Abstract
Climate determines the types of forests which can occupy a particular region, and climate as modified by topography largely controls the spatial patterns of forest types within a region. These relationships stem from the influence of climate and weather on tree growth and physiology. Seasonal and annual variations in precipitation and temperature often result in corresponding variations in annual growth increments of individual trees (Chapter 7). Since analyses of trends in annual growth increments are central to the regional air pollution effects studies described in Chapters 8–12, an understanding of the general patterns and variability of climate in the West is necessary for interpreting the results of those studies.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Baker FS (1944) Mountain climates of the western United States. Ecological Monographs14 (2): 224–254
Barry RG (1981) Mountain Weather and Climate. Methuen, London, 313p
Barry RG, Chorley RJ (1982) Atmosphere, Weather, and Climate, 4th Edition. Methuen, London, 407 p
Berry JW (1968) The climate of Colorado. In: Climates of the States, Vol. II—Western States. Water Information Center, Port Washington, NY
Boden TA (1987) United States Historical Climatology Network (HCN) Serial Temperature and Precipitation Data. CDIAC, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN
Bryson RA, Hare FK (1974) The climates of North America. In: Bryson RA, Hare FK (eds) Climates of North America, World Survey of Climatology, Volume 11. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam, pp 1–47
Bryson RA, Lowry WP (1955) Synoptic climatology of the Arizona summer precipitation singularity. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society36: 329–339
Cane MA (1983) Oceanographic events during El Nino. Science222: 1189–1195
Carleton AM (1986) Synoptic-dynamic character of ″bursts″ and ″breaks″ in the southwest US summer precipitation singularity. Journal of Climatology6: 605–623
Carleton AM (1987) Summer circulation climate of the American Southwest, 1945-1984. Annals of the Association of American Geographers77 (4): 619–634
Cayan DR, Peterson DH (1990) The influence of north Pacific atmospheric circulations on streamflow in the West. Geophysical MonographNo. 55: 375–397
Changnon D, McKee TB, Doesken NJ (1990) Hydroclimatic Variability in the Rocky Mountain Region. Climatology Report No. 90–3, Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins
Christensen NL, Agee JK, Brussard PF, Hughes J, Knight DH, Minshall GW, Peek JM, Pyne SJ, Swanson FJ, Thomas JW, Wells S, Williams SE, Wright HA (1989) Interpreting the Yellowstone fires of 1988. Bioscience39 (10): 678–685
Court A (1974) The climate of the conterminous United States. In: Bryson RA, Hare FK (eds) Climates of North America, World Survey of Climatology.Volume 11. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam, pp 193–343
Dorrah VH Jr (1946) Certain hydrological and climatic characteristics of the Southwest. University of New Mexico Publications in Engineering 1, Albuquerque, NM
Hales JE Jr (1974) Southwestern United States summer monsoon source—Gulf of Mexico or Pacific Ocean? Weather-wise27: 148–155
Knight DH, Fahey TJ, Running SW (1985) Water and nutrient outflow from contrasting lodgepole pine forests in Wyoming. Ecological Monographs55 (l): 29–48
Lassoie JP, Hinckley TM, Grier CC (1985) Coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest. In: Chabot BF, Mooney HA (eds) Physiological Ecology of North American Plant Communities. Chapman and Hall, New York, pp 127–161
Lewis MW, Grant MC, Saunders JF (1984) Chemical patterns of bulk atmospheric deposition in the state of Colorado. Water Resources Research20 (11): 1691–1704
Mitchell VL (1976) The regionalization of climate in the western United States. Journal of Applied Meteorology15 (9): 920–927
National Park Foundation (1988) The Complete Guide to America’s National Parks 1988-1989 Edition. Prentice Hall, New York, 572 p
Oke TR (1987) Boundary Layer Climates, 2nd Edition. Methuen, London, 435 pp
Palmer WC (1965) Meteorological Drought. US Weather Bureau Research Paper 45, US Department of Commerce, Washington, DC
Peet RK (1988) Forests of the Rocky Mountains. In: Barbour MG, Billings WD (eds) North American Terrestrial Vegetation. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp 63–101
Pianka ER (1978) Evolutionary Ecology. Harper and Row Publishers, New York
Rogers RR, Yau MK (1989) A Short Course in Cloud Physics, 3rd edition. Pergamon Press, Oxford
Ruffner JA (ed) (1978) Climates of the States, with Current Tables of Normals 1941–1970 and Means and Extremes to 1975. Volume 1: Alabama- Montana, Volume 2: Nebraska-Wyoming and Territories. Gale Research Company, Detroit
Sellers WD, Hill RH (eds) (1974) Arizona Climate, 1931–1972. University of Arizona Press, Tucson
Stohlgren TJ, Parsons DJ (1987) Variation of wet deposition chemistry in Sequoia National Park, California. Atmospheric Environment21(6)-. 1369–1374
Tang M, Reiter ER (1984) Plateau monsoons of the Northern Hemisphere: A comparison between North America and Tibet. Monthly Weather Review112: 617–637
Tuan YF, Everand CE, Widdison JG, Bennet W (1973) The Climate of New Mexico, Revised Edition. State Planning Office, Santa Fe, New Mexico
US National Climatic Center (1983) Climate Normals for the US(Base 1951–1980), First Edition. Gale Research Company, Detroit
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rose, M.R., Böhm, M., Olson, R.K. (1992). Climate. In: Olson, R.K., Binkley, D., Böhm, M. (eds) The Response of Western Forests to Air Pollution. Ecological Studies, vol 97. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2960-5_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2960-5_3
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7734-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-2960-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive