Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Cobalt

  • Chapter
Inorganic Contaminants of Surface Water

Part of the book series: Springer Series on Environmental Management ((SSEM))

Abstract

Cobalt occurs in the Earth’s crust at an average concentration of 25 mg/kg, principally as linnaeite (Co3S4), carrollite (CuCo2S4), safflorite (CoAs2), skutterudite ((Co,Fe)As3), and erythrite (Co3(AsO4)2·8H2O). Although the concentration of cobalt in these minerals can be as high as 200 mg/kg, relatively large residues are also found in coal, uranium ores, some crude oils, and other sulfide ores. Vitamin B12, essential to humans, contains cobalt.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abu-Hilal, A., M. Badran, and J. de Vaugelas. 1988. Distribution of trace elements in Callichirus laurae burrows and nearby sediments in the Gulf of Aqaba, Jordan (Red Sea). Marine Environmental Research 25:233–248.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abuzkhar, A.A., A.S. Gibali, Y.I. Elmehrik, and R. Ahmatullah. 1987. Chemical monitoring of sewage wastes for their use in crop production. 1. Solid sludge as a soil amendment. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 8:127–133.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ajmal, M., and R. Uddin. 1986. Quality of drinking water in the Aligarh Muslim University campus, Aligarh, U.P. (India) with respect to heavy metals. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 6:195–205.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ajmal, M., R. Khan, and A.U. Khan. 1987. Heavy metals in water, sediments, fish and plants of river Hindon, U.P., India. Hydrobiologia 148:151–157.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alexandersson, R. 1988. Blood and urinary concentrations as estimators of cobalt exposure. Archives of Environmental Health 43:299–303.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Angino, E.E. 1966. Geochemistry of Antarctic pelagic sediments. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta 30:939–961.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carson, B.L., H.V. Ellis, and J.L. McCann. 1987. Toxicology and biological monitoring of metals in humans. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, MI. 328 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cordero, R. 1988. Metal Bulletin’s prices and data 1988. Metal Bulletin Books, Surrey, England. 375 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Domingo, J.L. 1989. Cobalt in the environment and its toxicological implications. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 108:105–132.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duursma, E.K. 1973. Specific activity of radionuclides sorbed by marine sediments in relation to the stable element composition. In: Radioactive contamination of the marine environment, 57–71, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna.

    Google Scholar 

  • Estabrook, G.F., D.W. Burk, D.R. Inman, P.B. Kaufman, J.R. Wells, J.D. Jones, and N. Ghosheh. 1985. Comparison of heavy metals in aquatic plants on Charity Island, Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, U.S.A., with plants along the shoreline of Saginaw Bay. American Journal of Botany 72:209–216.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ewell, W.S., J.W. Gorsuch, R.O. Kringle, K.A. Robillard, and R.C. Spiegel. 1986. Simultaneous evaluation of the acute effects of chemicals on seven aquatic species. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 5:831–840.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gounon, J., and A. Milhau. 1986. Analysis of inorganic pollutants emitted by the City of Paris garbage incineration plants. Waste Management and Research 4:95–104.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howard, L.S., and B.E. Brown. 1987. Metals in Pocillopora damicornis exposed to tin smelter effluent. Marine Pollution Bulletin 18:451–454.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huljev, DJ. 1986. Trace elements in humic acids and their hydrolysis products. Environmental Research 39:258–264.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, T.C., and J. Fitchko. 1974. Heavy metal concentrations and distributions in river mouth sediments around the Great Lakes. Proceedings of the International Conference on the Transport of Persistent Chemicals in Aquatic Ecosystems 1:69–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutzinger, O. 1980. The handbook of environmental chemistry. Volume 1. Part A. The natural environmental and the biogeochemical cycles. Springer-Verlag, New York. 258 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, K.S., P.M. Stout, W.M. Berelson, and CM. Sakamoto-Arnold. 1988. Cobalt and copper distributions in the waters of Santa Monica Basin, California. Nature 332:527–530.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khangarot, B.S., P.K. Ray, and H. Chandra. 1987. Daphnia magna as a model to assess heavy metal toxicity: comparative assessment with mouse system. Acta Hydrochimica Hydrobiologica 15:427–432.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Korda, R.J., T.E. Henzler, P.A. Helmke, M.M. Jimenez, L.A. Haskin, and E.M. Larsen. 1977. Trace elements in samples offish, sediment and taconite from Lake Superior. Journal of Great Lakes Research 3:148–154.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, T.R., and D.M. Holdich. 1986. The acute lethal toxicity of heavy metals to peracarid crustaceans (with particular reference to fresh-water asellids and gammarids). Water Research 20:1137–1147.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mohapatra, S.P. 1988. Distribution of heavy metals in polluted creek sediment. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 10:157–163.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murray, S., and L.M. Mayer. 1986. Retention of Co = 60 by the sediments of Montsweag Bay, Maine. Marine Environmental Research 18:29–41.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakahara, M., and F.A. Cross. 1978. Transfer of cobalt-60 from phytoplankton to the clam (Mercenaria mercenaria). Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 44:419–425.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nath, K., and N. Kumar. 1988. Cobalt induced alterations in the carbohydrate metabolism of a freshwater tropical perch, Colisa fasciatus. Chemosphere 17:465–474.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patel, B., V.S. Bangera, S. Patel, and M.C. Balani. 1985. Heavy metals in the Bombay Harbour area. Marine Pollution Bulletin 16:22–28.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, J.H., L.S. Dale, and J.F. Chapman. 1987. Trace element partitioning during the retorting of Julia Creek oil shale. Environmental Science and Technology 21:490–494.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poulton, D.J. 1987. Trace contaminant status of Hamilton Harbour. Journal of Great Lakes Research 13:193–201.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reed, J.R., N.A. Griffith, and C.H. Courtney. 1968. Uptake and excretion of 60 Co by black bullheads (Ictalurus melas). National Technical Information Service, ORNL-4316, US Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, I.C., and B.L. Carson. 1979. Trace metals in the environment. Volume 6, Cobalt. Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, MI. 1, 202 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sridhar, M.K.C. 1986. Trace element composition of Pistia stratiotes L. in a polluted lake in Nigeria. Hydrobiologia 131:273–276.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sung, J.F.C., A.E. Nevissi, and F.B. Dewalle. 1986. Concentration and removal efficiency of major and trace elements in municipal wastewater. Journal of Environmental Science and Health 21:435–448.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Szefer, P. 1986. Some metals in benthic invertebrates in Gdansk Bay. Marine Pollution Bulletin 17:503–507.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Theis, T.L., T.C. Young, and J.V. DePinto. 1988. Factors affecting metal partitioning during resuspension of sediments from the Detroit River. Journal of Great Lakes Research 14:216–226.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • US Minerals Yearbooks. 1930–1989. Bureau of Mines, US Department of the Interior, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vymazal, J. 1984. Short-term uptake of heavy metals by periphyton algae. Hydrobiologia 119:171-179.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Watling, H.R., and R.J. Watling. 1983. Sandy beach molluscs as possible bioindicators of metal pollution. 1. Field survey. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 31:331–338.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, B.L., R.R. Schwarzer, and N. Etonyeaku. 1986. The evaluation of heavy metals (chromium, nickel, and cobalt) in the aqueous sediment surrounding a coal burning generating plant. Journal of Environmental Science and Health 21:791–808.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Box 42, Vegreville, Alberta, TOB 4LO, Canada

    Jame W. Moore

Authors
  1. Jame W. Moore
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Moore, J.W. (1991). Cobalt. In: Inorganic Contaminants of Surface Water. Springer Series on Environmental Management. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3004-5_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3004-5_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7755-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-3004-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation