Abstract
Although hormonal regimens provide effective, reversible contraception for women, no effective hormonal contraceptive regimen has yet been developed for men. Testosterone decreases gonadotropin secretion by exerting negative feedback at both the hypothalamus and pituitary (1–3), thereby inhibiting spermatogenesis. Administration of exogenous T causes azoospermia in only 50–70% of men, however (4). Agonist analogs of GnRH can inhibit gonadotropin secretion and gonadal function (5), but they do not consistently induce azoospermia in primates when given alone or in combination with androgen (6–9).
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Matsumoto AM, Bremner WJ. Modulation of pulsatile gonadotropin secretion by testosterone in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1984; 58: 609–14.
Sheckter CB, Matsumoto AM, Bremner WJ. Testosterone administration inhibits gonadotropin secretion by an effect directly on the human pituitary. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1989; 68: 397–401.
Finkelstein J, O’Dea L, Whitcomb R, Schoenfeld D, Crowley W. Testosterone infusion suppresses LH secretion at the pituitary and hypothalamic levels in the human male [Abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 70th meeting of The Endocrine Society, New Orleans, LA, 1988: 302.
Paulsen CA, Bremner WJ, Leonard JM. Male contraception: clinical trials. In: Mishell DR, ed. Advances in fertility research. New York: Raven Press, 1982: 157–70.
Karten MJ, Rivier JE. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog design: structure-function studies toward the development of agonists and antagonists. Endocr Rev 1986; 7: 44–66.
Bouchard P, Garcia E. Influence of testosterone substitution on sperm suppression by LHRH agonists. Horm Res 1987; 28: 175–80.
Bhasin S, Heber D, Steiner BS, Handelsman DJ, Swerdloff RS. Hormonal effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist in the human male: III. Effects of long-term combined treatment with GnRH agonist and androgen. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1985; 60: 998–1003.
Akhtar FB, Marshall GR, Nieschlag E. Testosterone supplementation attenuates the antifertility effects of an LHRH agonist in male rhesus monkeys. Int J Androl 1983; 6: 461–8.
Mann DR, Gould KG, Smith MM, Duffey T, Collins DC. Influence of simultaneous gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and testosterone treatment on spermatogenesis and potential fertilizing capacity in male monkeys. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1987; 65: 1215–24.
Burgo-Briceno LA, Schally AV, Bartke A, Asch RH. Inhibition of serum luteinizing hormone and testosterone with an inhibitory analog of luteinizinghormone releasing hormone in adult male rhesus monkeys. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1984; 59: 601–7.
Adams LA, Bremner WJ, Nestor JJ, Vickery BH, Steiner RA. Suppression of plasma gonadotropins and testosterone in adult male monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) by a potent inhibitory analog of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1986; 62: 58–63.
Bagatell CJ, McLachlan RI, deKretser DM, et al. A comparison of the suppressive effects of testosterone and a potent new gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist on gonadotropin and inhibin levels in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1989; 69: 43–8.
Weinbauer GF, Surmann FJ, Akhtar FB, Shah GV, Vickery BH, Nieschlag E. Reversible inhibition of testicular function by a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist in monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Fertil Steril 1984; 42: 906–14.
Bint Akhtar F, Weinbauer GF, Nieschlag E. Acute and chronic effects of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist on pituitary and testicular function in monkeys. J Endocrinol 1985; 104: 345–54.
Weinbauer GF, Gockeler E, Nieschlag E. Testosterone prevents complete suppression of spermatogenesis in the gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist-treated nonhuman primate (Macaca fascicularis). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988; 67: 284–90.
Weinbauer GF, Surmann FJ, Nieschlag E. Suppression of spermatogenesis in a nonhuman primate (Macaca fascicularis) by concomitant gonadotropinreleasing hormone antagonist and testosterone treatment. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1987; 114: 138–46.
Pavlou SN, et al. Complete suppression of spermatogenesis without loss of libido by administering a GnRH antagonist plus testosterone. In: Proceedings of the 72nd annual meeting of The Endocrine Society, 1990:134.
Tom L, Bhasin S, Salameh W, Peterson M, Steiner B, Swerdloff RS. Male contraception: combined gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist and testosterone enanthate. Clin Res 1991; 39: 91A.
Bagatell CJ, Bremner WJ. Unpublished observations.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Bremner, W.J., Bagatell, C.J., Steiner, R.A. (1992). Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Antagonist Plus Testosterone: A Potential Male Contraceptive. In: Crowley, W.F., Conn, P.M. (eds) Modes of Action of GnRH and GnRH Analogs. Serono Symposia, USA. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2916-2_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2916-2_21
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7718-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-2916-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive