmacology 9: 165–174

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Russell DH, Kibler R, Matrisian L, Larson DF, Poulos B, Magun BE (1985) Prolactin receptors on rat lymphoid tissues and on human T-and B-lymphocytes: antagonism of prolactin binding by cyclosporine. In: MacLeod RM, Thorner MO, Scapagnini U (eds) Prolactin: Basic and Clinical Corrolates. Padova, Italy: Liviana Press: pp 375–384

    Google Scholar 

  134. Richards JF (1975) Ornithine decarboxylase activity in tissues of prolactin-treated rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 63: 292–299

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Russell DH, Snyder SH (1968) Amine synthesis in rapidly growing tissues: ornithine decarboxylase activity in regenerating rat liver, chick embryo and and various tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 60: 1420–1427

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Russell DH (1985) Ornithine decarboxylase: a key regulatory enzyme in normal and neoplastic growth. Drug Metab Rev 16: 1–88

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Bern HA, Nicoli CS (1968) The comparative endocrinology of prolactin. Recent Prog Hormone Res 24: 681–720

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Russell DH, Larson DF, Cardon SB, Copeland JG (1984) Cyclosporine inhibits prolactin induction of ornithine decarboxylase in rat tissues. Mol Cell Endocrinol 35: 159–166

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Buckley AR, Montgomery DW, Kibler R, Putnam CW, Zukoski CF, Gout PW, Beer CT, Russell DH (1986) Prolactin stimulation of ornithine decarboxylase and mitogenesis in Nb2 node lymphoma cells: the role of protein kinase C and calcium mobilization. Immunopharmacology 12: 37–51

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Kelly KW, Brief S, Westly HJ, Novakofski J, Bechtel PJ, Simon J, Walker EB (1986) GH3 pituitary adenoma cells can reverse thymic aging in rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 5663–5667

    Google Scholar 

  141. Hartmann DP, Holaday JW, Bernton EW (1989) Inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation by antibodies to prolactin. FASEB J 3: 2194–2202

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Russell DH, Mills KT, Talamantes FJ, Bern HA (1988) Neonatal administration of prolactin antiserum alters the developmental pattern of T-and B-lymphocytes in the thymus and spleen of BALB/c female mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 7404–7407

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Nagy E, Berczi I, Wren GE, Asa SL, Kovacs K (1983) Immunomodulation by bromocryptine. Immunopharmacology 6: 231–243

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Berczi I, Nagy E, Kovacs K, Horvath E (1981) Regulation of humoral immunity in rats by pituitary hormones. Acta Endocrinol 98: 506–513

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Gerii R, Rambotti P, Nicoletti I, Orlandi S, Migliorati G, Riccardi C (1986) Reduced number of natural killer cells in patients with pathological hyperprolactinemia. Clin Exp Immunol 64: 399–406

    Google Scholar 

  146. Mukherjee P, Mastro AM, Hymer WC (1990) Prolactin induction of interleukin 2 receptors on rat splenic lymphocytes. Endocrinology 126: 88–94

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Clevenger CV, Russell DH, Appasamy PM, Prystowsky MB (1990) Regulation of IL-2-driven T-lymphocyte proliferation by prolactin. Proc Nati Acad Sci USA 87: 6461–6464

    Google Scholar 

  148. Too CKL, Murphy PR, Friesen HG (1989) G-proteins modulate prolactin-and interleukin-2-stimulated mitogenesis in rat Nb2 lymphoma cells. Endocrinology 124: 2185–2192

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Hafez MM, Costlow ME (1989) Phosphatidylethanolamine turnover is an early event in the response of Nb2 lymphoma cells to prolactin. Exp Cell Res 184: 37–43

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Rasmussen H, Tanaka Y, Park S (1987) Protein kinase C in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction. FASEB J 1: 177–185

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Nishizuka Y (1984) Turnover of inositol phospholipids and signal transduction. Science 255: 1365–1370

    Google Scholar 

  152. Castagna M, Takai Y, Kaibuchi K, Sano K, Kikkawa U, Nishizuka Y (1982) Direct activation of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase by tumor-promoting phorbol esters. J Biol Chem 257: 7847–7851

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Cooper DR, Konda TS, Standaert ML, Davis JS, Pollet RJ, Farese RV (1987) Insulin increases membrane and cytosolic protein kinase C activity in BC3H-1 myocytes. J Biol Chem 262: 3633–3639

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Ahlner J, Axelson KL, Karlsson JG, Anderson RG (1988) Glyceryl trinitrate inhibits phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis and protein kinase C activity in bovine mesenteric artery. Life Sci 43: 1241–1248

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Sauro MD, Buckley AR, Russell DH, Fitzpatrick DF (1989) Prolactin stimulation of protein kinase C activity in rat aortic smooth muscle. Life Sci 44: 1787–1792

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Gertler A, Walker A, Friesen HG (1985) Enhancement of human growth hormone-stimulated mitogenesis of Nb2 node lymphoma cells by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate. Endocrinology 116: 1636–1644

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. King KL, Napier MA, Cronin, MJ, Johnson RM (1990) Growth hormone and prolactin stimulate the formation of sn-1,2-diacylglycerol in rat hepatocytes. Endocrine Society, 72nd Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA: Abstract 404

    Google Scholar 

  158. Burwen SJ, Jones AL (1987) The association of polypeptide hormones and growth factors with the nuclei of target cells. Trends Biochem Sci 12: 159–162

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Capitani S, Girard PR, Mazzei GJ, Kuo JF, Berezney R, Manzoli FA (1987) Immunochemical characterization of protein kinase C in rat liver nuclei and subnuclear fractions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 142: 367–375

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Masmoudi A, Labourdette G, Mersel M, Huang FL, Huang KP, Vincendon G, Malviya AN (1989) Protein kinase C localized in rat liver nuclei. J Biol Chem 264: 1172–1179

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. Rogue P, Labourdette G, Masmoudi A, Yashida Y, Huang FL, Huang KP, Vincendon G, Malviya AN (1990) Rat liver nuclei protein kinase C is the isozyme type II. J Biol Chem 265: 4161–4165

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. Ganguli S, Hu LB, Menke PT, Freeman JJ, Collier RJ, Gertler A (1990) Prolactin induces calcium flux and rapid translocation of protein kinase C (PKC) to the nucleus in Nb2 lymphoma cells. Endocrine Society, 72nd Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA: Abstract 268

    Google Scholar 

  163. Yu-Lee L (1990) Prolactin stimulates transcription of growth-related genes in Nb2 T lymphoma cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 68: 21–28

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Nancy E. Zorn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Marie D. Sauro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, University of Milan School of Medicine, 20129, Milan, Italy

    Eugenio E. Müller

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA

    Robert M. MacLeod

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Zorn, N.E., Sauro, M.D. (1991). Prolactin Receptors in the Nervous and Immune Systems. In: Müller, E.E., MacLeod, R.M. (eds) Neuroendocrine Perspectives. Neuroendocrine Perspectives, vol 9. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3146-2_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3146-2_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7813-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-3146-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation