Abstract
The numerous gibberellin (GA)-deficient dwarf mutants that have been characterized are spectacular demonstrations of the importance of GAs for shoot elongation. However, the growth rates of many tall genotypes are also increased by application of GAs, suggesting that the endogenous GA concentration may be limiting for growth in “normal” varieties. It has been shown for maize that the increased vigor of Fl hybrids, a phenomenon known as heterosis, is associated with higher GA concentrations in the hybrids.1 More dramatically, the rapid stem extension that precedes flowering in rosette plants, such as spinach, is accompanied by, and dependent on, increased GA biosynthesis.2,3 There is, therefore, considerable evidence that GA concentration is a determinant of plant height, and any consideration of how plant height is regulated must include an understanding of the control of GA concentration.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Rood SB, Buzzell RI, Mander LN, et al. Gibberellins: A phytohormonal basis for heterosis in maize. Science. 1988; 241: 1216–1218.
Zeevaart JAD. Effects of photoperiod on growth rate and endogenous gibberellins in the long-day rosette plant spinach. Plant Physiol. 1971; 47: 821–827.
Metzger JD, Zeevaart JAD. Photoperiodic control of gibberellin metabolism in spinach. Plant Physiol. 1982; 69: 287–291.
Phinney BO. Gibberellin A1, dwarfism and the control of shoot elongation in higher plants. In: Crozier A, Hillman, JR, eds. The biosynthesis and metabolism of plant hormones. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984: p. 1741.
MacMillan J. Metabolism of gibberellins A20 and A9 in plants: Pathways and enzymology. In: Pharis RP, Rood SB, eds. Plant growth substances 1988. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1990: In press.
Kobayashi M, Yamaguchi I, Murofushi N, et al. Fluctuation and localization of endogenous gibberellins in rice. Agric Biol Chem. 1988; 52: 1189–1194.
Fujioka S, Yamane H, Spray CR, et al. The dominant non-gibberellinresponding dwarf mutant (D8) of maize accumulates native gibberellins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1988; 85: 9031–9035.
Rood SB, Larsen KM, Mander LN, et al. Identification of endogenous gibberellins from Sorghum. Plant Physiol. 1986; 82: 330–332.
Lenton JR, Hedden P, Gale MD. Gibberellin insensitivity and depletion in wheat—consequences for development. In:Hoad GV, Lenton JR, Jackson MB, Atkin RK, eds. Hormone action in plant development—A critical appraisal. London: Butterworths, 1987: p. 145–160.
Foster CA. Slender: An accelerated extension growth mutant of barley. Barley Genet Newslett. 1977; 7: 24–27.
Lanahan MB, Ho T-HD. Slender barley: a constitutive gibberellin-response mutant. Planta. 1988; 175: 107–114.
Chandler PM. Hormonal regulation of gene expression in the “slender” mutant of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Planta. 1988; 175: 115–120.
Hedden P, Croker SJ. GC–MS analysis of gibberellins in plant tissues. In: Kutácek M, Elliott MC, Machácková I, eds. Molecular aspects of hormonal regulation of plant development. The Hague: SPB Academic Publishing. 1990; p. 19–30.
Stoddart JL. Growth and gibberellin-A1 metabolism in normal and gibberellininsensitive (Rht3) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings. Planta. 1984; 161: 432–438.
Fujioka S, Yamane H, Spray CR, et al. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of gibberellins in vegetative shoots of normal, dwarf-1, dwarf-2, dwarf-3, and dwarf-5 seedlings of Zea mays L. Plant Physiol. 1988; 88: 1367–1372.
Spray C, Phinney BO, Gaskin P, et al. Internode length in Zea mays L. The dwarf-1 mutation controls the 3ß-hydroxylation of gibberellin A20 to gibberellin Al. Planta. 1984; 160: 464–468.
Patterson RI, Rappaport L. The conversion of gibberellin Al to gibberellin A8 by a cell-free enzyme system. Planta. 1974; 119: 183–191.
Smith VA, MacMillan J. Purification and partial characterization of a gibberellin 2ß-hydroxylase from Phaseolus vulgaris. J Plant Growth Regul. 1984; 2: 251–264.
Nietfeld JJ, De Long L, Kemp A. The influence of 2-oxoglutarate on the activity of prolyl 4-hydroxylase. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1982; 704: 321–325.
Harwood JL. The site of action of some selective graminaceous herbicides is identified as acetyl CoA carboxylase. Trends Biochem Sci. 1988; 13: 330–331.
Majamaa K, Hanauske-Abel M, Günzler V, et al. The 2-oxoglutarate binding site of prolyl 4-hydroxylase. Identification of distinct subsites and evidence for 2-oxoglutarate decarboxylation in a ligand reaction at the enzyme-bound ferrous ion. Eur J Biochem. 1984; 138: 239–245.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Hedden, P. (1991). Gibberellin Biosynthetic Enzymes and the Regulation of Gibberellin Concentration. In: Takahashi, N., Phinney, B.O., MacMillan, J. (eds) Gibberellins. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3002-1_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3002-1_10
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7754-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-3002-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive