Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Acute Effects with the Leg Exerciser System: The Physiological Process

  • Chapter
Functional Electrical Rehabilitation

  • 94 Accesses

Abstract

During normal, voluntary activity, strength and endurance are trained by two different mechanisms. For example, progressive resistance exercise is used to train for muscular strength (Muller, 1932). This type of exercise involves lifting weights at a very slow rate up and down. The rate is one important variable, while the second is the amount of weight that is lifted. To optimize this type of training, the weight must be approximately 50% of the person’s maximum voluntary strength. When this weight can be handled, strength builds quite rapidly. This type of training is used to cause muscular hypertrophy and to increase the strength of muscle for weight lifters. It does not, however, train for muscle endurance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Astrand, P.O., and Rodahl, K.: Textbook of Work Physiol-ogy, 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barcroft, H., and Millen, J.L.E. The blood flow through muscle during sustained contractions. J. Physiol. 97: 17–31, 1939.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, M.D., Cotter, M.A., Hudlicka, O., and Vrbova, G. The effects of different patterns of muscle activity on capillary density, mechanical properties and structure of slow and fast rabbit muscles. Pfluegers Arch. 361: 241–248, 1976.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coote, J.H., Hilton, S.M., and Perez-Gonzalez, J.F. The reflex nature of the pressor response to muscular exercise. J. Physiol. 215: 789–804, 1971.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Corbett, J.L., Frankel, H.L., and Harris, P.J. Cardiovascular changes associated with skeletal muscle spasms in tetraplegic man. J. Physiol. 215: 381–387, 1971.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freyschuss, U. Elicitation of heart rate and blood pressure increase on muscle contraction. J. Appl. Physiol. 28: 758–761, 1970.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guttmann, L. Spinal Cord Injuries: Comprehensive Management and Research, 2nd ed. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holle, J., Frey, M., Gruber, H., Kern, H., Stohr, H., and Thoma, H. Functional electrostimulation of paraplegics. Orthopedics, 7: 1145–1155, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hudlicka, O., Brown, M., Cotter, M., Smith, M., and Vrbova, G. The effect of long-term stimulation of fast muscles on their blood flow, metabolism and ability to withstand fatigue. Pfluegers Arch. 369: 141–147, 1977.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lind, A.R., McNicol, G.W., and Donald, K.W. Circulatory adjustments to sustained muscular activity. Physical Activity in Health and Disease. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malezic, M., Stanic, U., Kljajic, M., Acimovic, R., Krajnikj, Gros, N., and Stopac, M. Multichannel electrical stimulation of gait in motor disabled patients. Orthopedics, 7: 1187–1195, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marsolais, E.B., and Kobetic, R. Functional walking of paralyzed patients by means of electrical stimulation. In Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Conference on Rehabilitation Engineering, Houston, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCloskey, D.I., and Mitchell, J.H. Reflex cardiovascular and respiratory responses originating in exercising muscle. J. Physiol. 224: 173–186, 1972.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muller, E.A. Das Arbeitsmaximum bei statischer Haltearbeit. Arbeitsphysiologie, 5: 605, 1932.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peckham, P.H., Mortimer, J.T., and Van Der Muelen, J.P. Physiologic and metabolic changes in white muscle of cat following induced exercise. Brain Res. 50: 424, 1973.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peckham, P.H., Mortimer, J.T., and Marsolais, E.B. Alteration in the force and fatigability of skeletal muscle in quadriplegic humans following exercise induced by chronic electrical stimulation. Clin. Orthop. 114: 326, 1976.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Petrofsky, J.S., and Phillips, C.A. Constant velocity contractions in skeletal muscle of the cat. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 17: 583–592, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petrofsky, J.S., and Phillips, C.A. Computer controlled walking in the neurological paralyzed individual. J. Neurol. Orthop. Surg. 4: 153–164, 1983a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petrofsky, J.S., and Phillips, C.A. Active physical therapy—a modern approach to rehabilitation therapy. J. Neurol. Orthop. Surg. 4: 165–173, 1983b.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petrofsky, J.S., Rinehart, J.S., and Lind, A.R. Isometric strength and endurance in slow and fast muscles in the cat. Fed. Proc. 35: 291, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petrofsky, J.S., Phillips, C.A., Sawka, M., Hanpeter, D., and Weber, C. Mechanical, electrical and biochemical correlates of isometric fatigue in the cat. Adv. Physiol. Sci. 18: 229–236, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petrofsky, J.S., Phillips, C.A., Sawka, M., Hanpeter D., and Stafford, D. Blood flow and metabolism during isometric contractions in cat skeletal muscles. J. Appl. Physiol. 50: 493–502, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petrofsky, J.S., Heaton, H.H., Phillips, C.A., and Glaser, R.M. Modification of the Apple computer as an exercise device for paralyzed muscle. Coll. Micro-comput. 1: 97–104, 1983a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petrofsky, J.S., Phillips, C.A., and Heaton, H.H. Computer control of walking in paraplegic subjects. IEEE NAECON Record, 2: 1162–1171, 1983b.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petrofsky, J.S., Danset, P., and Phillips, C.A. Closed-loop control of skeletal muscle. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on System Engineering, paper WA3. 2, pp. 213–221, 1984a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petrofsky, J.S., Heaton, H.H., and Phillips, C.A. Leg exerciser for training paralyzed muscle by closed-loop control. Med Biol Eng. Comput. 22: 298–303, 1984b.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petrofsky, J.S., Phillips, C.A., and Heaton, H.H.: Feedback control system for walking in man. Comput. Biol. Med. 14: 135–149, 1984c.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pette, D., Smith, M.E., Staudte, H.W., and Vrbova, G. Effects of long-term electrical stimulation on some contractile and metabolic characteristics of fast rabbit muscles. Pfluegers Arch. 338: 257–272, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pette, D., Ramirez, B. and Mueller, W. et al. Influence of the intermittent long-term stimulation on contractile, histochemical and metabolic properties of fibre population in fast and slow rabbit muscles. Pfluegers Arch. 361: 1–7, 1975.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, C.A., and Petrofsky, J.S. Computer controlled movement of paralyzed muscle: The medical perspec-tive. Proceedings of the First Vienna Workshop on Functional Electrostimulation, paper 5. 2, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, C.A., Petrofsky, J.S., Hendershot, D.M., and Stafford, D. Functional electrical exercise: A comprehensive approach for physical conditioning for the spinal cord paralyzed individual. Orthopedics, 7: 1112–1123, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rack, P.M.H., and Westbury, D.R. The effects of length and stimulus rate on tension in the isometric cat soleus muscle. J. Physiol. 204: 443–460, 1969.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Riley, D.A., and Allin, E.F. The effects of inactivity, programmed stimulation, and denervation of the histochemistry of skeletal muscle fiber types. Exp. Neurol. 40: 391, 1973.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rohmert, W. Rechts-Links Vergleich bei isometrischem Arm Muskeltraining. Int. Z. Angew, Physiol. 26: 363–370, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salmons, S., and Vrbova, G. The influence of activity on some contractile characteristics of mammalian fast and slow muscles. J. Physiol. 201: 535, 1969.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simonson, E. Physiology of Work Capacity and Fatigue. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, IL, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vrbova, G. The effect of motor neurone activity on the speed of contraction of striate muscle. J. Physiol. 169: 513–526, 1963.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical and Human Factors Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science/School of Medicine, Wright State University, 45435, Dayton, OH, USA

    Chandler Allen Phillips M.D., P.E., Ph.D. (Hon.)

Authors
  1. Chandler Allen Phillips M.D., P.E., Ph.D. (Hon.)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Phillips, C.A. (1991). Acute Effects with the Leg Exerciser System: The Physiological Process. In: Functional Electrical Rehabilitation. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3096-0_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3096-0_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7796-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-3096-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation